scholarly journals Ivory Craftsmanship, Trade and Social Significance in the Southern Iberian Copper Age: The Evidence from the PP4-Montelirio Sector of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain)

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo García Sanjuán ◽  
Miriam Luciañez Triviño ◽  
Thomas X. Schuhmacher ◽  
David Wheatley ◽  
Arun Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Southern Iberia

Because of its great potential to provide data on contacts and overseas trade, ivory has aroused a great deal of interest since the very start of research into Iberian late prehistory. Research recently undertaken by the German Archaeological Institute in Madrid in collaboration with a number of other institutions has provided valuable contributions to the study of ivory in the Iberian Copper Age and Early Bronze Age. One of the archaeological sites that is contributing the most data for analysing ivory from the Copper Age in southern Iberia is Valencina de la Concepción (Seville), which is currently the focus of several debates on the development of social complexity. This article contributes to this line of research by providing new, unpublished evidence and by examining the significance of ivory craftsmanship in commercial, social, and ideological terms. It also assesses in greater detail the prominent part played by luxury ivory items as an expression of social status and power.

scholarly journals Rock art and the prehistoric landscape of Galicia: the results of field survey 1992–1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 347-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bradley ◽  
Felipe Criado Boado ◽  
Ramón Fábregas Valcarce
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
North West ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the relationship between the earlier prehistoric pattern of settlement in Atlantic Europe and the creation of rock art. It investigates the organisation of the Copper Age and Early Bronze Age landscape of north-west Spain using the evidence provided by the distribution, siting, and composition of rock carvings. It presents the results of field survey in three sample areas extending from the centre to the outer edge of their distribution. Although these drawings cannot be interpreted as illustrations of daily life, they may have helped to define rights to particular resources in an area which experienced abrupt changes of ground conditions over the course of the year.

scholarly journals Emberi ábrázolás a Változások korában, 4000 és 2000 BC között

2014 ◽  
pp. 113-144
Author(s):  
Tünde Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Cultural Impacts ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
The Bronze Age

Our survey should by necessity begin earlier, from the close of the Middle Age Copper Age, and should extend to much later, at least until the onset of the Middle Bronze Age, in order to identify and analyse the appearance and spread of the cultural impacts affecting the Baden complex, their in-teraction with neighbouring cultures and, finally, their decline or transformation. Discussed here will be the archaeological cultures flourishing between 4200/4000 and 2200/2000 BC, from the late phase of the Middle Copper Age to its end (3600 BC), the Late Copper Age (ending in 2800 BC), the transi-tion between the Copper Age and the Bronze Age (ending in 2600 BC), and the Early Bronze Age 1–3 (ending in 2000 BC), which I have termed the Age of Transformation.

Figurines of the Anatolian Early Bronze Age: the assemblage from Koçumbeli-Ankara

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 85-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Atakuman
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Near East ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Third Millennium Bc

AbstractThrough analysis of a figurine assemblage from the site of Koçumbeli-Ankara, this study aims to re-evaluate the origins, meanings and functions of the Early Bronze Age (third millennium BC) anthropomorphic figurines of Anatolia. Conventional typological approaches to figurines are often focused on their origins and sex; however, such approaches hinder an understanding of the context of the norms of production, display and discard within which the figurines become more meaningful. Following an examination of breakage patterns and the decorative aspects of the Koçumbeli assemblage, a comparative review of figurine find contexts, raw materials and abstraction scales in Anatolia is provided, so that the social concerns underlying the use of these figurines can be explored. It is concluded that the origins of the figurines are difficult to pinpoint, due to the presence of similar items across a variety of regions of the Near East from the later Neolithic onwards. The sex of the figurines is equally ambiguous; while some human sexual features can be discerned, it is difficult to decide whether these features are ‘male’, ‘female’, both or beyond classification. Alternatively, the decoration, breakage and find contexts of the figurines suggest that the imagery was embedded in more complex perceptions of social status, death and social regeneration. The need for materialisation of these concerns in the form of the figurines could be related to the development of a new social landscape of interaction leading to political centralisation by the second millennium BC. Furthermore, the figurines were produced through a meaningful linking of particular raw materials and particular abstraction scales to particular use contexts, which seems to have shifted during the centralisation process.

The Round Graves of Levkas Reconsidered

1975 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Branigan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Social Significance

Dörpfeld's excavations in the Nidhri plain of Levkas have recently been attracting renewed interest which is long overdue. The cemetery of round graves at Steno is not only one of the richest Early Bronze Age sites known in Greece, but also one of the most intriguing, and potentially one of the most informative. It is proposed to examine here three aspects of these graves—their date, the cultural contacts for which they provide evidence, and their social significance.

