scholarly journals Enhanced development of CD4+ γδ T cells in the absence of Itk results in elevated IgE production

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Qi ◽  
Mingcan Xia ◽  
Jianfang Hu ◽  
Elizabeth Hicks ◽  
Archana Iyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
And Function ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractThe Tec kinase Itk is critical for the development of αβ T cells as well as differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th2 cells. Itk null mice have defects in the production of Th2 cytokines; however, they paradoxically have significant elevations in serum IgE. Here we show that Itk null mice have increased numbers of γδ T cells in the thymus and spleen. This includes elevated numbers of CD4+ γδ T cell, the majority of which carry the Vγ1.1 and Vδ6.2/3 γδ T-cell receptor with a distinct phenotype. The development of these CD4+ γδ T cells is T cell intrinsic, independent of either major histocompatibility complex class I or class II, and is favored during development in the absence of Itk. Itk null CD4+ γδ T cells secrete significant amounts of Th2 cytokines and can induce the secretion of IgE by wild-type B cells. Our data indicate that Itk plays important role in regulating γδ T-cell development and function. In addition, our data indicate that the elevated IgE observed in Itk-deficient mice is due in part to the enhanced development of CD4+ γδ T cells in the absence of Itk.

scholarly journals Different composition of the human and the mouse γδ T cell receptor explains different phenotypes of CD3γ and CD3δ immunodeficiencies

2007 ◽  
Vol 204 (11) ◽  
pp. 2537-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle M. Siegers ◽  
Mahima Swamy ◽  
Edgar Fernández-Malavé ◽  
Susana Minguet ◽  
Sylvia Rathmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Γδ T Cell Receptor

The γδ T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) comprises the clonotypic TCRγδ, the CD3 (CD3γε and/or CD3δε), and the ζζ dimers. γδ T cells do not develop in CD3γ-deficient mice, whereas human patients lacking CD3γ have abundant peripheral blood γδ T cells expressing high γδ TCR levels. In an attempt to identify the molecular basis for these discordant phenotypes, we determined the stoichiometries of mouse and human γδ TCRs using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and anti-TCR–specific antibodies. The γδ TCR isolated in digitonin from primary and cultured human γδ T cells includes CD3δ, with a TCRγδCD3ε2δγζ2 stoichiometry. In CD3γ-deficient patients, this may allow substitution of CD3γ by the CD3δ chain and thereby support γδ T cell development. In contrast, the mouse γδ TCR does not incorporate CD3δ and has a TCRγδCD3ε2γ2ζ2 stoichiometry. CD3γ-deficient mice exhibit a block in γδ T cell development. A human, but not a mouse, CD3δ transgene rescues γδ T cell development in mice lacking both mouse CD3δ and CD3γ chains. This suggests important structural and/or functional differences between human and mouse CD3δ chains during γδ T cell development. Collectively, our results indicate that the different γδ T cell phenotypes between CD3γ-deficient humans and mice can be explained by differences in their γδ TCR composition.

scholarly journals αβ-T Cells Engineered to Express γδ-T Cell Receptors Can Kill Neuroblastoma Organoids Independent of MHC-I Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Josephine G. M. Strijker ◽  
Ronja Pscheid ◽  
Esther Drent ◽  
Jessica J. F. van der Hoek ◽  
Bianca Koopmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Organization Analysis ◽  
Αβ T Cells

Currently ~50% of patients with a diagnosis of high-risk neuroblastoma will not survive due to relapsing or refractory disease. Recent innovations in immunotherapy for solid tumors are highly promising, but the low MHC-I expression of neuroblastoma represents a major challenge for T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we propose a novel T cell-based immunotherapy approach for neuroblastoma, based on the use of TEG002, αβ-T cells engineered to express a defined γδ-T cell receptor, which can recognize and kill target cells independent of MHC-I. In a co-culture killing assay, we showed that 3 out of 6 neuroblastoma organoids could activate TEG002 as measured by IFNγ production. Transcriptional profiling showed this effect correlates with an increased activity of processes involved in interferon signaling and extracellular matrix organization. Analysis of the dynamics of organoid killing by TEG002 over time confirmed that organoids which induced TEG002 activation were efficiently killed independent of their MHC-I expression. Of note, efficacy of TEG002 treatment was superior to donor-matched untransduced αβ-T cells or endogenous γδ-T cells. Our data suggest that TEG002 may be a promising novel treatment option for a subset of neuroblastoma patients.

