Transient Ex Vivo Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) By Small-Molecule Inhibitors Enhances Their Migratory Responsiveness to Bone Marrow (BM)-Secreted Chemoattractants a Novel and Simple Strategy to Improve Homing of HSPCs

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4272-4272
Author(s):  
Mateusz Adamiak ◽  
Joseph B Moore IV ◽  
John Zhao ◽  
Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail ◽  
Marcin Wysoczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibitors ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Abstract Background . Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress-response enzyme that not only catalyzes the degradation of heme (e.g., released from erythrocytes) but also has an important function in various physiological and pathophysiological states associated with cellular stress, such as ischemic/reperfusion injury. HO-1 has a well-documented anti-inflammatory potential and inhibits complement cascade (ComC)-mediated inflammatory responses. Moreover, HO-1 has been reported to have a negative effect on adhesion and migration of neutrophils in acute inflammation in a model of peritonitis. Radiation chimeras created after transplantation with HSPCs having a mutation in one of the alleles of HO-1 engrafted much faster; however, a persistent decrease in HO-1 activity in these animals resulted in their enhanced sensitivity to stress and susceptibility to irradiation (Blood 2008, 112, 4494-4502). Moreover, we recently demonstrated that HO-1-deficient HSPCs show enhanced in vitro migration up an SDF-1 gradient (Stem Cell Rev & Rep. 2015, 11, 110-118). Hypothesis. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that transient inhibition of HO-1 by non-toxic, small-molecule inhibitors would enhance in vivo migration of HSPCs to bone marrow (BM)-derived chemoattractants and thus would facilitate their homing and accelerate hematopoietic recovery Materials and Methods . To address this issue, we first generated several human hematopoietic cell lines in which HO-1 was upregulated or downregulated. We also exposed murine and human BM-derived cells to small-molecule inhibitors or activators of HO-1 and performed dose and timing toxicity studies. Next, murine BM mononuclear cells (MNCs) and human umbilical cord blood (UCB) MNCs were exposed to the small-molecule HO-1 inhibitor Sn(IV) protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPP) and tested for their chemotactic response in Transwell migration assays to all currently known HSPC chemoattractants, including stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), and the extracellular nucleotides ATP and UTP. For in vivo assays, lethally irradiated mice were transplanted with BM MNCs exposed or not exposed to SnPP, and in recipient animals we evaluated i) the number of day-12 colony-forming units in spleen (CFU-S) and colony-forming units for granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitors in BM and ii) the kinetics of peripheral blood (PB) count recovery by measuring the number of leucocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets. We also performed competitive repopulation studies with a limited number of transplanted BM MNCs using the CD45.1 and CD45.2 congenic mouse models. Results and Conclusions . We demonstrate here that HO-1 is a negative regulator of HSPC migration, and thus, by transiently inhibiting its activity in HSPCs with the non-toxic small-molecule inhibitor (SnPP), it is possible to accelerate homing and subsequent engraftment of HSPCs. We propose that this simple and inexpensive strategy could be employed in the clinical setting to improve seeding efficiency of transplanted HSPCs and their engraftment, particularly in those situations in which the number of HSPCs available for transplant is limited (e.g., from UCB or grafts harvested from poor mobilizers). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Transcription factor Gfi-1 induced by G-CSF is a negative regulator of CXCR4 in myeloid cells

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 2276-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De La Luz Sierra ◽  
Paola Gasperini ◽  
Peter J. McCormick ◽  
Jinfang Zhu ◽  
Giovanna Tosato
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Cxcr4 Expression ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

The mechanisms underlying granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)–induced mobilization of granulocytic lineage cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood remain elusive. We provide evidence that the transcriptional repressor growth factor independence-1 (Gfi-1) is involved in G-CSF–induced mobilization of granulocytic lineage cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood. We show that in vitro and in vivo G-CSF promotes expression of Gfi-1 and down-regulates expression of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor essential for the retention of hematopoietic stem cells and granulocytic cells in the bone marrow. Gfi-1 binds to DNA sequences upstream of the CXCR4 gene and represses CXCR4 expression in myeloid lineage cells. As a consequence, myeloid cell responses to the CXCR4 unique ligand SDF-1 are reduced. Thus, Gfi-1 not only regulates hematopoietic stem cell function and myeloid cell development but also probably promotes the release of granulocytic lineage cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood by reducing CXCR4 expression and function.