Reassessing western and central Anatolian Early Bronze Age sealing practices: a case from Boz Höyük (Afyon)

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Michele Massa ◽  
Yusuf Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Administrative Practices

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed investigation of an Early Bronze Age clay sealing from Boz Höyük, a settlement mound located along the Büyük Menderes valley (inland western Anatolia). The artefact, clearly local in manufacture, was employed as a stopper to seal a bottle/flask and impressed with two different stamp seals. These elements are compared to all other published contemporary sealings in western and central Anatolia, in order to understand the degree of complexity of sealing practices in the region. In turn, evidence of Early Bronze Age Anatolian sealing practices is discussed in relation to the available evidence regarding the degree of social complexity in local communities. It is suggested that, during the Early Bronze Age, sealings were employed for product branding rather than control over storage and redistribution of commodities, and only at the beginning of the second millennium BC did the region witness the introduction of complex administrative practices.

scholarly journals Harcosnők klubja? – Specializált társadalmi helyzetű nők a késő rézkor időszakában Magyarországon

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Tünde Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Bell Beaker

This article focus on the status of the woman in the main cultures (Baden complex and Yamna) of the Late Copper Age (3600–2800 BC) and the transitional period (2800–2600 BC). Although the Bell Beaker complex belongs to the Early Bronze Age in Hungary (2500–1900 BC), in European terminologies it is a Late Neolithic culture and belongs to the Reinecke A0 horizon in its late phase, which is why I included it into my research. I identify charismatic people displaying signs of agression in these three culture complexes, whose personalities are associated with warfare. In all three cultures there were women with specialised status: their knowledge, property and profession raised them above the average man and woman.

scholarly journals KAGHSI-2 (KSP046), MEGHRADZOR-1 (KSP059) AND BERDI GLUKH (KSP061) THREE RECENTLY DISCOVERED KURA-ARAXES SITES IN KOTAYK REGION, ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Petrosyan ◽  
Roberto Dan ◽  
Priscilla Vitolo ◽  
Boris Gasparyan ◽  
Andrea Cesaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Materials

The paper deals with the results of the discovery of three new archaeological sites in the Kotayk region of modern Republic of Armenia dated to the 3th millennium BC. The archaeological materials collected during the survey are indeed referable to the Kura-Araxes culture that developed in those areas during the Early Bronze Age. The three sites add important information for the knowledge of central Armenia during the 3th millennium BC.

scholarly journals A Palaeolithic mammoth bone deposit and a Late Copper Age Baden settlement and enclosure. Preliminary report on the rescue excavation at Szurdokpüspöki – Hosszú-dűlő II–III. (M21 site No. 6–7)

2015 ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
Márton Szilágyi ◽  
András Füzesi ◽  
Attila Virág ◽  
Mihály Gasparik
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Age Features ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
Archaeological Sciences

The Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University carried out a rescue excavation at the Szurdokpüspöki – Hosszú-dűlő II-III. site, where Palaeolithic, Late Copper Age, Early Bronze Age and Roman Age features were found. This preliminary report concentrates on the Palaeolithic pit where mammoth bones were deposited and on the special features of the Late Copper Age settlement.

scholarly journals New Perspectives on the Problems of the Exploitation Area and the Prehistoric Use of the Buda Hornstone in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Norbert Faragó ◽  
Réka Katalin Péter ◽  
Ferenc Cserpák ◽  
Dávid Kraus ◽  
Zsolt Mester
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Siliceous Rocks ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

The mountainous areas of the Carpathian basin have provided a wide spectrum of siliceous rocks for prehistoric people. Although the presence of outcrops of a kind of chert, named Buda hornstone was already known by geological and petrographic investigations, the developing Hungarian petroarchaeological research did not pay much attention to this raw material. Its archaeological perspectives have been opened by a discovery made at the Denevér street in western part of Budapest in the 1980s. During the excavations of the flint mine, not much was known about the distribution of this raw material in the archaeological record. Since then the growing amount of archaeological evidences showed that its first significant occurrence in assemblages can be dated to the Late Copper Age Baden culture, and it became more abundant through the Early Bronze age Bell-Beaker culture until the Middle Bronze Age tell cultures. Until now, 15 outcrops of the Buda hornstone have been localised on the surface. Based on thin section examinations taken from two different outcrops, we have made a clear distinction between three variants. In the last few years, archaeological supervision has been conducted during house constructions, suggesting the Buda hornstone occurrence takes the form of a secondary autochthonous type of source. In the framework of our research program, a systematic check of the raw materials is planned in the lithic assemblages of the nearby prehistoric sites, as well as to look for extraction pits or other mining features with the application of geophysical methods and a thorough analysis of the surface morphology

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