scholarly journals Eliciting Preferences for Adult Orthodontic Treatment: A Discrete Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110126
Author(s):  
G.D. Fenton ◽  
M.H.M. Cazaly ◽  
S.L. Rolland ◽  
C.R. Vernazza
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dental Professional

Introduction: There has been little research to explore how adults financially value private orthodontic treatment and whether they have preferences for different attributes of treatment. This study used a discrete choice experiment and aimed to determine whether the recognized skill level of the dental professional and the type of orthodontic appliance influence the values that the public places on private adult orthodontic treatment. Methods: In total, 206 adult patients or the parents/guardians of children attending general dental practices in the northeast of England were recruited to complete a discrete choice experiment. Three attributes were included: the type of dental professional providing treatment, the type of orthodontic appliance, and cost. Also collected were demographic and orthodontic history characteristics. Results were analyzed with conditional logistic regression and elicited marginal willingness to pay (MWTP). Results: Participants value the training and expertise of the dental professional providing private orthodontic treatment greater than the type of orthodontic appliance. MWTP for orthodontic treatment increased in conjunction with the recognized skill level of the dental professional. Participants were willing to pay more for aesthetic appliances over a fixed metal appliance. Conclusions: Participants value the training and expertise of the dental professional providing private adult orthodontic treatment greater than the type of orthodontic appliance. These preferences concur with other discrete choice experiments undertaken in medical specialties that included attributes focusing on the qualification, skill, or expertise of the health care professional. MWTP for orthodontic treatment increased in conjunction with the recognized skill level of the dental professional. Participants were willing to pay more for aesthetic appliances than metal fixed appliances. The cost of orthodontics is significant, and adults appreciate the importance of having options and making choices. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study suggest that patients are willing to pay more for orthodontic services provided by clinicians with higher levels of formal training. In a competitive market where the public appears to prefer the provider over treatment modality, there is an incentive for clinicians to optimize their knowledge and skills to deliver the high-quality orthodontic treatment that patients are demanding. Orthodontic clinicians should be mindful of the demand for the different adult orthodontic appliances and tailor their skill sets accordingly.

scholarly journals Public Preferences for Social Distancing Behaviors to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19: A Discrete Choice Experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Eshun Wilson ◽  
Aaloke Mody ◽  
Ginger McKay ◽  
Mati Hlatshwayo ◽  
Cory Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public

AbstractPolicies to promote social distancing can minimize COVID-19 transmission, but come with substantial social and economic costs. Quantifying relative preferences of the public for such practices can inform policy prioritization and optimize uptake. We used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to quantify relative “utilities” (preferences) for five COVID-19 pandemic social distances strategies (e.g., closure of restaurants, restriction of large gatherings) against the hypothetical risk of acquiring COVID-19 and anticipated income loss. The survey was distributed in Missouri in May-June, 2020. We applied inverse probability sampling weights to mixed logit and latent class models to generate mean preferences and identify preference classes. Overall (n=2,428), the strongest preference was for the prohibition of large gatherings, followed by preferences to keep outdoor venues, schools, and social and lifestyle venues open, 75% of the population showing probable support for a strategy that prohibited large gatherings and closed lifestyle and social venues. Latent class analysis, however revealed four preference sub-groups in the population - “risk eliminators”, “risk balancers”, “altruistic” and “risk takers”, with men twice as likely as women to belong to the risk-taking group. In this setting, public health policies which as a first phase prohibit large gatherings, as well as close social and lifestyle venues may be acceptable and adhered to by the public. In addition, policy messages that address preference heterogeneity, for example by targeting public health messages at men, could improve adherence to social distancing measures and prevent further COVID-19 transmission prior to vaccine distribution and in the event of future pandemics.Significance StatementPreferences drive behavior – DCE’s are a novel tool in public health that allow examination of preferences for a product, service or policy, identifying how the public prioritizes personal risks and cost in relation to health behaviors. Using this method to establish preferences for COVID-19 mitigation strategies, our results suggest that, firstly, a tiered approach to non-essential business closures where large gatherings are prohibited and social and lifestyle venues are closed as a first phase, would be well aligned with population preferences and may be supported by the public, while school and outdoor venue closures may require more consideration prior to a second phase of restrictions. And secondly, that important distinct preference phenotypes - that are not captured by sociodemographic (e.g., age, sex, race) characteristics - exist, and therefore that messaging should be target at such subgroups to enhance adherence to prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Public and decision-maker stated preferences for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions in Iran: an application of the discrete choice experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Afsharmanesh ◽  
Farimah Rahimi ◽  
Leila Zarei ◽  
Farzad Peiravian ◽  
Gholamhossein Mehralian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background The argument about funding criteria poses challenges for health decision-makers in all countries. This study aimed to investigate the public and decision-maker preferences for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions in Iran. Methods A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used for eliciting the preferences of the public and decision-makers. Four attributes including health gain after treatment, the severity of the disease, prevalence of the disease, and monthly out of pocket and relevant levels were designed in the form of hypothetical scenarios. The analysis was done by using conditional logit analysis. Results The results show all of four attributes are important for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions. But a medicine that improves health gain after treatment is more likely to be a choice in subsidy decisions (by relative importance of 28% for public and 42% for decision-makers). Out of pocket, severity, and prevalence of disease subsequently influence the preferences of the public and decision-makers, respectively. The greatest difference is observed in changing the health gain after treatment and out of pocket levels, between public and decision-makers. Conclusion This research reveals that the public is willing and able to provide preferences to inform policymakers for pharmaceutical decision-making; it also sets grounds for further studies.