STAT5 promotes multilineage hematolymphoid development in vivo through effects on early hematopoietic progenitor cells

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Snow ◽  
Ninan Abraham ◽  
Melissa C. Ma ◽  
Nancy W. Abbey ◽  
Brian Herndier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Signal Transducers ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Proliferation Activity

The transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) is activated by numerous cytokines that orchestrate blood cell development. Multilineage peripheral blood cytopenias were observed in adult mice lacking both isoforms of STAT5 (STAT5A and STAT5B) as well as accelerated rates of apoptosis in the bone marrow. Although the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population was preserved in a number of these mice, the post-HSC progenitor populations were diminished and a marked reduction in functional progenitors (spleen colony-forming units) was detected. Competitive bone marrow transplantation studies in vivo revealed a profound impairment of repopulation potential of STAT5-null HSCs, leading to complete lack of contribution to the myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid lineages. These abnormalities were associated with heightened proliferation activity in the HSC fraction, suggesting the action of homeostatic mechanisms to maintain sufficient levels of diverse blood cell types for viability. Thus, STAT5 normally sustains the robust hematopoietic reserve that contributes to host viability through crucial survival effects on early progenitor cells.

Stem Cell Factor Sall4 Regulates Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis In an Isoform-Specific Manner

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3728-3728
Author(s):  
Samuel Milanovich ◽  
Jeremy Allred ◽  
Jonathan Peterson ◽  
Cary Stelloh ◽  
Sridhar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Empty Vector ◽  
Bmi1 Expression ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Colony Forming Capacity

