scholarly journals Failure to detect evidence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and type II in blood donors with isolated gag antibodies to HTLV-I/II

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Lal ◽  
DL Rudolph ◽  
JE Coligan ◽  
SK Brodine ◽  
CR Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gag Protein ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Env Protein ◽  
Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay ◽  
Immunodominant Epitopes

Abstract Of the 267,650 blood donations from members of the US armed forces, 72 (0.027%) were serologically confirmed to be positive for human T- lymphotropic virus type I/II (HTLVpos) and 379 (0.14%) were Western blot (WB)-indeterminate with banding pattern restricted to the proteins encoded by the gag gene only (HTLVind). To determine whether these apparently healthy HTLVind blood donors are infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II, coded specimens from randomly selected military blood donors (n = 73) were tested for antibodies to HTLV by WB and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) using HTLV-I (MT-2) antigens, by enzyme immunoassay using synthetic peptides representing the immunodominant epitopes of HTLV, and for sequences of proviral HTLV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 73 HTLVind donors, none showed presence of env reactivity by HTLV WB and RIPA. Minimal reactivity was observed with synthetic immunodominant motifs derived from the env protein of HTLV-I (Env-1(191–214) and Env-5(242–257)) or HTLV-II (Env-2(187–209) and Env-20(85–102)) and gag protein (Gag-1a(102– 117) and Gag-10(364–385)). A peptide corresponding to the endogenous retroviral sequence with structural homologies to the gag protein of HTLVs (RTVLgag) reacted with antibodies not only in HTLVpos (88%) and HTLVind (42% to 66%) specimens, but also reacted with normal control subjects (60%). Furthermore, none of the 73 HTLVind specimens demonstrated presence of the HTLV genome when amplified with primers for the pol and tax/rex region. Six to 23 months from the initial test, 27 subjects still gave indeterminate WB patterns, and 13 of these repeat specimens were still negative for the presence of HTLV genome. We conclude that individuals at low risk for HTLV infection who have HTLVind WB reactivity are rarely, if ever, infected with HTLV-I or HTLV- II.

scholarly journals Failure to detect evidence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and type II in blood donors with isolated gag antibodies to HTLV-I/II

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-550
Author(s):  
RB Lal ◽  
DL Rudolph ◽  
JE Coligan ◽  
SK Brodine ◽  
CR Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gag Protein ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Env Protein ◽  
Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay ◽  
Immunodominant Epitopes

Of the 267,650 blood donations from members of the US armed forces, 72 (0.027%) were serologically confirmed to be positive for human T- lymphotropic virus type I/II (HTLVpos) and 379 (0.14%) were Western blot (WB)-indeterminate with banding pattern restricted to the proteins encoded by the gag gene only (HTLVind). To determine whether these apparently healthy HTLVind blood donors are infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II, coded specimens from randomly selected military blood donors (n = 73) were tested for antibodies to HTLV by WB and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) using HTLV-I (MT-2) antigens, by enzyme immunoassay using synthetic peptides representing the immunodominant epitopes of HTLV, and for sequences of proviral HTLV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 73 HTLVind donors, none showed presence of env reactivity by HTLV WB and RIPA. Minimal reactivity was observed with synthetic immunodominant motifs derived from the env protein of HTLV-I (Env-1(191–214) and Env-5(242–257)) or HTLV-II (Env-2(187–209) and Env-20(85–102)) and gag protein (Gag-1a(102– 117) and Gag-10(364–385)). A peptide corresponding to the endogenous retroviral sequence with structural homologies to the gag protein of HTLVs (RTVLgag) reacted with antibodies not only in HTLVpos (88%) and HTLVind (42% to 66%) specimens, but also reacted with normal control subjects (60%). Furthermore, none of the 73 HTLVind specimens demonstrated presence of the HTLV genome when amplified with primers for the pol and tax/rex region. Six to 23 months from the initial test, 27 subjects still gave indeterminate WB patterns, and 13 of these repeat specimens were still negative for the presence of HTLV genome. We conclude that individuals at low risk for HTLV infection who have HTLVind WB reactivity are rarely, if ever, infected with HTLV-I or HTLV- II.

scholarly journals Accuracy of supplementary serologic testing for human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II in US blood donors. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148
Author(s):  
MP Busch ◽  
M Laycock ◽  
SH Kleinman ◽  
JW Jr Wages ◽  
M Calabro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Htlv Infection ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Blood donations in the United States have been screened for antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) by HTLV-I enzyme immunoassay (EIA) since November 1988. Specimens repeatedly found to be reactive by EIA undergo confirmation by supplementary serologic tests. We assessed the accuracy of blood center testing of 994 HTLV-I EIA repeat-reactive specimens in five US blood centers between November 1988 and December 1991. Of 410 confirmed HTLV-I/II donations, 407 (99.3%) were infected with HTLV-I/II, as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (403 cases) and by repeat serologic testing (4 cases). The three false- positive results occurred in the first year of testing. Of 425 HTLV-indeterminate specimens, 6 (1.4%) were found to be infected by PCR (5 with HTLV-II and 1 with HTLV-I). None of 159 confirmatory test-negative donations was PCR positive. Of HTLV-I/II-seropositive specimens, 80.2% to 95.4% could be typed as HTLV-I or HTLV-II by type-specific serologic assays. These results support recommendations that HTLV-I/II- seropositive donors should be advised that they are infected with HTLV- I, HTLV-II, or HTLV-I/II (depending on results of type-specific assays). HTLV-indeterminate donors should be advised that their results only rarely indicate HTLV infection. HTLV confirmatory test-negative donors should be reassured that they are not infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II.

