A Systematic Review of Etiological Risk Factors Associated With Early Mortality Among National Football League Players

Background: Multiple risks predispose professional football players to adverse health outcomes and, in extreme cases, early death; however, our understanding of etiological risk factors related to early mortality is limited. Purpose: To identify etiological risk factors associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among National Football League (NFL) players. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Articles examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors among previous NFL players were identified by systematically searching: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1990 to 2017. Study eligibility and quality were evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Results: A total of 801 nonduplicated studies were identified through our search strategy. Of these, 9 studies examining 11 different risk factors were included in the systematic review. Overall, the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was lower among NFL players than among the general male population in the United States. Nonwhite athletes, those in power positions, and those with a high playing-time body mass index (≥30 kg/m2) were associated with elevated all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks. Conclusion: Methodological issues associated with the examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors preclude a definitive conclusion of etiological protective or risk effects. Comparison groups less prone to selection bias (“healthy worker effect”) and a life-course approach to the evaluation of suspected risk factors are warranted to identify etiological factors associated with early mortality among NFL players.

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Sociodemographic and Clinical Risk Factors Associated With Tuberculosis Mortality in the United States, 2009-2013

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/0033354917698117 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 366-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Haylea A. Hannah ◽

Roque Miramontes ◽

Neel R. Gandhi

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

The United States ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Objectives: The objectives of our study were (1) to determine risk factors associated with tuberculosis (TB)–specific and non–TB-specific mortality among patients with TB and (2) to examine whether risk factors for TB-specific mortality differed from those for non–TB-specific mortality. Methods: We obtained data from the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and included all patients who had TB between 2009 and 2013 in the United States and its territories. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of each risk factor for TB-specific and non–TB-specific mortality. Results: Of 52 175 eligible patients with TB, 1404 died from TB, and 2413 died from other causes. Some of the risk factors associated with the highest odds of TB-specific mortality were multidrug-resistant TB diagnosis (aOR = 3.42; 95% CI, 1.95-5.99), end-stage renal disease (aOR = 3.02; 95% CI, 2.23-4.08), human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI, 2.02-3.42), age 45-64 years (aOR = 2.57; 95% CI, 2.01-3.30) or age ≥65 years (aOR = 5.76; 95% CI, 4.37-7.61), and immunosuppression (aOR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.71-2.83). All of these risk factors except multidrug-resistant TB were also associated with increased odds of non–TB-specific mortality. Conclusion: TB patients with certain risk factors have an elevated risk of TB-specific mortality and should be monitored before, during, and after treatment. Identifying the predictors of TB-specific mortality may help public health authorities determine which subpopulations to target and where to allocate resources.

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Mortality risk factors of COVID-19 infection in kidney transplantation recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohorts and clinical registries

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99713-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suwasin Udomkarnjananun ◽

Stephen J. Kerr ◽

Natavudh Townamchai ◽

Paweena Susantitaphong ◽

Wasee Tulvatana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Case Reports ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Published Evidence

AbstractKidney transplantation recipients (KTR) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at higher risk of death than general population. However, mortality risk factors in KTR are still not clearly identified. Our objective was to systematically analyze published evidence for risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 KTR. Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies on 1 August 2021. All prospective and retrospective studies of COVID-19 in KTR were considered eligible without language restriction. Since data in case reports and series could potentially be subsets of larger studies, only studies with ≥ 50 patients were included. Random-effects model meta-analysis was used to calculate weighted mean difference (WMD) and pooled odds ratio (OR) of factors associated with mortality. From a total 1,137 articles retrieved, 13 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis comprising 4,440 KTR. Compared with survivors, non-survivors were significantly older (WMD 10.5 years, 95% CI 9.3–11.8). KTR of deceased donor were at higher risk of death (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10–2.74). Comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and active cancer significantly increased mortality risk. KTR with dyspnea (OR 5.68, 95% CI 2.11–15.33) and pneumonia (OR 10.64, 95% CI 3.37–33.55) at presentation were at higher mortality risk, while diarrhea decreased the risk (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47–0.78). Acute kidney injury was associated with mortality (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.36–7.70). Inflammatory markers were significantly higher in the non-survivors, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukine-6. A number of COVID-19 mortality risk factors were identified from KTR patient characteristics, presenting symptoms, and laboratory investigations. KTR with these risk factors should receive more intensive monitoring and early therapeutic interventions to optimize health outcomes.

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in India: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Authorea ◽

10.22541/au.158758076.65534162 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thangjam Devi ◽

Huidrom Singh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Factors Associated

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A systematic review of the factors associated with the course of borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescence

Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation ◽

10.1186/s40479-021-00151-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriele Skabeikyte ◽

Rasa Barkauskiene

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Borderline Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Strong Support ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Developmental Pathways ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Research on personality pathology in adolescence has accelerated during the last decade. Among all of the personality disorders, there is strong support for the validity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis in adolescence with comparable stability as seen in adulthood. Researchers have put much effort in the analysis of the developmental pathways and etiology of the disorder and currently are relocating their attention to the identification of the possible risk factors associated with the course of BPD symptoms during adolescence. The risk profile provided in previous systematic reviews did not address the possible development and course of BPD features across time. Having this in mind, the purpose of this systematic review is to identify the factors that are associated with the course of BPD symptoms during adolescence. Methods Electronic databases were systematically searched for prospective longitudinal studies with at least two assessments of BPD as an outcome of the examined risk factors. A total number of 14 articles from the period of almost 40 years were identified as fitting the eligibility criteria. Conclusions Factors associated with the course of BPD symptoms include childhood temperament, comorbid psychopathology, and current interpersonal experiences. The current review adds up to the knowledge base about factors that are associated with the persistence or worsening of BPD symptoms in adolescence, describing the factors congruent to different developmental periods.

