A Negative D-dimer Excludes Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis: Results of a Multicentre Management Study.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 698-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Bates ◽  
Clive Kearon ◽  
Susan Kahn ◽  
Jim A. Julian ◽  
Mark A. Crowther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Suspected Recurrence ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract The high frequency of residual radiologic abnormalities after initial deep vein thrombosis (DVT) makes management of patients with suspected recurrence difficult. D-dimer (DD) and serial compression ultrasonography (CUS) of the proximal veins have a high sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) in suspected first DVT. We hypothesized that it would be safe to withhold anticoagulation in patients with suspected recurrence who had a negative sensitive DD or negative serial CUS when DD testing was positive. In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients underwent DD testing with an immunoturbidometric assay (MDA DD). If the DD was negative (<0.5 ug fibrinogen equivalent units [FEU]/mL), patients had no further testing. If the DD was positive, CUS was performed and, if normal, repeated after 1–3 and 7–10 days. Patients with a positive DD and abnormal CUS at presentation were managed as per their treating physician. Patients were followed for 3 months to detect venous thromboembolism (VTE) and suspected VTE were adjudicated centrally. Of the 504 patients enrolled in this study, 14 were subsequently deemed ineligible and 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The overall prevalence of confirmed recurrent DVT at presentation or during follow-up was 17%. 230 patients had a negative DD at presentation and, of the 227 evaluable patients, 4 had definite confirmed VTE (NPV of DD = 98%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 96–99%). Of the 135 patients with a positive DD and normal initial CUS, serial CUS was negative in 129 cases. Of these patients, 3 had definite VTE during follow-up (NPV of serial CUS in patients with positive DD = 98%; 95% CI, 93–99%). These results suggest that a negative MDA DD result excludes clinically significant recurrent DVT and that anticoagulants can also be safely withheld in patients with negative serial CUS, even if their DD is positive. This simple diagnostic approach can be used to safely manage approximately 70% of patients with suspected recurrent DVT.

D-Dimers, Thrombin Antithrombin III Complexes and Prothrombin Fragments 1 + 2: Diagnostic value in Clinically Suspected Deep Vein Thrombosis

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-032 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Boneu ◽  
G Bes ◽  
H Pelzer ◽  
P Sié ◽  
H Boccalon
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
High Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Mercury Strain Gauge

SummaryThis study was performed to determine the accuracy of D-Dimer fibrin derivatives, thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes and prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 (F 1 + 2) determinations for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). One hundred and sixteen consecutive patients referred to the angiology unit of our hospital for a clinically suspected DVT were investigated. They were submitted to mercury strain gauge plethysmography and to ultrasonic duplex scanning examination; in cases of inconclusive results or of proximal DVT (n = 35), an ascending phlebography was performed. After these investigations were completed, the diagnosis of DVT was confirmed in 34 and excluded in 82. One half of the patients were already under anticoagulant therapy at the time of investigation. The 3 biological markers were assayed using commercially available ELISA techniques and the D-Dimer was also assayed with a fast latex method. The normal distribution of these markers was established in 40 healthy blood donors. The most accurate assay for the diagnosis of DVT was the D-Dimer ELISA which had both a high sensitivity (94%) and a high negative predictive value (95%). The D-Dirner latex, TAT complexes and F 1 + 2 were far less sensitive and provided negative predictive values which ranged between 78 and 85%. In spite of positive and significant correlations between the levels of ihe 3 markers, their association did not improve their overall accuracy for detecting D\/L Therefore, with the exception of the D-Dimer ELISA, these markers were of little value for the diagnosis of DVT in this specific population.

scholarly journals Safety of a strategy combining D-dimer testing and whole-leg ultrasonography to rule out deep vein thrombosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 5002-5010
Author(s):  
Synne G. Fronas ◽  
Camilla T. Jørgensen ◽  
Anders E. A. Dahm ◽  
Hilde S. Wik ◽  
Jostein Gleditsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Pretest Probability ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Compression Ultrasonography ◽  
High Pretest Probability