scholarly journals Society’s View on Autonomous Agriculture: Does Digitalization Lead to Alienation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Olivia Spykman ◽  
Agnes Emberger-Klein ◽  
Andreas Gabriel ◽  
Markus Gandorfer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Societal Preferences

Digital and autonomous technologies enter the agricultural market at an increasing rate, yet little is known about society’s view on this development, although the public is an important stakeholder. By means of a discrete choice experiment (n = 645), societal preferences for different weed control technologies and tractor types of different degrees of autonomy are investigated. The model applied focuses on emotion-related covariates. The results indicate preferences for conventional or autonomous tractors and for methods of weed control that reduce the need for herbicides. Additionally, positive associations with images of robots correlate with the rejection of conventional tractors in the discrete choice experiment.

scholarly journals Public Preferences regarding Data Linkage for Research: A Discrete Choice Experiment comparing Scotland and Sweden

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P Tully ◽  
Cecilia Bernsten ◽  
Mhairi Aitken ◽  
Caroline Mary Vass
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Objective: There are increasing examples of linking data on healthcare resource use and patient outcomes from different sectors of health and social care systems. Linked data are generally anonymised, meaning in most jurisdictions there are no legal restrictions to their use in research conducted by public or private organisations. Secondary use of anonymised linked data is contentious in some jurisdictions but other jurisdictions are known for their use of linked data. The publics’ perceptions of the acceptability of using linked data is likely to depend on a number of factors. This study aimed to quantify the preferences of the public to understand the factors that affected views about types of linked data and its use in two jurisdictions. Method: An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) previously conducted in Scotland was adapted and replicated in Sweden. The DCE was designed, comprising five attributes, to elicit the preferences from a representative sample of the public in both jurisdictions. The five attributes (number of levels) were: type of researcher using linked data (four); type of data being linked (four); purpose of the research (three); use of profit from using linked data (four); who oversees the research (four). Each DCE contained 6 choice-sets asking respondents to select their preferred option from two scenarios or state neither were acceptable. Background questions included socio-demographics. DCE data were analysed using conditional and heteroskedastic conditional logit models to create forecasts of acceptability. Results: The study sample comprised members of the public living in Scotland (n=1,004) and Sweden (n=974). All five attributes were important in driving respondents’ choices. Swedish and Scottish preferences were mostly homogenous with the exception of ‘who oversees the research using linked data’, which had relatively less impact on the choices observed from Scotland. For a defined ‘typical’ linked data scenario, the probability (on average) of acceptance was 85.7% in Sweden and 82.4% in Scotland. Conclusion: This study suggests that the public living in Scotland and Sweden are open to using anonymised linked data in certain scenarios for research purposes but some caution is advisable if the anonymised linked data joins health to non-health data.

