Excessive Ties in Entrepreneurship Can Hurt: How Excess Entrepreneurial Ties Bring Negative Effects to the Firm

Entrepreneurial ties are a critical resource for development and survival of entrepreneurial firms; however, the mechanism of how entrepreneurial ties affect entrepreneurial performance remains unclear. This study advances existing research on social ties and entrepreneurship through investigating how entrepreneurial ties exert a curvilinear impact on entrepreneurial performance via absorptive capacity, and the curvilinear effect of entrepreneurial ties is contingent on environmental complexity. The present study uses a dyadic dataset of 223 entrepreneurs from creativity industries in China to examine hypotheses. The results show that entrepreneurs’ ties have an inverted U-shaped impact on entrepreneurial performance. We also partially find that this inverted U-shaped relationship is mediated by absorptive capacity. Finally, we also find that this inverted U-shaped relationship is steeper when environmental complexity is high, and this inverted U-shaped relationship turns into an almost positive linear when environmental complexity is low. Overall, these results contribute to a deeper understanding of how and when entrepreneurial ties lead to a curvilinear impact on firm outcomes.

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Social and Solitary Exercise among the Unemployed and Out of the Labor Force in the United States: Estimates by Gender and Partnership Status

10.31235/osf.io/g93cm ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Margaret Gough

Keyword(s):

Labor Force ◽

Social Ties ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

The United States ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Partnership Status ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Using Data

BACKGROUNDThe negative health effects of unemployment are significant, and the potential for increased morbidity and mortality is a major public health challenge. Negative effects may be partially attributable to health behavior change and loss of social ties. Exercise has positive physical and mental health benefits and could help buffer such negative effects. This study examines whether time in social and solitary exercise varies by unemployment and out of the labor force (OOLF) status because exercise, especially social exercise, provides health benefits.METHODSGender-stratified ordinary least squares models are estimated using data from the nationally representative 2003-2016 American Time Use Surveys to test how own and partner employment status are associated with total time in exercise, exercise alone, with children, with a partner, and with others.RESULTSUnemployed and OOLF men spend more time in exercise alone and with others compared to employed men. Unemployed women spend more time in exercise with others, and OOLF women in all types of social exercise, compared to employed women.CONCLUSIONSUnemployed and OOLF individuals engage in more social exercise, which could be leveraged to help buffer loss of social ties and improve health. Exercise-related interventions may help reduce negative health consequences of unemployment.

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Social and Solitary Exercise among the Unemployed and Out of the Labor Force in the United States: Estimates by Gender and Partnership Status

10.35831/sor.pubh/070719mgc ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Margaret Gough Courtney

Keyword(s):

Labor Force ◽

Time Use ◽

Social Ties ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

The United States ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Negative Effects ◽

American Time Use Survey

Abstract Introduction: The negative effects of unemployment are significant, and the potential for increased morbidity and mortality is a major public health challenge. Negative effects may be partially attributable to health behavior change and loss of social ties. Exercise has positive physical and mental health benefits and could help buffer such negative effects. This study examines whether time in social and solitary exercise varies by unemployment and out of the labor force (OOLF) status because exercise, especially social exercise, provides health benefits. Methods: Gender-stratified ordinary least squares models are estimated using data from the nationally representative 2003-2016 American Time Use Surveys to test how own and partner employment status are associated with total time in exercise, exercise alone, with children, with a partner, and with others. Results: Unemployed and OOLF men spend significantly more time in exercise alone (3-9 minutes, p<.05) and with others (about 13 minutes, p<.001) compared to employed men. Unemployed women spend significantly more time in exercise with others (6 minutes, p<.05), and OOLF women in all types of social exercise (1-9 minutes, p<.05), compared to employed women. Conclusions: Unemployed and OOLF individuals engage in more social exercise, which could be leveraged to help buffer loss of social ties and improve health. Exercise-related interventions may help reduce negative health consequences of unemployment. Keywords: physical activity, employment, American Time Use Survey

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Environmental Display Can Buffer the Effect of Pesticides on Solitary Bees

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11070417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 417

Author(s):

Samuel Boff ◽

Josué Raizer ◽

Daniela Lupi

Keyword(s):

Interaction Network ◽

Solitary Bees ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Environmental Complexity ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Nesting Sites ◽

Bee Foraging ◽

The Difference ◽

Food Seeking

Environmental quality (e.g., diversity of resource availability, nesting sites, environmental display) plays an important role in an animal’s life. While homogeneous environments can restrict organisms from developing activities such as food seeking (behavioral impairment), more complex environments allow animals to perform activities with learning and behavioral perfecting outcomes. Pesticides are known to affect the learning and foraging behaviors of bees; however, little is known about the counterbalance displayed by the environment. Herein, we conducted two experiments that simulated distinct environmental displays, in which the effects of a fungicide (IndarTM 5EW-febunconazole) on solitary bee foraging activities were tested. We found that the fungicide only impaired the activities of bees in one of the studied environments. The difference in visitation rates and flower exploitation of bees between the two different environmental displays led to changes in metrics of bee–flower networks across environments. Linkage density, a metric associated with pollination efficiency that is known to be impacted by different environments, differed across environments. Our results showed that ecological interaction network metrics can differ regarding the different environmental displays. This study indicates that environmental complexity helps balance the negative effects of pesticides on solitary bees and highlights the potential use of solitary bees as model organisms for experimental simulations of environmental change.

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What’s the best entrepreneur learning style?

