scholarly journals A retrospective population-based cohort study identifying target areas for prevention of acute lower respiratory infections in children

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C Moore ◽  
Nicholas de Klerk ◽  
Peter Richmond ◽  
Deborah Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infections

scholarly journals Magnitude, trend, and causes of under-five mortality from Kilite-Awlaelo health demographic surveillance database, northern Ethiopia, 2009–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiluf Ebuy Abraha ◽  
Abate Bekele Belachew ◽  
Mohamedawel Mohammedniguss Ebrahim ◽  
Mengistu Hagazi Tequare ◽  
Mache Tsadik Adhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infections ◽  
Exponential Trend ◽  
Infection Disease

Abstract Background Globally, neonatal and child mortality remains still high. Under-five mortality accounts for four-fifth of child and young adolescent deaths. In Ethiopia, though there has been a remarkable progress over the past years, under-five mortality is still high. Evidence from population-based longitudinal studies on under-five mortality is limited. Thus, this study aims to investigate the magnitude, trend, and causes of under-five mortality in the Kilite-Awlaelo Health Demographic Surveillance System, Northern Ethiopia. Methods Kilite-Awlaelo health and demographic surveillance system was established in 2009 in the northern part of Ethiopia. Population-based longitudinal study design was carried out through extracting data for nine consecutive years (2009–2017). After smoothing the data revealed a visually decreasing trend. Linear, quadratic, exponential, and autoregressive time-series models were checked. Accordingly, the exponential trend model provided the best fit with the lowest standard error of estimate, lowest sum square error and highest adjusted R2 value. Cause-specific mortality was determined by cross tabulating cause of death with specific age death. Results The overall under-five mortality rate was 35.62 per 1000 livebirths. The under-five mortality rate of rural and urban residents was 37.58 and 12.99 deaths per 1000 livebirths respectively. The exponential trend model showed the under-five mortality rate was declining exponentially. Bacterial sepsis 67(20.6%), prematurity 37(11.08%), intestinal infection disease 30(8.98%), acute lower respiratory infections 26(7.78%), and birth asphyxia 24(7.19%) were the major causes of under-five mortality. Conclusion The overall under-five mortality rate for the surveillance period was comparatively lower. A statistically significant difference in under-five mortality rate was observed between urban and rural residents. A statistically significant declining trend in the under-five mortality rate was observed. Bacterial sepsis, prematurity, intestinal infection disease, acute lower respiratory infections, and birth asphyxia were the major causes of under-five mortality. We recommend the huge discrepancy in under-five mortality rate between urban and rural dwellers could be narrowed to some level by increasing healthcare access for rural residents.

scholarly journals Early Respiratory Infections and Dental Caries in the First 27 Years of Life: A Population-Based Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0168141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino K. Rantala ◽  
Ilkka T. Mehtonen ◽  
Maritta S. Jaakkola ◽  
Simo Näyhä ◽  
Timo T. Hugg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Chronic Periodontitis and Acute Respiratory Infections: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9493
Author(s):  
Jae-Hong Lee ◽  
Seong-Nyum Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables

Chronic periodontitis (CP) may increase the risk of exacerbation of and hospitalization for respiratory infections. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CP is associated with acute respiratory infections by analyzing a population-based longitudinal database from the National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between CP and acute respiratory infections, including acute nasopharyngitis, acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, acute laryngitis and tracheitis, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis, while adjusting for the confounding effects of sociodemographic variables (sex, age, household income, and smoking status) and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus). Among 545,416 recruited participants, 98,490 (18.1%) had CP. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for sociodemographic variables and comorbidities, showed that except influenza and pneumonia, total acute respiratory infections (odds ratio (OR), 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–1.38; p < 0.001), acute upper respiratory infections (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.22–1.29; p < 0.001), and acute lower respiratory infections (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20–1.26; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with CP. The findings of the current cohort study suggest an association between CP and acute respiratory infections. Particularly, CP seems to increase the risk of acute upper and lower respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Geographical disparities in emergency department presentations for acute respiratory infections and risk factors for presenting: a population-based cohort study of Western Australian children

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanne Barnes ◽  
Christopher C Blyth ◽  
Nicholas de Klerk ◽  
Wei Hao Lee ◽  
Meredith L Borland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Western Australian

IntroductionStudies examining acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in emergency department (EDs), particularly in rural and remote areas, are rare. This study aimed to examine the burden of ARIs among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children presenting to Western Australian (WA) EDs from 2002 to 2012.MethodUsing a retrospective population-based cohort study linking ED records to birth and perinatal records, we examined presentation rates for metropolitan, rural and remote Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children from 469 589 births. We used ED diagnosis information to categorise presentations into ARI groups and calculated age-specific rates. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate association between risk factors and frequency of ARI presentation.ResultsOverall, 26% of presentations were for ARIs. For Aboriginal children, the highest rates were for those aged <12 months in the Great Southern (1233 per 1000 child-years) and Pilbara regions (1088 per 1000 child-years). Rates for non-Aboriginal children were highest in children <12 months in the Southwest and Kimberley (400 and 375 per 1000 child-years, respectively). Presentation rates for ARI in children from rural and remote WA significantly increased over time in all age groups <5 years. Risk factors for children presenting to ED with ARI were: male, prematurity, caesarean delivery and residence in the Kimberley region and lower socio-economic areas.ConclusionOne in four ED presentations in WA children are for ARIs, representing a significant out-of-hospital burden with some evidence of geographical disparity. Planned linkages with hospital discharge and laboratory detection data will aid in assessing the sensitivity and specificity of ARI diagnoses in ED.

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