Because of its physical, psychological, interpersonal and financial repercussions, post-stroke depression is a sensitive issue facing patients, clinicians and society as a whole. The author highlights some difficulties with respect to research methodology, definition, etiology and treatment as reported in the recent scientific literature. Although this review challenges some notions about etiology and rates of post-stroke depression, suggestions are outlined to help prevent, recognize and treat this disorder, the incidence of which is expected to increase because of the demographic trend of our population towards aging.