scholarly journals Social and Solitary Exercise among the Unemployed and Out of the Labor Force in the United States: Estimates by Gender and Partnership Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gough Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
American Time Use Survey

Abstract Introduction: The negative effects of unemployment are significant, and the potential for increased morbidity and mortality is a major public health challenge. Negative effects may be partially attributable to health behavior change and loss of social ties. Exercise has positive physical and mental health benefits and could help buffer such negative effects. This study examines whether time in social and solitary exercise varies by unemployment and out of the labor force (OOLF) status because exercise, especially social exercise, provides health benefits. Methods: Gender-stratified ordinary least squares models are estimated using data from the nationally representative 2003-2016 American Time Use Surveys to test how own and partner employment status are associated with total time in exercise, exercise alone, with children, with a partner, and with others. Results: Unemployed and OOLF men spend significantly more time in exercise alone (3-9 minutes, p<.05) and with others (about 13 minutes, p<.001) compared to employed men. Unemployed women spend significantly more time in exercise with others (6 minutes, p<.05), and OOLF women in all types of social exercise (1-9 minutes, p<.05), compared to employed women. Conclusions: Unemployed and OOLF individuals engage in more social exercise, which could be leveraged to help buffer loss of social ties and improve health. Exercise-related interventions may help reduce negative health consequences of unemployment. Keywords: physical activity, employment, American Time Use Survey

scholarly journals Social and Solitary Exercise among the Unemployed and Out of the Labor Force in the United States: Estimates by Gender and Partnership Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gough
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

BACKGROUNDThe negative health effects of unemployment are significant, and the potential for increased morbidity and mortality is a major public health challenge. Negative effects may be partially attributable to health behavior change and loss of social ties. Exercise has positive physical and mental health benefits and could help buffer such negative effects. This study examines whether time in social and solitary exercise varies by unemployment and out of the labor force (OOLF) status because exercise, especially social exercise, provides health benefits.METHODSGender-stratified ordinary least squares models are estimated using data from the nationally representative 2003-2016 American Time Use Surveys to test how own and partner employment status are associated with total time in exercise, exercise alone, with children, with a partner, and with others.RESULTSUnemployed and OOLF men spend more time in exercise alone and with others compared to employed men. Unemployed women spend more time in exercise with others, and OOLF women in all types of social exercise, compared to employed women.CONCLUSIONSUnemployed and OOLF individuals engage in more social exercise, which could be leveraged to help buffer loss of social ties and improve health. Exercise-related interventions may help reduce negative health consequences of unemployment.

Negative Effects of Home Foreclosures on Mental and Physical Health Risks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Owusu Kizito
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Response System ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Home Foreclosures

The rising rate of home foreclosures which stands at approximately 1 in 92 households in the United States has raised a national alarm. Medical issues account for approximately half of all home foreclosure filings and it appears that approximately 1.5 million American homeowners could lose their homes to foreclosure every year. The phenomenological method was applied to explore the problems through the participant's lived experience. Four core themes were revealed: foreclosure process resulting in hospitalization of family and foreclosure associated with the lack of family's health insurance, family health and the foreclosure process, and foreclosure and the negligence of doctor's prescription, foreclosure as perceived loss of money and finally homeownership, displacement and housing instability as a reason for depression. The study provides a framework for local practitioners and decision makers in identifying the consequences on the physical and mental health of the participants and their families and providing a workable foreclosure response system.

Intervening processes in the relationship between unemployment and health

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
J. Blake Turner ◽  
James S. House
Keyword(s):  
Job Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unemployment And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisA considerable amount of research documents the negative effects of job loss on both physical and mental health. Yet we know comparatively little about the mechanisms through which these effects occur. Unemployment, like other events, is not the same experience for everyone exposed to it. An understanding of this variation might be facilitated by breaking down the analysis of unemployment into a consideration of the various stresses that it creates or exacerbates. This is our purpose in the present paper.We demonstrate that, for one area of the United States, the effect of job loss on several health outcomes involves two mechanisms: (1) unemployment results in increased financial strain which, in turn, results in negative health effects, and (2) unemployment leaves the individual more vulnerable to the impact of unrelated life events. Controlling for financial strain, unemployed people in our sample who have not experienced an additional life event in the previous year are in no worse health than the stably employed. This provides useful insights into the nature of the unemployment experience in this particular setting. It also provides a basis for future detailed explorations of the various ways people cope with this event.

