scholarly journals Anti-Heparin Activity of Lysosomal Cationic Proteins from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUSSAIN I. SABA ◽  
HAROLD R. ROBERTS ◽  
JOHN C. HERION
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Enzymatic Action ◽  
Heparin Activity ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Generation Test

Abstract The lysosomal cationic proteins (LCP) of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes have previously been shown to inhibit the formation of intrinsic prothrombin activator. That they also have anti-heparin activity is now demonstrated in a thrombin-plasma clotting system, the partial thromboplastin time test and the thromboplastin generation test. In thrombin clotting systems that contain antithrombin, LCP exhibit a clot-promoting effect. This activity does not appear to represent inhibition of antithrombin II or III or potentiation of the enzymatic action of thrombin. Rather it may be a direct effect on fibrinogen, or the reactions leading to fibrin formation.

Rôle of Thrombin in Prothrombin Activation

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 484-488
Author(s):  
W. H Seegers ◽  
H Schröer ◽  
D Heene
Keyword(s):  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Autoprothrombin C ◽  
Generation Test ◽  
Prothrombin Activation

SummaryThe partial thromboplastin time and purified thrombin were used to demonstrate the procoagulant power of thrombin. Only 0.007 μg of thrombin could be detected in prothrombin activation. Traces of thrombin and autoprothrombin C can fully account for the generation of procoagulant activity in the thromboplastin generation test. Inactivation of these two activities by antithrombin explains the disappearance of the procoagulant power in that test, so that there now remains no valid demonstration of the existence of plasma thromboplastin or of anti-plasma thromboplastin.

scholarly journals POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN IMMUNOLOGIC REACTIONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Cochrane ◽  
Barbara S. Aikin
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Vascular Basement Membrane ◽  
Arthus Phenomenon ◽  
Immunologic Reactions

Vascular basement membrane was disrupted in the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) during two immunologic reactions: The Arthus phenomenon and the reaction to locally injected antibody to vascular basement membrane. This disruption was evidenced by (a) the inability of the basement membrane to retain circulating carbon, by (b) loss of antigenic constituents, and by (c) electron microscopic observation showing actual gaps in the structure of the vascular basement membrane. The factors within PMN's responsible for damage to isolated glomerular basement membrane in vitro were found by isolation procedures to be cathepsins D and E. Cationic proteins of PMN's were separable from the cathepsins. While inducing vascular permeability upon injection, these basic proteins failed to inflict the severe damage to the basement membrane observed in Arthus and antibasement membrane reactions. It is concluded that the full expression of these immunologic lesions requires destruction of the basement membrane possibly brought about by cathepsins D and E. Some of the physicochemical properties of these pathologically active leukocytic factors are given.

Time test

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
L. N. Tarasova ◽  
E. Yu. Savinykh ◽  
G. K. Platonov ◽  
L. L.N. Tonin ◽  
O. I. Rechkin
Keyword(s):  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Therapy Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Time Test

The data on standardization of the activated partial thromboplastin time test all over the world and in Russia are given. The method is used as a screening one and it is of importance for revealing disorders in the first coagulation phase (hemophilia diagnosis) and heparinotherapy control. Two lyophilized forms of partial thromboplastin made of cadaverine raw materials are developed. Their specificity in revealing hemophilia, therapy control by heparin fit for a year is confirmed. The diagnosticum of one of them is a basis of the kit for determining the activated partial thromboplastin time. The possibility of its use not only in performing the test by test tube methods but as well by semiautomatic and automatic machines.

Ultrastructural localization of cationic proteins in cytoplasmic granules of chicken and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
E.K. Macrae ◽  
J.K. Spitznagel
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Electron Dense Deposit ◽  
Dense Deposit ◽  
Neutrophilic Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver

Cytoplasmic granules known to contain cationic arginine-rich proteins can be identified by the ammoniacal silver reaction (ASR) which provides a cytochemical marker detectable under the electron microscope. Only the large rod-shaped granules of the chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes (heterophils) and the large spherical azurophilic granules of the rabbit neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes show the ASR product as a discrete particulate electron-dense deposit. The other smaller granules are devoid of reaction product, as are membranes and mitochondria. The intracellular localization of the ASR product, as are membranes and mitochondria. The intracellular localization of the ASR product on the large granules coincides with the ASR product localization on the same isolated granule populations, when the ammoniacal silver reaction is applied to these granules after their separation by sucrose-density gradients. The cationic proteins may have intraleukocytic bacteriolytic properties, since ASR product, presumably indicating cationic protein from discharged granules, appears to surround ingested bacteria within cytoplasmic phagosomes.

Use of Micro Partial Thromboplastin Time Test

JAMA ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. H. Britten
Keyword(s):  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Time Test

scholarly journals Experience with an Amidolytic Heparin Assay Method

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Teien ◽  
U. Abildgaard ◽  
K. Gjesdal ◽  
A. H. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Heparin Activity ◽  
Time Test

The amidolytic method using Xa, purified antithrombin III(At-III) and the chromogenic substrate Bz-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA(S-2222 from KABI, Stockholm, Sweden) measures heparin down to a concentration of 0.010 U/ml plasma. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by adding heparin to plasma samples from 10 normals and 10 patients, to concentrations of 0.05 and 0.5 U/ml. The results indicated that the content was assayed more accurately than by existing clotting assays. The precision was 5 and 2 per cent of the mean value at the two heparin concentrations, respectively. The concentrations of platelet factor 4 and At-III in test plasma had some influence on the result at low heparin concentrations. The “error” due to At-III, however, may be corrected by a simple formula. Heparinized plasma(containing less than about 15 000 platelets/μl) could be kept at 0 – 4 °c for 24 hours before assay, kept frozen and thawed repeatedly without significant loss of heparin activity.In plasma from patients on heparin prophylaxis with 5 000 U twice daily, heparin was detected in 98 per cent of the samples (range 0.010 – 0.241 U/ml).The present assay method reflects heparin concentration more directly than the activated partial thromboplastin time test and the thrombin clotting time test. In order to investigate to what extent these three tests mirror the clinical effects of heparin (therapeutic response and bleeding complications) a collaborative study involving 14 hospitals has been started.

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