scholarly journals Activation-induced Modification in the CD3 Complex of the γδ T Cell Receptor

2002 ◽  
Vol 196 (10) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Hayes ◽  
Karen Laky ◽  
Dalal El-Khoury ◽  
Dietmar J. Kappes ◽  
B.J. Fowlkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Subunit Composition ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Functional Consequences

The T cell antigen receptor complexes expressed on αβ and γδ T cells differ not only in their respective clonotypic heterodimers but also in the subunit composition of their CD3 complexes. The γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) expressed on ex vivo γδ T cells lack CD3δ, whereas αβ TCRs contain CD3δ. While this result correlates with the phenotype of CD3δ−/− mice, in which γδ T cell development is unaffected, it is inconsistent with the results of previous studies reporting that CD3δ is a component of the γδ TCR. Since earlier studies examined the subunit composition of γδ TCRs expressed on activated and expanded peripheral γδ T cells or γδ TCR+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, we hypothesized that activation and expansion may lead to changes in the CD3 subunit composition of the γδ TCR. Here, we report that activation and expansion do in fact result in the inclusion of a protein, comparable in mass and mobility to CD3δ, in the γδ TCR. Further analyses revealed that this protein is not CD3δ, but instead is a differentially glycosylated form of CD3γ. These results provide further evidence for a major difference in the subunit composition of αβ- and γδ TCR complexes and raise the possibility that modification of CD3γ may have important functional consequences in activated γδ T cells.

Flexible migration program regulates γδ T-cell involvement in humoral immunity

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 3693-3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlène Brandes ◽  
Katharina Willimann ◽  
Alois B. Lang ◽  
Ki-Hoan Nam ◽  
Chenggang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Migration Program ◽  
And Function

Abstractγδ T cells are inadequately defined both in terms of their migration potential and contribution to antimicrobial immunity. Here, we have examined the migration profile of human blood γδ T cells and related cell lines and correlated these findings with their distribution in secondary lymphoid tissues and their function in B-cell cocultures. We find that resting γδ T cells are characterized by an inflammatory migration program similar to cells of the innate immune system. However, T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering resulted in the rapid but transient induction of a lymph node (LN)-homing program, as evidenced by functional CCR7 expression and concomitant reduction in expression and function of CCR5 and, to a lesser degree, CCR2. Moreover, the LN-homing program was reflected by the presence of γδ T cells in gastrointestinal lymphoid tissues, notably in clusters within germinal centers of B-cell follicles. In line with these findings, VγVδ-TCR triggering resulted in prominent expression of essential B-cell costimulatory molecules, including CD40L, OX40, CD70, and ICOS. Furthermore, γδ T cells were shown to provide potent B-cell help during in vitro antibody production. Collectively, our findings agree with a role for γδ T cells in humoral immunity during the early phase of antimicrobial responses. (Blood. 2003; 102:3693-3701)

scholarly journals Development of all CD4 T lineages requires nuclear factor TOX

2008 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinaz Aliahmad ◽  
Jonathan Kaye
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
T Cell Receptor Signaling ◽  
Killer T Cells ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Cell Receptor Signaling

CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper/inducer T cells develop from common thymocyte precursors that express both CD4 and CD8 molecules. Upon T cell receptor signaling, these cells initiate a differentiation program that includes complex changes in CD4 and CD8 expression, allowing identification of transitional intermediates in this developmental pathway. Little is known about regulation of these early transitions or their specific importance to CD4 and CD8 T cell development. Here, we show a severe block at the CD4loCD8lo transitional stage of positive selection caused by loss of the nuclear HMG box protein TOX. As a result, CD4 lineage T cells, including regulatory T and CD1d-dependent natural killer T cells, fail to develop. In contrast, functional CD8+ T cells develop in TOX-deficient mice. Our data suggest that TOX-dependent transition to the CD4+CD8lo stage is required for continued development of class II major histocompatibility complex–specific T cells, regardless of ultimate lineage fate.

scholarly journals Splenic γδ T Cells Regulated by CD4+ T Cells Are Required To Control Chronic Plasmodium chabaudi Malaria in the B-Cell-Deficient Mouse

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2717-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri C. van der Heyde ◽  
Joan M. Batchelder ◽  
Matyas Sandor ◽  
William P. Weidanz
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Chabaudi ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Time Courses