Abstract Stem cells play key roles in early normal development (e.g. embryonic stem cells (ESCs)), maintenance of adult organs (e.g. hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) and in some cancers (e.g. leukemia stem cells). To what degree these different types of stem cells rely upon shared versus distinct transcriptional programs remains controversial. Sall4 is a zinc finger transcription factor that exists in two distinct splice isoforms, Sall4a (long) and Sall4b (short). Sall4 has been implicated in embryonic, hematopoietic and malignant stem cell transcriptional regulation. Additionally, Sall4 has been proposed as a potential means of ex-vivo hematopoietic stem cell expansion prior to transplantation. Sall4 isoform-specific differences have been described in ESCs, with Sall4b shown to be critical for maintaining ESC “stemness”. Here we investigate the role of Sall4 isoforms in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and murine hematopoiesis to unravel shared versus unique transcriptional programs across different stem cell types. Quantitative real time PCR shows that Sall4b is the predominant Sall4 isoform in murine HSCs and lin-, Sca1+, cKit+ (LSK) cells. Sall4b expression decreases in early lineage-committed progenitors, while Sall4a expression is minimal to absent across murine HSCs and progenitors. Next, we evaluated seven pediatric AML samples and found highly variable Sall4 expression across AML cases. All samples had measurable Sall4a and Sall4b; in 3/7 cases Sall4a and Sall4b expression was similar to that of ESCs, in the other 4 cases Sall4 expression was minimal (<3% of ESCs). To study overexpression of Sall4, we used a murine stem cell retrovirus system to express Sall4a or Sall4b. Bone marrow was harvested from C57/BL6 mice and lineage-committed cells were removed by magnetic column separation. Lineage-negative bone marrow was infected with either empty vector, Sall4a or Sall4b. Transduced bone marrow was then cultured in methylcellulose media to assess colony forming capacity and proliferation in vitro or transplanted in syngeneic mice to assess engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution in vivo. Sall4a or Sall4b overexpression caused diminished colony forming capacity and cellular proliferation in vitro compared to bone marrow transduced with empty vector (Figure 1). In bone marrow transplant assays, all mice (4/4) transplanted with Sall4b-transduced bone marrow following lethal irradiation succumbed to bone marrow failure within 10 days of transplant. Transplantation of Sall4b-transduced bone marrow into sublethally irradiated mice failed to contribute to hematopoiesis as measured by peripheral blood leukocyte GFP expression (encoded by the viral vector). Together, this data shows that Sall4b-transduced hematopoietic cells fail to engraft and reconstitute hematopoiesis in vivo. We postulated that this phenotype might be mediated through the interaction of Sall4 with Bmi1. Bmi1 is a member of the polycomb complex necessary for normal hematopoiesis, and is known to be bound by Sall4. In preliminary experiments, we have found that overexpression of Sall4 leads to decreased Bmi1 expression at 48 hours post-infection compared to bone marrow infected with empty vector.Figure 1Lin- bone marrow expressing Sall4a, Sall4b or empty vector was cultured in methylcellulose; plates were flushed and replated out to three generations. Colony forming units were assessed (A) and viable cells were counted (B) after 7-10 days in culture.Figure 1. Lin- bone marrow expressing Sall4a, Sall4b or empty vector was cultured in methylcellulose; plates were flushed and replated out to three generations. Colony forming units were assessed (A) and viable cells were counted (B) after 7-10 days in culture. In conclusion, our data shows that Sall4b is expressed in murine hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, suggesting that Sall4b but not Sall4a influences a hematopoietic cell fate. Additionally, Sall4 expression is variable in AML specimens, implicating a potential pathogenic role in some leukemias, while others are Sall4-independent. Lastly, Sall4 overexpression is associated with decreased expression of the critical hematopoietic gene Bmi1. Together this data suggests that hematopoiesis is dependent upon appropriately regulated Sall4 expression with alterations leading to impaired proliferation and self-renewal. These effects on hematopoiesis appear to be mediated at least in part through a dose-dependent effect on Bmi1 expression. Future studies will evaluate other genes targeted by Sall4 in hematopoiesis and leukemia to define Sall4-dependent gene signatures in normal versus malignant hematopoiesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Sqstm1 Is Required to Retain Hematopoietic Stem Cell/ Progenitors As a Negative Regulator of Macrophage-Dependent Inflammatory Signaling in the Bone Marrow Osteoblastic Niche

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hee Chang ◽  
Amitava Sengupta ◽  
Ramesh C Nayak ◽  
Angeles Duran ◽  
Sang Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
P Retention