Abstract Guidelines for the diagnostic workup of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) recommend assessing the clinical pretest probability before proceeding to D-dimer testing and/or compression ultrasonography (CUS) if the patient has high pretest probability or positive D-dimer. Referring only patients with positive D-dimer for whole-leg CUS irrespective of pretest probability may simplify the workup of DVT. In this prospective management outcome study, we assessed the safety of such a strategy. We included consecutive outpatients referred to the Emergency Department at Østfold Hospital, Norway, with suspected DVT between February 2015 and November 2018. STA-Liatest D-Di Plus D-dimer was analyzed for all patients, and only patients with levels ≥0.5 µg/mL were referred for CUS. All patients with negative D-dimer or negative CUS were followed for 3 months to assess the venous thromboembolic rate. One thousand three hundred ninety-seven patients were included. Median age was 64 years (interquartile range, 52-73 years), and 770 patients (55%) were female. D-dimer was negative in 415 patients (29.7%) and positive in 982 patients (70.3%). DVT was diagnosed in 277 patients (19.8%). Six patients in whom DVT was ruled out at baseline were diagnosed with DVT within 3 months of follow-up for a thromboembolic rate of 0.5% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.2). A simple diagnostic approach with initial stand-alone D-dimer followed by a single whole-leg CUS in patients with positive D-dimer safely ruled out DVT. We consider this strategy to be a valuable alternative to the conventional workup of DVT in outpatients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02486445.

scholarly journals P001: Age-adjusted D-dimer and two-site compression point of care ultrasonography to rule out acute deep vein thrombosis - a pilot study

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S57-S57
Author(s):  
K. Alqaydi ◽  
J. Turner ◽  
L. Robichaud ◽  
D. Hamad ◽  
X. Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Duplex Scan ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Wells Score ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Rule Out

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Currently, few methods aside from venous duplex scanning can rule out DVT in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). Current screening tools, including the use of the subjective Wells score, frequently leads to unnecessary investigations and anticoagulation. In this study, we sought to determine whether two-site compression point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) combined with a negative age-adjusted D-dimer test can accurately rule out DVT in ED patients irrespective of the modified Wells score. Methods: This is a single-center, prospective observational study in the ED of the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal. We are recruiting a convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED with symptoms suggestive of DVT. All enrolled patients are risk-stratified using the modified Wells criteria for DVT, then undergo two-site compression POCUS, and testing for age-adjusted D-dimer. Patients with DVT unlikely according to modified Wells score, negative POCUS and negative age-adjusted D-dimer are discharged home and receive a three-month phone follow-up. Patients with DVT likely according to modified Wells score, a positive POCUS or a positive age-adjusted D-dimer, will undergo a venous duplex scan. A true negative DVT is defined as either a negative venous duplex scan or a negative follow-up phone questionnaire for patients who were sent home without a venous duplex scan. Results: Of the 42 patients recruited thus far, the mean age is 56 years old and 42.8% are male. Twelve (28.6%) patients had DVT unlikely as per modified Wells score, negative POCUS and negative age-adjusted D-dimer and were discharged home. None of these patients developed a DVT on three-month follow-up. Thirty patients (71.4%) had either a DVT likely as per modified Wells score, a positive POCUS or a positive age-adjusted D-dimer and underwent a venous duplex scan. Of those, six patients had a confirmed DVT (3 proximal & 3 distal). POCUS detected all proximal DVTs, while combined POCUS and age-adjusted D-dimer detected all proximal and distal DVTs. None of the patients with a negative POCUS and age-adjusted D-dimer were found to have a DVT. Conclusion: Two-site compression POCUS combined with a negative age-adjusted D-dimer test appears to accurately rule out DVT in ED patients without the need for follow-up duplex venous scan. Using this approach would alleviate the need to calculate the Wells score, and also reduce the need for radiology-performed duplex venous scan for many patients.