ABSTRACT Little is known about the function and regulation of splenic γδ T cells during chronic Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. The splenic γδ T-cell population continues to expand, reaching levels equal to 4 times the number of splenocytes in an uninfected mouse. Splenic γδ T cells from JH −/− mice with chronic malaria expressed Vγ1+ or Vδ4+ in the same ratio as uninfected controls with Vγ1 cells dominating, but the Vγ2 ratio declined about twofold. γδ T cells from G8 mice specific for the TL antigen increased only 2-fold in number, compared with 10-fold in BALB/c controls, but G8 γδ T cells failed to express the B220 activation marker. Elimination of the parasite by drug treatment caused a slow depletion in the number of splenic γδ, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. Following challenge, drug-cured JH −/− mice exhibited nearly identical parasitemia time courses as naïve controls. Depletion of either CD4+ T cells or γδ T cells from chronically infected JH −/− mice by monoclonal antibody treatment resulted in an immediate and significant (P < 0.05) exacerbation of parasitemia coupled with a marked decrease in splenic γδ T-cell numbers. The number of CD4+ T cells, in contrast, did not decrease in mice after anti-T-cell receptor γδ treatment. The results indicate that cell-mediated immunity against blood-stage malarial parasites during chronic malaria (i) requires the continued presence of blood-stage parasites to remain functional, (ii) is dependent upon both γδ T cells and CD4+ T cells, and (iii) lacks immunological memory.

scholarly journals Characterization of Adaptive-like γδ T Cells in Ugandan Infants during Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Jessica Tuengel ◽  
Sanya Ranchal ◽  
Alexandra Maslova ◽  
Gurpreet Aulakh ◽  
Maria Papadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Age Dependent

Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are unconventional T cells that help control cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in adults. γδ T cells develop early in gestation, and a fetal public γδ T cell receptor (TCR) clonotype is detected in congenital CMV infections. However, age-dependent γδ T cell responses to primary CMV infection are not well-understood. Flow cytometry and TCR sequencing was used to comprehensively characterize γδ T cell responses to CMV infection in a cohort of 32 infants followed prospectively from birth. Peripheral blood γδ T cell frequencies increased during infancy, and were higher among CMV-infected infants relative to uninfected. Clustering analyses revealed associations between CMV infection and activation marker expression on adaptive-like Vδ1 and Vδ3, but not innate-like Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cell subsets. Frequencies of NKG2C+CD57+ γδ T cells were temporally associated with the quantity of CMV shed in saliva by infants with primary infection. The public γδ TCR clonotype was only detected in CMV-infected infants <120 days old and at lower frequencies than previously described in fetal infections. Our findings support the notion that CMV infection drives age-dependent expansions of specific γδ T cell populations, and provide insight for novel strategies to prevent CMV transmission and disease.

Characterization of ascites- and tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells reveals distinct repertoires and a beneficial role in ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (577) ◽  
pp. eabb0192
Author(s):  
Emelie Foord ◽  
Lucas C. M. Arruda ◽  
Ahmed Gaballa ◽  
Charlotte Klynning ◽  
Michael Uhlin
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Tcr Diversity ◽  
Functional Features

The role of γδ T cells in antitumor immunity has been under investigation for the past two decades, but little is known about their contribution to clinical outcomes in patients. Here, we set out to define the clonotypic, phenotypic, and functional features of γδ T cells in peripheral blood, ascites, and metastatic tumor tissue from patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of the γ chain revealed that tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells have a unique and skewed repertoire with high TCR diversity and low clonality. In contrast, ascites-derived γδ T cells presented a lower TCR diversity and higher clonality, suggesting a TCR-dependent clonal focusing at this site. Further investigation showed that tumor samples had abundant γδ T cells with a tissue-resident, activation-associated phenotype, less usage of Vγ9 and an impaired response to adaptive-associated stimuli, implying an innate-like activation pathway, rather than an adaptive TCR-engaging pathway, at these tumor sites. Furthermore, high γδ T cell cytokine responsiveness upon stimulation was associated with a favorable outcome for patients in terms of both overall survival and reduced residual tumor burden after primary surgery. Last, the functionality of γδ T cells and patient survival were negatively affected by the proportions of CD39-expressing T cells, highlighting the potential of CD39 as a target to improve γδ T cell responses and unleash their antitumor capabilities.

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