Abstract In the bone marrow (BM), hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSC/P) reside in specific anatomical niches. Among these niches, a functional osteoblast (Ob)-macrophage (MΦ) niche has been described where Ob and MΦ (so called "osteomacs") are in direct relationship. A connection between innate immunity surveillance and traffic of hematopoietic stem cells/progenitors (HSC/P) has been demonstrated but the regulatory signals that instruct immune regulation from MΦ and Ob on HSC/P circulation are unknown. The adaptor protein sequestosome 1 (Sqstm1), contains a Phox bemp1 (PB1) domain which regulates signal specificities through PB1-PB1 scaffolding and processes of autophagy. Using microenvironment and osteoblast-specific mice deficient in Sqstm1, we discovered that the deficiency of Sqstm1 results in macrophage contact-dependent activation of Ob IKK/NF-κB, in vitro and in vivo repression of Ccl4 (a CCR5 binding chemokine that has been shown to modulate microenvironment Cxcl12-mediated responses of HSC/P), HSC/P egress and deficient BM homing of wild-type HSC/P. Interestingly, while Ccl4 expression is practically undetectable in wild-type or Sqstm1-/- Ob, primary Ob co-cultured with wild-type BM-derived MΦ strongly upregulate Ccl4 expression, which returns to normal levels upon genetic deletion of Ob Sqstm1. We discovered that MΦ can activate an inflammatory pathway in wild-type Ob which include upregulation of activated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), IκB kinase (IKK), nuclear factor (NF)-κB and Ccl4 expression through direct cell-to-cell interaction. Sqstm1-/- Ob cocultured with MΦ strongly upregulated p-IKBα and NF-κB activity, downregulated Ccl4 expression and secretion and repressed osteogenesis. Forced expression of Sqstm1, but not of an oligomerization-deficient mutant, in Sqstm1-/- Ob restored normal levels of p-IKBα, NF-κB activity, Ccl4 expression and osteogenic differentiation, indicating that Sqstm1 dependent Ccl4 expression depends on localization to the autophagosome formation site. Finally, Ob Sqstm1 deficiency results in upregulation of Nbr1, a protein containing a PB1 interacting domain. Combined deficiency of Sqstm1 and Nbr1 rescues all in vivo and in vitro phenotypes of Sqstm1 deficiency related to osteogenesis and HSC/P egression in vivo. Together, this data indicated that Sqstm1 oligomerization and functional repression of its PB1 binding partner Nbr1 are required for Ob dependent Ccl4 production and HSC/P retention, resulting in a functional signaling network affecting at least three cell types. A functional ‘MΦ-Ob niche’ is required for HSC/P retention where Ob Sqstm1 is a negative regulator of MΦ dependent Ob NF-κB activation, Ob differentiation and BM HSC/P traffic to circulation. Disclosures Starczynowski: Celgene: Research Funding. Cancelas:Cerus Co: Research Funding; P2D Inc: Employment; Terumo BCT: Research Funding; Haemonetics Inc: Research Funding; MacoPharma LLC: Research Funding; Therapure Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion: Research Funding; New Health Sciences Inc: Consultancy.

Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) Is a Novel Negative Regulator of Normal and Malignant Hematopoietic Cell Trafficking

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2150-2150
Author(s):  
Mateusz Adamiak ◽  
Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail ◽  
Joseph B Moore ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Latif ◽  
Marcin Wysoczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Cell Trafficking ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Background . Cell migration is a crucial process regulating the homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), the trafficking of immune cells, and the metastatic spread of leukemic cells. Several factors have been described that promote cell migration, but very little is known about how this process is negatively controlled. Since inflammation triggers the release of several factors (including chemokines, bioactive lipids, extracellular nucleotides, and complement cascade cleavage fragments) that enhance chemotaxis or chemokinesis of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells, we became interested in the physiological mechanisms that limit these pro-migratory effects. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme that is upregulated in response to inflammation and tissue injury. It degrades extracellular as well as intracellular heme and is a known negative regulator of inflammation. Hypothesis . We hypothesized that one of the anti-inflammatory effects of HO-1 is negative regulation of cell trafficking, and HO-1 could negatively affect both mobilization and homing of normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and the spread of malignant cells. Materials and Methods . To address this question, we performed several complementary experiments to evaluate the role of HO-1 in hematopoietic cell trafficking. First, we evaluated the mobilization of normal HSPCs in HO-1-deficient (HO-1-/-) mice and studied the responsiveness of hematopoietic cells from these mice to major HSPC chemoattractants (SDF-1, S1P, C1P, and ATP). Next, we downregulated or upregulated expression of HO-1 in established human hematopoietic cell lines (K-562, Raji, Jurkat, Nalm6) and studied the effect of changes in HO-1 expression on the migration of these cells. Finally, in in vitro and in vivo experimental models, we employed small-molecule activators and inhibitors of HO-1 and modulated the expression of p38 MAPK, which inhibits HO-1 expression in normal and leukemic cells. Results . In all experimental strategies employed, genetic deficiency or downregulation of HO-1 activity by shRNA or small-molecule inhibitors correlated with enhanced motility of hematopoietic cells. HSPCs after exposure to small-molecule HO-1 inhibitors homed and engrafted better after transplantation into normal animals and HO-1-deficient mice were found to be easy mobilizers. By contrast, upregulation of HO-1 in hematopoietic cell lines by HO-1-overexpressing vectors or small-molecule activators or inhibiting p38 MAPK activity resulted in decreased cell migration. Accordingly, overexpression of HO-1 in leukemic cells before injection into immune-deficient mice decreased their seeding efficiency and spread into BM and other organs. Conclusions . Our studies demonstrate for the first time the pivotal role of HO-1 in regulating the trafficking of hematopoietic cells. These results are significant for developing more efficient mobilization and homing strategies for normal HSPCs and for controlling the migration and spread of leukemic cells. Since small-molecule modifiers of HO-1 activity are available to be employed in patients, these observations open up new therapeutic possibilities. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals HIF-1α is a negative regulator of plasmacytoid DC development in vitro and in vivo