Accuracy of supplementary serologic testing for human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II in US blood donors. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Busch ◽  
M Laycock ◽  
SH Kleinman ◽  
JW Jr Wages ◽  
M Calabro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Htlv Infection ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Blood donations in the United States have been screened for antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) by HTLV-I enzyme immunoassay (EIA) since November 1988. Specimens repeatedly found to be reactive by EIA undergo confirmation by supplementary serologic tests. We assessed the accuracy of blood center testing of 994 HTLV-I EIA repeat-reactive specimens in five US blood centers between November 1988 and December 1991. Of 410 confirmed HTLV-I/II donations, 407 (99.3%) were infected with HTLV-I/II, as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (403 cases) and by repeat serologic testing (4 cases). The three false- positive results occurred in the first year of testing. Of 425 HTLV-indeterminate specimens, 6 (1.4%) were found to be infected by PCR (5 with HTLV-II and 1 with HTLV-I). None of 159 confirmatory test-negative donations was PCR positive. Of HTLV-I/II-seropositive specimens, 80.2% to 95.4% could be typed as HTLV-I or HTLV-II by type-specific serologic assays. These results support recommendations that HTLV-I/II- seropositive donors should be advised that they are infected with HTLV- I, HTLV-II, or HTLV-I/II (depending on results of type-specific assays). HTLV-indeterminate donors should be advised that their results only rarely indicate HTLV infection. HTLV confirmatory test-negative donors should be reassured that they are not infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II.

Epidemiologic comparison of human T-lymphotropic virus type I-infected blood donors from endemic and nonendemic regions over a 3-year period

Transfusion ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Massari ◽  
MH Elghouzzi ◽  
F Agis ◽  
C Rannou ◽  
E Gordien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Type I ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection among blood donors in the Solomon Islands

Transfusion ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Yanagihara ◽  
C Hefner ◽  
AB Ajdukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus

Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Lack of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Antibodies in Blood Donors From Bogota, Colombia

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
G. C. Roman ◽  
L. N. Roman ◽  
J. L. Sever ◽  
D. L. Madden ◽  
B. S. Schoenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus

scholarly journals Prophylaxis against a Melanesian variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in rabbits using HTLV-I immune globulin from asymptomatically infected Japanese carriers

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 3664-3667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tanaka ◽  
K Ishii ◽  
T Sawada ◽  
Y Ohtsuki ◽  
H Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Contaminated Blood

Abstract Molecular variants of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), which diverge significantly from the so-called cosmopolitan prototypes, have been discovered in Melanesia. In this study, HTLV-I IgG (I-IgG) prepared from seropositive healthy Japanese carriers was evaluated for its protective effect against a Melanesian isolate, HTLV-IMEL5, in rabbits. Normal IgG (N-IgG) prepared from seronegative healthy Japanese was used as control. Both preparations contained 50 mg/mL of IgG and I- IgG had a high neutralizing antibody titer, as determined by vesicular stomatitis virus--HTLV-I pseudotype assay. Of four experimental groups (A, B, C, and D), each with three rabbits, groups A and B were infused with 10 mL of N-IgG and I-IgG, respectively, and animals were challenged immediately by transfusion of 5 mL of blood from a rabbit infected with HTLV-IMEL5. Animals in groups C and D were immunized with 10 mL of I-IgG 24 and 48 hours, respectively, after being transfused with 5 mL of blood from the virus-infected rabbit. HTLV-I infection, as determined by seroconversion and verified by polymerase chain reaction, occurred in all rabbits in groups A and D after 2 to 6 weeks, but in none of the animals in groups B and C. These data indicate that I-IgG is protective against HTLV-IMEL5 infection when administered before or within 24 hours of transfusion with virus-contaminated blood. Moreover, our study shows that the neutralizing domains of the so-called cosmopolitan and Melanesian strains of HTLV-I are functionally indistinguishable.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF HTLV-I ANTIBODIES AND DNA IN BLOOD SAMPLE OF A PATIENT WITH MYELOPATHY IN NIGERIA

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. OLALEYE ◽  
A. OGUNNIYI ◽  
Zhi Juan SHENG ◽  
Zhiliang LI ◽  
S. RASHEED
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Blot Technique ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We describe a case of human T-lymphotropic virus type I associated myelopathy in a 50-year old woman in Nigeria. The patient presented with progressive loss of tone to the two lower limbs and later inability to walk. The HTLV-I antibody presence in the plasma collected from the patient was repeatedly detected by enzyme immunoassays (Abbott HTLV-I EIA and Coulter SELECT-HTLV I/II) and confirmed by Western blot technique. In addition, HTLV-I DNA was amplified from the genomic DNA isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patient by the polymerase chain reaction technique. This finding is significant being the first report of association of HTLV-I with myelopathy in Nigeria.

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