Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking: Non-Traditional Security Threats in Post-Soviet Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Subrata Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Central Asia Region

The post-cold war world has become susceptible to multiple non-traditional security threats that are no less formidable than the traditional security threats. Drug trafficking poses one such serious non-traditional security threat and drug abuse provides its fuel. Not only do the drugs destroy the very fabric of human resource in a region where trafficking operates and thereby reduces communities to hollow card-boxes, but such trafficking also generates loads of dirty money which fosters the growth of non-State actors engaged in subversive activities. This article argues that following the fall of the erstwhile Soviet empire, the entire Central Asia region has become a hotbed of such non-traditional security threats which is being nourished by an enormous demand for drug abuse in Russia and the scenario spells trouble for India as well. The article also contemplates a constructive role for Russia in this regard.

The Western Balkans Policy of the EU Within the Framework of Domino Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
I.dris Turan ◽  
Ekrem Yas¸ar Akçay
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Domino Effect ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Cold War Era ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
The Eu

This study elaborates on the European Union’s (EU) Balkan policies evaluating the developments in the Western Balkans from the post-Cold War era until today. In addition, the study will tackle the EU policies and practices in the Western Balkans on the basis of the principles of the domino theory. In this context, the EU believes that destabilisation due to conflicts in former Yugoslavia after disintegration has also destabilised other countries in the region in domino effect. This situation means both the region and the EU will encounter security threat. In this regard, the study dwells upon EU policies in the region to provide financial aid in an attempt to ensure development and sustainability which will foster stability on the basis of the assumption that these countries in the region will be accepted to the EU as member countries after ensuring stability.

scholarly journals The Baloch nationalism in Pakistan: Articulation of the ethnic separatism after the end of the Cold War

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Hoshang Noraiee
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Radical Nationalism

The tribal structures of the society in Balochistan has strongly influenced Baloch nationalism in Pakistan. The Baloch nationalism has been shaped in the process of widespread politico-tribal rivalry, in the context of a week state in Pakistan interacted with the post-cold war conditions marked by the absence of the Soviet Union hegemonic power, and the processes of globalization. In this framework, the attitudes, scope, and directions of the Baloch nationalism, in this area, have shifted. The radical nationalism predominantly has become more aggressive, more exclusionary, more puritan, and more ethnically oriented. It has become more relaxed in using unethical and deceitful means such as indiscriminate killing, kidnapping, ransom; arm trafficking, and sometimes some of the nationalists, if not directly, gaining benefit from the drug trafficking, and banditry to achieve their objectives. Considering the geopolitical conditions in the whole region, particularly in Pakistan and Afghanistan; and the strength of tribal- sardari values associated with inter and intra rivalries, it is not surprising to find a peculiar situation in Balochistan. This research is mainly based on literature review, but also some limited conversations with a few anonymous informants and contacts with some of the Baloch political and community organizations and activists.

6. Security and Insecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Traditional Approaches

This chapter assesses the general concept of security and the way in which issues come to be ‘securitized’. The security of the sovereign state, in a system of states, and existing under conditions of anarchy, has been the traditional focus of studies in global or international politics. Security in this context has therefore been concerned largely with the threats that states pose to each other. Over the last few decades, however, the agenda for security in global politics has expanded, and so too has its conceptualization. The chapter looks at traditional approaches to security and insecurity, revisiting the Hobbesian state of nature and tracing security thinking in global politics through to the end of the Cold War. This is followed by a discussion of ideas about collective security as embodied in the UN, paying particular attention to the role of the Security Council and the issue of intervention in the post-Cold War period. This period has also seen the broadening of the security agenda to encompass concerns such as gender security, environmental security, cyber security, and the diffuse concept of ‘human security’. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of the ‘war on terror’, raising further questions concerning how best to deal with non-conventional security threats.

Security and Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Simon Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines and critiques how diseases have come to be seen as national and international security threats, beginning with a brief look at the long history of disease as a threat to societies, then turning to deepening linkages between disease and national security in the post–Cold War era. It then examines four health threats that have entered Western security agendas since the 1990s: emerging infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, bioterrorism, and drug-resistant infections, focusing on how the public health and security communities have combined to construct these particular health problems as security threats. The chapter also examines some apparent benefits of framing diseases as security threats. The final section discusses critiques of the securitisation of health, noting that these point to the need for policymakers to grapple with deeply political trade-offs regarding how much “security” from health threats we want and what we will sacrifice to get it.

Kin-State Politics: Causes and Consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-808
Author(s):  
Myra A. Waterbury
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
State Politics ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diaspora Politics

AbstractThis article situates the development of the kin-state politics literature within the context of post-Cold War scholarship on ethnicity, nationalism, and conflict. It outlines how an increasingly mature literature emerged around the domestic political and foreign policy drivers of kin-state politics as scholars drew from a number of perspectives, from the literature on irredentism to that on diaspora politics and transborder nationalism. The article then evaluates scholarship on the drivers and impacts of kin-state politics, with a focus on the consequences of kin-state politics for the cultural and political landscape of external kin communities and the impact on regional security and stability. While a rich and nuanced literature has helped to contextualize the tensions and complexities of the former, I argue that the latter needs to be developed further. Careful work needs to be done to more precisely establish the conditions under which kin-state politics constitute a security threat. Future scholarship should bring together a more ground level perspective of how kin-state policies are perceived, utilized, and/or instrumentalized by their intended subjects with a critical understanding of how the “game” of kin-state politics is played within the home state and the kin-state.

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