Dynamics and mechanism of dimer dissociation of photoreceptor UVR8

Photoreceptors are a class of light-sensing proteins with critical biological functions. UVR8 is the only identified UV photoreceptor in plants and its dimer dissociation upon UV sensing activates UV-protective processes. However, the dissociation mechanism is still poorly understood. Here, by integrating extensive mutations, ultrafast spectroscopy, and computational calculations, we find that the funneled excitation energy in the interfacial tryptophan (Trp) pyramid center drives a directional Trp-Trp charge separation in 80 ps and produces a critical transient Trp anion, enabling its ultrafast charge neutralization with a nearby positive arginine residue in 17 ps to destroy a key salt bridge. A domino effect is then triggered to unzip the strong interfacial interactions, which is facilitated through flooding the interface by channel and interfacial water molecules. These detailed dynamics reveal a unique molecular mechanism of UV-induced dimer monomerization.

The Practice and the Pressure to Progress

As one of the most traditional professions, the practice of law has been slower than most to adapt to technological advances and recognize the impact on the changing nature of work for attorneys. Only two state bar associations currently require continuing legal education in technology. New York's bar association has recommended mandatory training in cybersecurity; however, it would comprise only 1 credit within the Ethics & Professionalism Continuing Legal Education (CLE) requirements. This chapter will explore the negative “domino effect” that disregarding or underestimating the power of technology in both legal education and practice can have on access, diversity, and ultimately justice. By presenting the evidence here, perhaps the profession through its many and varied institutions and organizations can finally turn against the tide of tradition. The profession and its oversight bodies must look farther back in the pathway to practice to re-imagine legal education and embrace that which is now possible through technology and innovative teaching and learning methods.

Participatory Budgeting: Case Study of Possible Causes of Failures

Participatory budgeting is perhaps the most widespread and popular form of democratic innovation (DI). It is often identified as an appropriate tool to deepen the democracy at the local level. The text shows that this is not always the case, as some elected officials may use it as a innovation “façade” or its design suffers from various forms of imperfections leading to its failure to be implemented. The authors focus on the practice of participatory budgeting and its failures in the Czech Republic. Through the empirical testing of causal mechanism, the article reveals the main causes of that failure, in the case of its implementation in Prague 7 borough. The mechanism presented is based on the theory-testing minimal process-tracing design in which part of the findings of the previous research have been tested. It also attempts to support empirically only the significant steps of the mechanism between cause and outcome. In particular, the three scope conditions are tested: political support, sufficient funding for participatory budgeting and the existence of a source of know-how. Authors conclude that in the selected case, there was a domino effect of failure, with successive failures in all observed conditions, which ultimately led to a complete brake of causal mechanism and failure of participatory budgeting tool.

A Domino Effect

Education during the early years of life lays the groundwork for educational trajectories over the course of life. A college degree has a profound effect on Americans over the life course, including how much they earn and how long they live. This chapter argues that religious restraint has a domino effect. Teenagers raised with religious restraint earn better grades in high school, and their higher grade point averages help them go on to complete more years of college than nonabiders. Abiders from working-class and middle-class families see the biggest educational attainment bump. However, abiders from poor families and from the professional class do not see a strong educational attainment bump.

Provision of land resources for the sustainable sengon raw material industry in Bedadung Jember Watershed

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) is a mainstay commodity as an industrial raw material, so it has high economic value. The domino effect that appears is the increase in the area of ​​​​sengon land and causes changes in land use. Land conversion will be vulnerable to erosion and increase the level of erosion hazards. Inappropriate land changes will also threaten the sustainability of the agroindustry, therefore it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of the sengon plant land. This study aims to identify the suitability of sengon land in the Bedadung watershed for sustainable agro-industry development. The analyzed parameters are 14 and the method used is matching and overlay. The results of land suitability analysis on dominant sengon plants were categorized as S3 "marginally appropriate" (48.07%). The limiting factor for sengon plants is rainfall as a source of water and soil solum. Efforts to increase the rainfall factor are to build reservoirs or dams, but these improvements require a lot of money and time. Meanwhile, efforts to improve soil solum are difficult because it takes a long time. Thus, the sengon commodity in Jember Regency will experience sustainability problems if the limiting factor is not found a solution.

Evaluation of the use of the national academic network of advanced technology (renata) in Colombia

This paper models the operation of Internet 2, the advanced national academic network (RENATA) in Colombia, by as-sessing the fundamental services that it supports and its respective performance. The academic and scientific importance of the article lies on discussing the problem of NRAN networks not being harnessed as scientific tools that may have a domino effect by driving the use of said tools in different education and research centers of the highest level. It is concluded that the connectivity model in the associated networks, i.e., the university networks of every important city within RENATA do not effectively use the advantages of bandwidth capacity, hereby proven with 0.039 Gbps.

The Cascading Climate Crisis

• Risk cascades are where an adverse climatic impact or trend triggers or amplifies a set of risks, including through maladaptive responses. • Climate risk cascades have already occurred and are set to increase going into the future. Some of these could be non-linear and high impact. • Risk cascades can occur through a unilinear chain – a ‘domino’ effect—or when the cascades reinforce the initial risk or driver – a ‘spiral’ or ‘cycle effect. At worst, these can snowball into crises that cross sectors and countries. • Predicting risk cascades will be inherently difficult, if not impossible. Yet we can likely understand the different pathways they may take, and the thresholds past which they are likely to occur. • Protecting again risk cascades means faster decarbonisation, supporting the most vulnerable, and building more resilient socio-economic systems. This will require indirect measures, such as remedying inequalities.