scholarly journals Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia and the Philadelphia Chromosome

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. FITZGERALD ◽  
ANGELA ADAMS ◽  
FREDERICK W. GUNZ
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Chromosome Abnormality ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
The One ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Very High

Abstract Twelve patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia were examined for the presence of the Ph1 chromosome abnormality at various stages of their disease. The abnormality was demonstrated either in the blood or marrow of all patients. Patients in relapse showed very high numbers of Ph1-positive mitoses in both blood and marrow; those in remission showed relatively few or no positives in the blood but sizeable numbers in the marrow. There was a positive correlation between the degrees of abnormality of blood and marrow on the one hand, and the percentage of Ph1-positive mitoses on the other. Direct examination of the marrow for the demonstration of the Ph1 appeared of particular value in the acute phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia. It seemed likely that therapy depressed the number of abnormal (Ph1-positive) mitoses. There was, however, no evidence that these ever disappeared from the marrow, even in complete remission. The findings presented and those in the literature did not make it possible to decide in what way the Ph1 chromosome abnormality is related to the onset of leukemia.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy of the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia: hypodiploidy and response to therapy

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Canellos ◽  
VT DeVita ◽  
J Whang-Peng ◽  
BA Chabner ◽  
PS Schein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Blast Cell ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blastic Phase ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract Thirty-two patients in the blastic phase of Philadelphia chromosome- positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) were studied in a prospective randomized trial in which vincristine--prednisone (19 patients) was compared with cytosine arabinoside--6-thioguanine (13 patients). Seven remissions (37%), including two complete remissions, were achieved in the vincristine--prednisone group. Three of the five with predominant hypodiploid blast cell lines treated with vincristine-- prednisone had complete or partial remissions. Both complete remitters presented with hypodiploidy consisting of 44 chromosomes. Four patients (30%) who were treated with cytosine arabinoside--6-thioguanine responded with one complete remission. The median survival of the responders was 8 mo, as compared to 1--2 mo for the nonresponders. Crossover to the opposite regimen as secondary therapy following refractoriness or resistance resulted in only 3 partial responses out of 21 treated. All three had previously responded to vincristine-- prednisone. Of the 32 cases, 14 had an elective splenectomy during the chronic phase of the disease. Prior splenectomy did not influence the response to chemotherapy, as all three complete remitters occurred in the nonsplenectomized group. Similarly, survival in the blastic phase was not affected by prior splenectomy.

scholarly journals The Relationship of the Basophil to Blood Histamine in Man

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM N. VALENTINE ◽  
JOHN S. LAWRENCE ◽  
MORTON LEE PEARCE ◽  
WILLIAM S. BECK
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histamine Content ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Very High

Abstract Data are presented correlating 22 determinations of the histamine content of blood in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia with (1) the basophils (2) the other myeloid granulocytes. Expressing the histamine in each case on the basis of the amount in 108 granulocytes, there is a readily evident positive correlation with the basophil percentage and a negative correlation with the percentage of other myeloid elements. This is strikingly apparent in instances where blood with a very high percentage of basophils was analyzed. The data indicate that in chronic granulocytic leukemia, the basophil is predominantly and, perhaps exclusively, responsible for the marked elevations in blood histamine. Inferentially, it appears probable that this cell type, though small in numbers, may be the principal carrier of histamine in non-leukemic blood.

scholarly journals Chronic granulocytic leukemia: cytogenetic conversion of the bone marrow with cycle-specific chemotherapy

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
RV Smalley ◽  
J Vogel ◽  
CM Jr Huguley ◽  
D Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Sixteen patients with Ph1-positive chronic granulocytic leukemic (CGL) were entered on a pulsing chemotherapy program consisting of cytosine arabinoside 100 mg/sq m/day X 5 and thioguanine 100 mq/sq m/day X 5 every 21 days in an attempt to convert the Ph1-positive marrow to a Ph1- negative state and thereby achieve a complete remission. Twelve patients had an adequate trail of drug treatment, and ten of these had adequate chromosome examinations. There were two “conversions,” one of which was maintained for 5+ mo, while the other was transient. The program was unacceptable, however, to most patients due to intolerable nausea and vomiting. Thus a prospective chemotherapeutic attempt to convert a Ph1-positive marrow without splenectomy has induced a conversion in two of ten patients. Other regimens which might induce less nausea and vomiting and a higher rate of conversions should be sought in future attempts to alter the invariably fatal outcome of CGL.

