Various concentric-ring patterns formed in a water-anode glow discharge operated at atmospheric pressure

Pattern formation is a very interesting phenomenon formed above a water anode in atmospheric pressure glow discharge. Up to now, concentric-ring patterns only less than four rings have been observed in experiments. In this paper, atmospheric pressure glow discharge above a water anode is conducted to produce diversified concentric-ring patterns. Results indicate that as time elapses, the number of concentric rings increases continuously and up to five rings have been found in the concentric-ring patterns. Moreover, the ring number increases continuously with increasing discharge current. The electrical conductivity of the anode plays an important role in the transition of the concentric patterns due to its positive relation with ionic strength. Hence, the electrical conductivity of the water anode is investigated as a function of time and discharge current. From optical emission spectrum, gas temperature and intensity ratio related with density and temperature of electron have been calculated. The various concentric-ring patterns mentioned above have been simulated at last with an autocatalytic reaction model.

Transverse Instability of Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves in Magnetized Dusty Plasma composed of Vortex-like Distribution Ions

The dynamical behaviors of dusty plasma can be described by a (3+1)-dimensional modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation (mZKE) when the distribution of ions is vortex-like. The critical stable conditions for the line solitons are obtained by the linear stability analysis, which are also confirmed by the nonlinear dynamic evolution. An interesting phenomenon is found from the numerical results, maybe the first time, that the unstable line solitons of the mZKE will evolve into one or more completely localized soliton(s) after a long time evolution. Subsequently, we numerically studied the collision process of two line solitons. The results show that two stable line solitons can restore to their original states. However, if one of the two solitons or both of them are unstable, one or more completely localized solitons will appear during the collision. The results indicate that there are both elastic and inelastic collisions between line solitons.

Investigation of photoelectric behaviors of silver sulfide particles in different surroundings

Photocurrent of Ag2S particles decreases in alcohol gases or with CuPc coating and increases in CS2. This interesting phenomenon is explained through a model of gas adsorption.

FL code-switching in the L1 environment among early-aged monolingual learners: a pilot study

Code-switching has recently become an interesting phenomenon to study because it is a part of the developmental processes, as well as the result of the use of, and exposure to, multiple languages. For this reason, code-switching usually occurs during foreign language teaching and learning, “especially when studying English based on the different backgrounds and reasons” (Yusuf, 2009). Accordingly, code-switching can be examined from various viewpoints such as the form, location, patterns, conditions, and functions, in relation to the use or the roles of the L1 and L2 or FL in the classroom, the former being most often referred to. This paper aims to determine the conditions for the use of code-switching in a quite different situation, namely, among very young learners conceived of as monolinguals who happen to switch to English (FL) in the L1 classroom environment. The article opens with a brief characterization of code-switching, defining its most frequent forms and functions, and a description of bilingual and monolingual code-switching contexts, an emphasis being put on the role of L1 in the language adaptation process and switching. The study, composed of a questionnaire distributed among 5 kindergarten teachers in public kindergartens in Poland, has shown bits and pieces of code-switching to be observed among four groups of Polish children (early-aged monolinguals), and their “linguistic behaviors” on a daily basis in the kindergarten classroom. What has been hinted at ranges from the exact situations of switching to language samples, presented according to age, and possible reasons for the current state of affairs.

KCl-CaCO3 nanoclusters armored with Pt Nanocrystals for Enhanced Electro-driven Tumor Inhibition

Electrodynamic therapy (EDT) has recently emerged as an alternative approach for tumor therapy via generating ROS by platinum (Pt) nanoparticles under electric field. An interesting phenomenon observed during EDT is...

Beer in Antiquity, Antiquity in Beer?

Modern breweries taking inspiration from ancient cultures appear as a quite interesting phenomenon, because beer is absent from the current imaginarium about the ancient Greeks and Romans. Yet it was not unknown to them, as demonstrated by the survey of sources in the first part of the text. Actually, some brewers today are aware of the beverage’s presence in ancient literature and use this knowledge in the naming of their products. Others decide on less direct references, to some historical or mythical characters. Some producers do not limit themselves to names of their brews, but also attempt to reconstruct the ancient drinks. In the second (main) part of the article several cases of each type are presented, together with an analysis of methods of the references’ presentation and explanation to the consumer. Also, some observations are made about the reasons why breweries decide to use ancient themes at all.