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (15) ◽  
pp. 3001-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Weigert ◽  
Benjamin Weichand ◽  
Divya Sekar ◽  
Weixiao Sha ◽  
Christina Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate hematopoiesis in the embryo and maintain hematopoietic stem cell function in the adult. How hypoxia and HIFs contribute to hematopoietic lineage differentiation in the adult is ill defined. Here we provide evidence that HIF-1 limits differentiation of precursors into plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Low oxygen up-regulated inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) and suppressed Flt3-L–induced differentiation of bone marrow cells to pDCs in wild-type but not HIF-1αfl/fl LysM-Cre bone marrow cells. Moreover, pDC differentiated normally in hypoxic ID2−/− bone marrow cultures. Finally, we observed elevated pDC frequencies in bone marrow, blood, and spleen of HIF-1αfl/fl LysM-Cre and ID2−/−, but not HIF-2αfl/fl LysM-Cre mice. Our data indicate that the low oxygen content in the bone marrow might limit pDC development. This might be an environmental mechanism to restrict the numbers of these potentially autoreactive cells.

scholarly journals Donor-Derived Myeloid Heme Oxygenase-1 Controls the Development of Graft-Versus-Host Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Spilleboudt ◽  
Virginie De Wilde ◽  
Philippe Lewalle ◽  
Ludovic Cabanne ◽  
Mathieu Leclerc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Graft Versus Host

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major clinical drawback of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Here, we investigated how the stress responsive heme catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by HMOX1) regulates GVHD in response to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice and humans. We found that deletion of the Hmox1 allele, specifically in the myeloid compartment of mouse donor bone marrow, promotes the development of aggressive GVHD after allogeneic transplantation. The mechanism driving GVHD in mice transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow lacking HO-1 expression in the myeloid compartment involves enhanced T cell alloreactivity. The clinical relevance of these observations was validated in two independent cohorts of HSCT patients. Individuals transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells from donors carrying a long homozygous (GT)n repeat polymorphism (L/L) in the HMOX1 promoter, which is associated with lower HO-1 expression, were at higher risk of developing severe acute GVHD as compared to donors carrying a short (GT)n repeat (S/L or S/S) polymorphism associated with higher HO-1 expression. In this study, we showed the unique importance of donor-derived myeloid HO-1 in the prevention of lethal experimental GVHD and we corroborated this observation by demonstrating the association between human HMOX1 (GT)n microsatellite polymorphisms and the incidence of severe acute GVHD in two independent HSCT patient cohorts. Donor-derived myeloid HO-1 constitutes a potential therapeutic target for HSCT patients and large-scale prospective studies in HSCT patients are necessary to validate the HO-1 L/L genotype as an independent risk factor for developing severe acute GVHD.