scholarly journals Residual Vein Thrombosis Echogenicity Is Associated to the Risk of DVT Recurrence: A Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna M. Mazetto ◽  
Fernanda L. A. Orsi ◽  
Sandra A. F. Silveira ◽  
Luis F. Bittar ◽  
Mariane M. C. Flores-Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Predictive Markers ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer

Although deep vein thrombosis (DVT) recurrence is a common late complication of the disease, there are few predictive markers to risk-stratify patients long-term after the thrombotic event. The accuracy of residual vein thrombosis (RVT) in this context is controversial, possibly due to a lack of a standardized methodology. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of RVT echogenicity as a predictive marker of late DVT recurrence. To evaluate the accuracy of RVT echogenicity as a predictive marker of late DVT recurrence. This prospective study included patients with history of DVT in the past 33 months. Ultrasound examination was performed to detect the presence of RVT, and its echogenicity was determined by calculating the grayscale median (GSM) of the images. Blood samplings were taken for plasma D-dimer levels. Patients were followed-up for 28 months and the primary end point was DVT recurrence. Deep vein thrombosis recurrence was confirmed or excluded by ultrasound during the follow-up. Fifty-six patients were included, of which 10 presented DVT recurrence during the follow-up. D-dimer levels above 630 ng/mL conferred higher risk for recurrence with a negative predictive value of 94%. The absence of RVT was a protective marker for recurrence with a negative predictive value of 100%. Also, the presence of hypoechoic RVT, determined by GSM values below 24, positively predicted 75% of DVT recurrences. Our results suggest that the persistence of RVT and, particularly, the presence of hypoechoic thrombi (GSM < 24) are predictive markers of the risk of DVT recurrence. Residual vein thrombosis echogenicity, by GSM analysis, could represent a new strategy for the evaluation of recurrence risk in patients with DVT.

scholarly journals Russian Experience in Rational Thromboprophylaxis in Traumatology and Orthopaedics

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Firsov ◽  
A. G. Levshin ◽  
R. P. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Deep Vein

Analysis of safety and efficacy of the currently marked peroral anticoagulants was performed in long term follow up of patients after large joints arthroplasty. Total number of 5025 patients after total knee arthroplasty and 5216 patients after total hip arthroplasty were examined. All patients were divided into groups depending on the prescribed anticoagulant. The course of anticoagulant therapy made up 35 days and 6 weeks after surgery, respectively. US examination of the veins of lower extremities was performed to all patients prior to and on day 5 after operation. In patients on Dabigatran the rate of clinically significant deep vein thrombosis was lower than in group of patients on Rivaroxaban and Apixaban, but the rate of postoperative hematomas in lust two groops was higher.

scholarly journals Soluble p-selectin, D-dimer, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 48S-55S ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gremmel ◽  
Cihan Ay ◽  
Daniela Seidinger ◽  
Ingrid Pabinger ◽  
Simon Panzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer

Effects of rosuvastatin as an adjuvant treatment for deep vein thrombosis

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique María San Norberto ◽  
María Victoria Gastambide ◽  
James Henry Taylor ◽  
Irene García-Saiz ◽  
Carlos Vaquero
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Rosuvastatin Group ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract. Background: Statins have been reported to help prevent the development and the recurrence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of rosuvastatin plus a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), bemiparin, with conventional LMWH therapy in the treatment of DVT. Patients and methods: In total, 234 patients were randomized into two groups, 116 in the LMWH group and 118 in the statin plus LMWH group. All patients underwent lower limb duplex ultrasound and analytic markers at diagnosis and three months of follow-up. The final analysis included 230 patients. Results: No significant differences were observed in D-dimer levels after three months of follow-up between patients treated with LMWH+rosuvastatin compared to the LMWH group (802.51 + 1062.20 vs. 996.25 + 1843.37, p = 0.897). The group of patients treated with statins displayed lower levels of CRP (4.17 + 4.27 vs. 22.39 + 97.48, p = 0.018) after three months of follow-up. The Villalta scale demonstrated significant differences between groups (3.45 + 6.03 vs. 7.79 + 5.58, p = 0.035). There was a significant decrease in PTS incidence (Villalta score> 5) in the rosuvastatin group (38.3 % vs. 48.5%, p = 0.019). There were no differences in EuroQol score between groups. Conclusions: Adjuvant rosuvastatin treatment in patients diagnosed of DVT improve CRP levels and diminish PTS incidence.

Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging (MRDTI) As a Novel Tool in the Diagnosis of Acute Ipsilateral Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Melanie Tan ◽  
Gerben C Mol ◽  
Marcel A Van de Ree ◽  
Cornelis J Van Rooden ◽  
Robin E Westerbeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Acute Thrombosis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Thrombus Imaging ◽  
Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Abstract 395 Background Accurate diagnostic assessment of suspected acute ipsilateral recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is of high clinical importance, however discriminating residual thrombosis from acute recurrent DVT may be challenging. It is known that in 32% of the patients with a suspected acute ipsilateral recurrent DVT the ultrasound examination are non-conclusive. Despite this, patients were treated with indefinite anticoagulant therapy, indicating overtreatment in this group of patients (Tan M et al. J Thromb Haemost 2010). A non-invasive MR technique (Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging (MRDTI), without need for intravenous contrast agent, showed high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing a first acute DVT (Fraser et al Ann Intern Med 2002). Furthermore the high signal associated with acute thrombosis was not detected 6 months after the initial acute thrombosis, making MRDTI potential relevant for distinguishing a recurrent DVT from a residual thrombosis (Westerbeek RE et al J Thromb Haemost 2008). This study evaluated the accuracy of MRDTI in patients with an acute ipsilateral recurrent DVT and patients with residual thrombosis. Patients/Methods In total 84 patients were enrolled. Of these, 42 consecutive patients had an acute ipsilateral recurrent DVT according to the current ultrasound examination standards in combination with a positive D-dimer test (≥ 500 μg/L); all patients were treated with anticoagulants. Furthermore, 42 patients were without acute signs and symptoms, however had a residual thrombosis on ultrasound examination in combination with a negative D-dimer test (< 500 μg/L). All patients received a MR examination within 48 hours of presentation. MR images were assessed in a blinded fashion by two radiologists. Sensitivity, specificity and interobserver variability were calculated. Results The images of two patients with ipsilateral recurrent DVT were not interpretable, one patient had a knee prosthesis that gave artifacts and in the other patient not the venous system of interest was imaged. The images of 40 patients with an ipsilateral recurrent DVT and of 42 patients with residual thrombosis were fully interpretable. Sensitivity was 86% (95% CI, 71 –94%) and specificity was 100% (95% CI, 89–100%) for MRDTI by the first observer; sensitivity was 88% (95% CI, 74–96%) and specificity was 100% (89–100%) by the second observer. The interobserver agreement between both observers was excellent, with a kappa statistics of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92 – 1.0). Conclusion Our study shows reasonable sensitivity and very good specificity figures with an excellent observer agreement for imaging an ipsilateral recurrent DVT and residual thrombosis with MRDTI. The sensitivity is somewhat lower than expected; a reason could be that patients with inconclusive ultrasounds were considered as acute recurrent thrombosis by the attending physician, while in fact they had a residual thrombosis. We conclude that MRDTI has good potential in distinguishing a residual thrombosis from an acute recurrent DVT and could therefore be of high value for the diagnosis of patients with suspected acute ipsilateral recurrent DVT. This should however be further evaluated in a management outcome study in which treatment decisions are based on the results of MR. Acknowledgment This study was supported by the Netherlands Heart Foundation (grant no. 2007B146) Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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