scholarly journals Correction to: Eliciting the public preferences for pharmaceutical subsidy in Iran: a discrete choice experiment study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Delpasand ◽  
Alireza Olyaaeemanesh ◽  
Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan ◽  
Akbar Abdollahiasl ◽  
Majid Davari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Estimation of Broad-Scale Tradeoffs in Community Policing Policies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Carson ◽  
Jordan J. Louviere
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Broad Scale

This paper looks at how to measure the tradeoffs in monetary terms that the public is prepared to make with respect to adoption of different community policing options. The approach advanced is a discrete choice experiment in which survey respondents face different policing options which can be described by a set of attributes ranging from costs to outcomes. The main contribution of this paper is to show how to go beyond the usual characterization of the monetized benefits of reducing the level of a specific type of crime to asking the question of whether those benefits differ depending on how that outcome is achieved.

scholarly journals Genomic testing to determine drug response: measuring preferences of the public and patients using Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Najafzadeh ◽  
Karissa M Johnston ◽  
Stuart J Peacock ◽  
Joseph M Connors ◽  
Marco A Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Genomic Testing ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Public managers’ valuation of secondary policy objectives in public procurement – results from a discrete choice experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Lerusse ◽  
Steven Van de Walle
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Procurement Contracts

Governments are increasingly linking public procurement contracts to the attainment of secondary policy objectives. While not challenging the continuing dominance of price, this changes how service providers are selected. This study examines how public managers value environmental, innovative, and social goals against price in the public procurement of waste collection at the municipal level in Belgium. Using a discrete choice experiment, we study public managers’ valuation of secondary policy objectives. Additionally, to extend the external validity of our findings to different administrative structures, the same study has been replicated in three other countries (Norway, Germany, and Estonia). Although price remains crucial, we observe that public managers appear to be willing to pay more to increase the environmental, innovative, and social standards of public services.  

scholarly journals Public Preferences regarding Data Linkage for Research: A Discrete Choice Experiment comparing Scotland and Sweden

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P Tully ◽  
Cecilia Bernsten ◽  
Mhairi Aitken ◽  
Caroline Mary Vass
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Objective: There are increasing examples of linking data on healthcare resource use and patient outcomes from different sectors of health and social care systems (linked data). Linked data are generally anonymised, which means in most jurisdictions there are no legal restrictions to their use in research conducted by public or private organisations. Despite the legality, secondary use of anonymised linked data is contentious in some jurisdictions. In contrast, other jurisdictions are known for their use of linked data. The public’s perceptions of the acceptability of using linked data is likely to depend on a number of factors. This study aimed to quantify the preferences of the public to understand the factors that affected views about types of linked data and its use in two jurisdictions. Method: An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) was designed, comprising five attributes, to elicit the preferences from a representative sample of the public in Sweden and Scotland. The five attributes (number of levels) were: type of researcher using linked- data (four); type of data being linked (four); purpose of the research using linked data (three); use of profit from using linked data (four); who oversees the research using linked data (four). Each DCE contained 6 choice-sets asking respondents to select their preferred option from two scenarios or state neither were acceptable. Background questions included socio-demographics. DCE data were analysed using conditional and heteroskedastic conditional logit models to create forecasts of acceptability. Results: The study sample comprised members of the public living in Scotland (n=1,004) and Sweden (n=974). All attributes were important in driving respondents’ choices. Swedish and Scottish preferences were mostly homogenous with the exception of ‘who oversees the research using linked data’, which had relatively less impact on the choices observed from Scotland. For a defined ‘typical’ linked data scenario, the probability (on average) of acceptance was 85.7% in Sweden and 82.4% in Scotland. Conclusion: This study suggests that the public living in Scotland and Sweden are open to using anonymised linked data in certain scenarios for research purposes but some caution is advisable if the anonymised linked data joins health to non-health data.

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