scholarly journals Chronic granulocytic leukemia: cytogenetic conversion of the bone marrow with cycle-specific chemotherapy

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
RV Smalley ◽  
J Vogel ◽  
CM Jr Huguley ◽  
D Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract Sixteen patients with Ph1-positive chronic granulocytic leukemic (CGL) were entered on a pulsing chemotherapy program consisting of cytosine arabinoside 100 mg/sq m/day X 5 and thioguanine 100 mq/sq m/day X 5 every 21 days in an attempt to convert the Ph1-positive marrow to a Ph1- negative state and thereby achieve a complete remission. Twelve patients had an adequate trail of drug treatment, and ten of these had adequate chromosome examinations. There were two “conversions,” one of which was maintained for 5+ mo, while the other was transient. The program was unacceptable, however, to most patients due to intolerable nausea and vomiting. Thus a prospective chemotherapeutic attempt to convert a Ph1-positive marrow without splenectomy has induced a conversion in two of ten patients. Other regimens which might induce less nausea and vomiting and a higher rate of conversions should be sought in future attempts to alter the invariably fatal outcome of CGL.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy of the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia: hypodiploidy and response to therapy

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1009
Author(s):  
GP Canellos ◽  
VT DeVita ◽  
J Whang-Peng ◽  
BA Chabner ◽  
PS Schein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Blast Cell ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blastic Phase ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Thirty-two patients in the blastic phase of Philadelphia chromosome- positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) were studied in a prospective randomized trial in which vincristine--prednisone (19 patients) was compared with cytosine arabinoside--6-thioguanine (13 patients). Seven remissions (37%), including two complete remissions, were achieved in the vincristine--prednisone group. Three of the five with predominant hypodiploid blast cell lines treated with vincristine-- prednisone had complete or partial remissions. Both complete remitters presented with hypodiploidy consisting of 44 chromosomes. Four patients (30%) who were treated with cytosine arabinoside--6-thioguanine responded with one complete remission. The median survival of the responders was 8 mo, as compared to 1--2 mo for the nonresponders. Crossover to the opposite regimen as secondary therapy following refractoriness or resistance resulted in only 3 partial responses out of 21 treated. All three had previously responded to vincristine-- prednisone. Of the 32 cases, 14 had an elective splenectomy during the chronic phase of the disease. Prior splenectomy did not influence the response to chemotherapy, as all three complete remitters occurred in the nonsplenectomized group. Similarly, survival in the blastic phase was not affected by prior splenectomy.

Intensive chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and autologous marrow transplantation for chronic granulocytic leukemia-blast phase: report of four additional cases.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Phillips ◽  
G P Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Intensive Chemotherapy ◽  
Blast Phase ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Four patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in blast phase received cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation, and autologous marrow transplants using cryopreserved marrow from the stable phase. Two patients fully reestablished stable-phase leukemia that lasted for 26 and six months; the first patient developed transient Ph1-negative hematopoiesis after transplantation. Three patients eventually died of recurrent blast-phase leukemia. Previous studies using autologous marrow for CGL have reported an occasional long survivor, but incomplete engraftment and especially the rapid recurrence of blast-phase leukemia have been responsible for the overall poor results. The latter problem complicates even normal marrow transplantation, indicating the inadequacy of the current therapeutic regimens used for treating blast-phase leukemia and the possibility of improving results with more effective regimens and autologous marrow transplantation. Although it is unknown whether the reestablishment of Ph1-negative hematopoiesis after transplantation contributes to improved survival, this interesting phenomenon must be investigated further.

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