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Dose-Response and Risk Factors for Obliteration of Arteriovenous Malformations Following Radiosurgery: An Update Based on the Last 20 Years of Published Clinical Evidence

Neurosurgery Open ◽

10.1093/neuopn/okab004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shaoyu Zhu ◽

N Patrik Brodin ◽

Madhur K Garg ◽

Patrick A LaSala ◽

Wolfgang A Tomé

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Obliteration Rate ◽

Inverse Variance

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital lesion that can potentially lead to devastating consequences if not treated. Many institutional cohort studies have reported on the outcomes after radiosurgery and factors associated with successful obliteration in the last few decades. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively assess the dose-response relationship and risk factors associated with AVM obliteration using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. METHODS Data were extracted from reports published within the last 20 yr. The dose-response fit for obliteration as a function of marginal dose was performed using inverse-variance weighting. Risk factors for AVM obliteration were assessed by combining odds ratios from individual studies using inverse-variance weighting. RESULTS The logistic model fit showed a clear association between higher marginal dose and higher rates of obliteration. There appeared to be a difference in the steepness in dose-response when comparing studies with patients treated using Gamma Knife radiosurgery (Elekta), compared to linear accelerators (LINACs), and when stratifying studies based on the size of treated AVMs. In the risk-factor analysis, AVM obliteration rate decreases with larger AVM volume or AVM diameter, higher AVM score or Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, and prior embolization, and increases with compact AVM nidus. No statistically significant associations were found between obliteration rate and age, sex, prior hemorrhage, prior aneurysm, and location eloquence. CONCLUSION A marginal dose above 18 Gy was generally associated with AVM obliteration rates greater than 60%, although lesion size, AVM score, SM grade, prior embolization, and nidus compactness all have significant impact on AVM obliteration rate.

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Risk factors associated with the development of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Oral Diseases ◽

10.1111/odi.13863 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda de Farias Gabriel ◽

Felipe Martins Silveira ◽

Marina Curra ◽

Lauren Frenzel Schuch ◽

Vivian Petersen Wagner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Oral Mucositis ◽

Pediatric Oncology ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Oncology Patients ◽

Factors Associated

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G330(P) A systematic review of the risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury in children

10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.285 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

C Williams ◽

L Oni ◽

SJ McWilliam

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Factors Associated

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Early Outcomes After Surgical Management of Geriatric Patella Fractures

Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/2151459320987699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215145932098769

Author(s):

Jaclyn Kapilow ◽

Junho Ahn ◽

Kathryn Gallaway ◽

Megan Sorich

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Postoperative Complications ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Geriatric Patients ◽

The United States ◽

Unplanned Readmission ◽

Patella Fracture ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prolonged Hospitalization ◽

Patella Fractures

Objectives: To report the incidence and risk factors for prolonged hospitalization, discharge to a facility, and postoperative complications in geriatric patients who underwent surgery for patella fracture. Design: Retrospective database review. Setting: The American College of Surgeons—National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) collects data from 600 hospitals across the United States. Patients/Participants: NSQIP patients over 65 years of age with patella fractures. Intervention: Surgical fixation of patella fracture including extensor mechanism repair. Main Outcome Measurements: Prolonged hospitalization, discharge to a facility, and 30-day post-operative complications. Results: 1721 patients were included in the study. The average age was 74.9 years. 358 (20.8%) patients were male. 122 (7.1%) patients had a length of stay greater than 7 days. Factors associated with prolonged length of stay include pre-existing renal failure, need for emergent surgery, and time to surgery greater than 24 hours from admission. 640 patients (37.2%) of patients were discharged to a facility after surgery. Discharge to facility was associated with age >77 years, obesity, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pre-operative SIRS, and CCI > 0.5. Admission from home decreased the odds of discharge to a facility. The most common postoperative complications in this population were unplanned readmission (3.4%), unplanned reoperation (2.7%), surgical site infection (1.1%), mortality (1.0%), venous thromboembolism (0.8%), and wound dehiscence (0.2%). Complication rates increased with anemia and ASA class IV-V. Conclusions: Geriatric patients undergoing operative intervention for patella fractures are at high risk for prolonged hospitalization, discharge to facility, unplanned readmission or reoperation, and surgical site complications in the first 30 days following surgery. This study highlights modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with adverse events. Early recognition of these factors can allow for close monitoring and multidisciplinary intervention in the perioperative period to improve outcomes. Level of Evidence: Prognostic level III.

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