Internet methodology - difficulties and opportunities offered by the Internet in conducting research. Analysis of the phenomenon in the light of the literature on the subject

Aim. A theoretical review of the opportunities and functions of the application enabling the creation of internet surveys. Assessment of their use in accordance with own opinion and the analysis of the literature on the subject.Methods. Analysis of the literature on the subject and a summary of the description of the survey conducted on the basis of a questionnaire examining the interesting phenomenon of e-methodology and an opinion on distance learning. The authors analysed the advantages and disadvantages of the tools used in online research. The aforementioned experiences of the researchers refer to the experience gained during research on e-methodology.Results and conclusion. The interest in this medium as a tool for social and psychological research has been growing rapidly in the last ten years. The very rapid development of technology that has taken place during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to easilyconduct a research survey using the network, which can easily replace any labour-intensive data collection through inquiry. In addition, many different tools and techniques have been created that use the so-called “Global spider web” in conducting my own research. Theresearcher abandons direct contact with the respondent and devotes himself to the analysis of the phenomenon that interests him by analysing the given Internet environment, social groups that express themselves on a given topic or share their work on specifi c problems. However, the global network is not only a chance for good, innovative approach to research, but also threats and related difficulties. One of the most important weaknesses of the network is the fact that we can never be sure who is on the other end of the computer.Cognitive value. Presentation of new ways of conducting scientific research via the network, presenting my own analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the e-methodology phenomenon. Analysing the phenomenon of internet methodology, welearn that the tendency to participate in internet research is increasing. However, motivation to participate in internet research is not always sufficient, as mentioned by many researchers. There are many ways to infl uence the attractiveness of the research and the motivation to participate in the research. Thanks to this article, we also learn that it is still necessary to conduct further methodological research on increasing the effectiveness of Internet research and minimising errors associated with it. The issues presented in this article reflect the current methodological knowledge. We can predict that as the Internet grows and new technical opportunities emerge - such as video-enabled applications, among others - new methodological issues will arise that may be of interest to researchers.

Isotherapic of Culex on the biological cycle of the mosquito Culex sp

Introduction: Culex is an insect of the family Culicidae. It occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. It is known as the domestic mosquito. Their larvae develop in stagnant and dirty water, with plenty of organic matter. Some species of the insect such as Culex quinquefasciatus transmit the worms (helminths) called Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis or Elephantiasis. Aims: Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of isotherapic of Culex on the biological cycle of this insect. Material and Method: The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Homeopathy at the State University of Maringa in the period from March 26 to December 31, 2007. Fifteen larvae of Culex sp. the same stage of development (Stage I) were used in the experiment with Isopathy of Culex sp. Was added 200 microliters of the dilutions of isotherapic 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 30cH in each flask containing 30 mL of water and 15 larvae of Culex sp. The control consisted of 30 mL of water and 200 mL of 5% alcohol. The flasks were covered by tissue "toule"-type to prevent the dispersal of adult insects. The dilutions were produced according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (1987) [1]. Were determined: average number of larvae, pupae and mosquitoes during the cycle of the insect. Results and Discussion: The presence of Culex isotherapic in the growth solution presented complex responses. Some dilution caused positive responses (3, 6, 9, 12 and 18cH) in the average number of larvae (Figure 1). Dilution 18cH apparently caused a protective effect, and somehow minimized the negative influence of the environment, or protect the larvae from unfavorable abiotic conditions. Dilutions 6, 18 and 24 cH, instead, caused adverse effect on larval and pupa survival, but positive when we consider the objective of this work. There is an interesting phenomenon when evaluating the biological responses in living according to the dilution used. The alternation of rises and falls in the physiological variables as a function of dilution were observed by several authors [2-5]. It behavior is not explained by science, but it is believed to be related to the rhythmic nature movement [6,7] and also with the law of similarity occurring between dilution and the organism that receives it. Thus, the physiological function of the dilutions in the same drug are often cyclical and not linear. Conclusion: The results of this experiment suggest that some dilution may be used in studies to control the mosquito Culex sp.

Investigation of the vertical structure of the lower atmosphere during heat wave conditions

<p>The research on heat waves is strongly motivated by their impacts on human<br />life and the economy. Consequently, less research has been done on the<br />state of the lower atmosphere as a whole during these extreme events,<br />although it may play a role in the formation and persistence of heat<br />waves. Miralles et al. (2014) show that different factors must come<br />together to produce extremes such as the pronounced heat waves<br />in the year 2003 in France and 2010 in Russia. One interesting phenomenon<br />in this context is the emergence of an unusually deep boundary layer. The aim<br />of this work is to analyse whether this feature is a common trait of European<br />heat waves in general. To this end, we systematically investigate the vertical<br />structure and evolution of the lower atmosphere during heat waves in the<br />time period from 2014 to 2018. COSMO-REA6 data is used to find heatwaves<br />and provides vertical profiles of the atmosphere which we also compare<br />to radio sonde measurements. The results of our work could possibly be<br />used to improve the discriminability of different severity levels of heat waves or to<br />formulate a heat wave measure that is not based solely on surface variables.</p>

The 3-D Image of The Temperature Integral And Its Self-Similarity

How to derive the accurate value of temperature integral is a vital problem for the non-isothermal kinetic analysis. In the past six decades, researchers provided various methods to solve above problem, but the error usually becomes divergent when the value of x (x=Ea/RT) is too small or too large, no matter whether it is a numerical method or an approximation method. In this paper, we present a new series method and elaborately design a computer program to calculate the value of temperature integral. Finally, we reveal the mysterious relationship between the integral, the temperature and the activation energy, and we find an extremely interesting phenomenon that the 3-D image of the temperature integral is of self-similarity according to the fractal theory.