Hematopoietic stem cells with controllable tEpoR transgenes have a competitive advantage in bone marrow transplantation

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 3710-3715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Kirby ◽  
William Walton ◽  
Oliver Smithies
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Erythropoietin Receptor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Myeloid Progenitor ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Abstract In a previous study, it was found that a truncated erythropoietin receptor transgene (tEpoR tg) enables multilineage hematopoietic progenitor amplification after treatment with erythropoietin (epo) in vitro and in vivo. This study used competitive bone marrow (BM) repopulation to show that tEpoR tg facilitates transplantation by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Individual multilineage colonies, committed myeloid progenitor colonies, and lymphoid colonies (pre-B colony-forming units) were grown from the marrow of animals 6 months after they received a 50/50 mixture of transgene and wild-type BM cells. In epo-treated recipients, the transgene-bearing cells significantly outcompeted the wild-type cells (84%-100% versus 16%-0%, respectively). In recipients treated with phosphate-buffered saline, the repopulation was minimally different from the donor mixture (49%-64% transgene versus 51%-36% wild-type). The epo-induced repopulation advantage is maintained in secondary transplants. In addition, neither accelerated HSC depletion nor uncontrollable proliferation occurred during epo-stimulated serial transplants of transgene-containing BM. Thus, the tEpoR tg functions in a benign fashion in HSC and allows for a significant and controllable repopulation advantage in vivo without excessive HSC depletion relative to wild-type BM.

An In Vivo Functional Screen Identifies miRNA-150 As a Regulator of Hematopoietic Regeneration Post Chemotherapeutic Injury

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2333-2333
Author(s):  
Brian D. Adams ◽  
Shangqin Guo ◽  
Haitao Bai ◽  
Changchun Xiao ◽  
E. Premkumar Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic Recovery ◽  
Expression Construct

Abstract Abstract 2333 . MicroRNAs are important regulators of many hematopoietic processes, yet little is known with regard to the role of microRNAs in controlling normal hematopoietic regeneration. The most common methodology for in vivo microRNA studies follows a hypothesis-driven candidate approach. Here, we report the establishment of an unbiased, in vivo, microRNA gain-of-function screen, and the identification of miR-150 as a negative regulator of hematopoietic recovery post chemotherapeutic challenge. Specifically, a retroviral-library consisting of 135 hematopoietic-expressed microRNAs was generated, with each expression construct containing a barcode sequence that can be specifically recognized using a novel bead-based platform. Hematopoietic-stem-and-progenitor-cell (HSPC)-enriched wild-type bone marrow was transduced with this library and transplanted into lethally-irradiated recipients. Analysis of peripheral blood samples from each recipient up to 11 weeks post transplantation revealed that 87% of the library barcodes are reliably detected. To identify microRNAs that regulate hematopoietic regeneration after chemotherapy-induced injury, we measured the change in barcode abundance for specific microRNA constructs after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) challenge. Notably, a small number of barcodes were consistently depleted in multiple recipient mice after treatment. Among the top hits was the miR-150-associated barcode, which was selected for further experimentation. Indeed, overexpression of miR-150 in a competitive environment resulted in significantly lower recovery rates for peripheral myeloid and platelet populations after 5-FU treatment, whereas the effects on B- and T-cells were milder. Furthermore, full recovery of these cell populations did not occur until ∼12 weeks after treatment, suggesting the involvement of HSPCs and/or common lineage progenitors. Conversely, knocking out miR-150 led to an opposite phenotype, with platelets and myeloid cells displaying faster recovery in both competitive and non-competitive settings. Interestingly, we could not observe the described effects of miR-150 in bone marrow primary cell cultures, suggesting that such effects cannot be recapitulated in vitro. Overall, these data indicate that miR-150 is a novel regulator of hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapeutic-induced injury, and highlight the important role of microRNAs in the intrinsic wiring of the hematopoietic regeneration program. Our experiments also demonstrate the feasibility and power of functional in vivo screens for studying normal hematopoietic functions, which can become an important tool in the hematology field. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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