scholarly journals Extended Unemployment Insurance and Job Search: Evidence from Time Use Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Job Search ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
The U.S

Abstract In this paper, I investigate the effect of extended unemployment insurance (UI) coverage in the United States in recent years on job search. The U.S. government extended UI benefits in several phases in 2008–2009, increasing the duration of the benefits to a maximum of 99 weeks, up from the regular 26 weeks. Using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data, I find that women are more sensitive to the extended UI benefits than men. Difference-in-differences estimation shows that the average effect of the UI extensions for women is over a 10 percentage points decline in the probability of job search. However, I do not find any statistically significant effect on men.

scholarly journals Income Inequality, Social Comparison, and Happiness in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312098564
Author(s):  
Tim Futing Liao
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
The Individual

Using social comparison theory, I investigate the relation between experienced happiness and income inequality. In the analysis, I study happiness effects of the individual-level within-gender-ethnicity comparison-based Gini index conditional on a state’s overall inequality, using a linked set of the March 2013 Current Population Survey and the 2013 American Time Use Survey data while controlling major potential confounders. The findings suggest that individuals who are positioned to conduct both upward and downward comparison would feel happier in states where overall income inequality is high. In states where inequality is not high, however, such effects are not present because social comparison becomes less meaningful when one’s position is not as clearly definable. Therefore, social comparison matters where inequality persists: One’s comparison with all similar others’ in the income distribution in a social environment determines the effect of one’s income on happiness, with the comparison target being the same gender-ethnic group.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Time in Child Care During Unemployment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gough
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Time Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Unpaid Labor ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Parental Unemployment ◽  
Employed Parents ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesThere is great interest in the relationship between paid and unpaid labor time. Yet, in the United States most studies have focused on the housework component of unpaid labor. Limited research has examined how parental employment status relates to child care time. This study examines how unemployment is related to time in multiple types of child care and how this relationship varies by gender.MethodsI use data from the 2003-2013 American Time Use Surveys to study cohabiting and married parents ages 18-65 (N=44,198). I predict time spent in total child care, routine child care, and educational/recreational child care by parental unemployment status using ordinary least squares and seemingly unrelated regression models, and examine differences between weekday and weekend time use. ResultsConsistent with time-based theories, I find unemployed parents spend more time in child care than employed parents, but patterns vary by gender: unemployed mothers and fathers spend more time in child care on weekdays, but unemployed fathers spent less time in child care on weekends. ConclusionsResults suggest similarities and differences between the unemployment-child care time relationship and the relationship of unemployment with other types of unpaid labor such as housework.

scholarly journals Time Spent at Home and Alone in the United States, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Jeanne Drotning
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
At Home

Social distancing conditions implemented in response to the Covid-19 pandemic significantly altered where and with whom people were able to spend their time. By examining data from the 2019 American Time Use Survey, this study provides a baseline of how much time people spent at home, alone, and alone at home prior to the onset of the pandemic. Men, Black people, older adults, low-income households, foreign-born adults, people who live alone, and people who are unemployed spend more time alone than other groups. These findings highlight which groups in the United States already spent more time at home and more time alone pre-pandemic, forecasting how other groups time use may shift in response to Covid-19 pandemic social distancing regulations.

Negative Effects of Home Foreclosures on Mental and Physical Health Risks

2016 ◽  
pp. 616-636
Author(s):  
Owusu Kizito
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Home Foreclosures

The rising rate of home foreclosures which stands at approximately 1 in 92 households in the United States has raised a national alarm. Medical issues account for approximately half of all home foreclosure filings and it appears that approximately 1.5 million American homeowners could lose their homes to foreclosure every year. The phenomenological method was applied to explore the problems through the participant's lived experience. Four core themes were revealed: foreclosure process resulting in hospitalization of family and foreclosure associated with the lack of family's health insurance, family health and the foreclosure process, and foreclosure and the negligence of doctor's prescription, foreclosure as perceived loss of money and finally homeownership, displacement and housing instability as a reason for depression. The study provides a framework for local practitioners and decision makers in identifying the consequences on the physical and mental health of the participants and their families and providing a workable foreclosure response system.

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