Development in Learning Organizations An International Journal ◽

10.1108/dlo-06-2017-0058 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 26-28

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Case Studies ◽

Learning Style ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Reading Time ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Entrepreneurial Performance ◽

Pertinent Information ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Preference for the Kolb Active Experimentation (AE) learning mode over Reflective Observation (RO) predicts adoption of a key entrepreneurial innovation behavior and significant entrepreneurial performance benefits. In contrast to published theories, the RO learning mode exhibits surprizing negative effects on entrepreneurial performance. Data analysis also reveals that 90 per cent of sampled co-founder/partners had at least one partner with the hypothesized entrepreneurial style. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

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Is the alignment between public research organisations' R&D competence and policies really critical for technology transfer?

Science and Public Policy ◽

10.1093/scipol/scaa062 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hosung Son ◽

Yanghon Chung ◽

Sangpil Yoon

Keyword(s):

Data Envelopment Analysis ◽

Technology Transfer ◽

Absorptive Capacity ◽

The Other ◽

Data Envelopment ◽

Public Research ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Research Organisations ◽

Technology Commercialisation ◽

Oriented Research

Abstract This study examines the effects of commercially-oriented research and development (R&D) competence and technology commercialisation (TC) policies in public research organisations (PROs) on R&D efficiency of companies when they receive technology transfer from PROs. This study especially uses three-stage data envelopment analysis in order to control the companies’ absorptive capacity and innovation hurdles that affect the efficiency. The results show that companies that receive technology transfer from PROs that have good alignment between commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies have higher R&D efficiency than companies that do not. On the other hand, the misalignment between PROs’ commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies can have negative effects on R&D efficiency of companies that receive technology transfer. Consequently, this study discloses that the alignment between technology transferor's commercially-oriented R&D competence and TC policies is critical for improving the R&D efficiency of companies when the companies acquire technologies from external organisations.

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What about the employees in entrepreneurial firms? A multi-level analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, role ambiguity, and social support

International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1177/0266242617690797 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 969-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jim Andersén

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽

Role Ambiguity ◽

Entrepreneurial Firms ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Relationship ◽

Level Analysis

Research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has mainly addressed outcomes of EO at the level of the firm. However, few studies have examined how EO affects employees. Using a multi-level analysis of 343 employees nested in 25 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) the analysis presented shows that EO will increase the degree of role ambiguity among employees. Social support from management was not found to have any effect on the relationship between EO and role ambiguity. However, social support from co-workers weakens the EO-ambiguity relationship and can counteract the negative effects of EO to some degree. The study contributes to the EO literature by being one of a few studies that have considered the possible negative consequences of EO. The article also highlights how to reduce role ambiguity in entrepreneurial SMEs.

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Transnational and Local Co-ethnic Social Ties as Coping Mechanisms Against Perceived Discrimination - A Study on the Life Satisfaction of Turkish and Moroccan Minorities in the Netherlands

Frontiers in Sociology ◽

10.3389/fsoc.2021.671897 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Ece Arat ◽

Özge Bilgili

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Second Generation ◽

Social Ties ◽

Perceived Discrimination ◽

Well Being ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Coping Mechanisms ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Perceived Ethnic Discrimination

Perceived ethnic discrimination is known to decrease minorities’ life satisfaction. This research investigates the extent to which minorities’ local and transnational co-ethnic social ties mitigate the negative effects of perceived discrimination on life satisfaction. Put differently, focusing on the experiences of Turkish and Moroccan minorities, we discuss whether co-ethnic social ties, both locally and transnationally embedded, can be considered as coping mechanisms against perceived discrimination. Furthermore, we investigate whether these mechanisms work differently for first- and second-generation minorities. Using Netherlands Longitudinal Life-course Study, we reveal that perceived discrimination is positively associated with local co-ethnic social ties in Netherlands which consequently predicts higher life satisfaction for both generations. Surprisingly, we also show that only among the second generation perceived discrimination is associated with stronger transnational co-ethnic social ties, but not the first generation. Having these transnational ties however are beneficial for life satisfaction of both generations. Consequently, we highlight the importance of recognizing transnational embeddedness of minorities and studying the effects transnational co-ethnic social ties on subjective well-being outcomes especially for second-generation minorities.

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Entrepreneurial exit by acquisition: the impact of heterogeneity in products and technology portfolio and marketing capabilities

Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1108/jrme-07-2020-0089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Annelies Bobelyn ◽

Bart Claryse ◽

Mike Wright

Keyword(s):

Firm Value ◽

Entrepreneurial Firms ◽

Product Portfolio ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Marketing Activities ◽

Market Focus ◽

The Impact ◽

Firm Owners ◽

Acquisition Price

Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of two important marketing decisions on the extent of value capturing by the firm owners. First, it addresses the debate whether acquirers of young technology-based firms value targets that span multiple technology and market categories indicating multiples options for growth or prefer more narrowly defined targets with a clear product and market focus. Second, it investigates to what extent the use of alliances for marketing purposes contributes to value capturing and how they moderate the effect of diversification of technology and marketing. Design/methodology/approach To estimate the acquisition price, a linear regression model is used, including a Heckman correction controlling for the likelihood of being acquired. The hypotheses are tested in a sample of British venture capital backed firms. Findings Firms that convey focus in their marketing activities (either because they focus on a few market categories or because they rely on downstream alliance to market their inventions) receive higher valuations at acquisition than those that diversify. Further, also the size of the product portfolio is negatively correlated to the acquisition price. Finally, the results reveal that firms with a broad patent portfolio can reduce the negative effects on firm value by engaging in less downstream alliances. Originality/value This paper advances existing research on exit strategies for entrepreneurial firms by considering factors explaining acquisition prices, instead of acquisition probabilities. Further, it adds the categorization research by demonstrating how acquirers respond to complex combinations of technology and market categories.

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