scholarly journals Is there an impact of public smoking bans on self-reported smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke?

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa B Naiman ◽  
Richard H Glazier ◽  
Rahim Moineddin
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Childhood Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Risk of Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease and Stroke in Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Zhou ◽  
K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Background: This study aimed to investigate the associations between secondhand smoke exposure and dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and stroke. Methods: This prospective study analyzed Framingham Offspring (FHS-OS) cohort participants with parents in the original Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohort with known smoking status during offspring childhood. Surveillance for incident events, including dementia and stroke, among offspring participants exposed to parental smoking up to the age of 18 years commenced at examination 9 through 2014 and continued for approximately 30 years. Results: At baseline, a total of 1683 (56.2%) subjects were not exposed to any secondhand smoke, whereas 670 (22.4%) subjects were exposed to 0-1 packs (20 cigarettes)/day, and 640 (21.4%) were exposed to over 1 pack/day. On follow-up (median: 31 years), 2993 patients developed dementia, including 103 with AD dementia and 315 with stroke. After adjusting for a wide range of established risk factors, participants with the highest exposure to secondhand smoke exhibited increased risks of all dementia, AD dementia and stroke compared with individuals with no exposure [HR 2.86 (2.00-4.09) for dementia; HR 3.13 (1.80-5.42) for AD dementia; HR 1.89 (1.37-2.61) for stroke]. The results remained comparable in the subgroup for individuals with median exposure to secondhand smoke. Conclusion: Exposure to secondhand smoke may be associated with increased risks of dementia, AD dementia and stroke.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Smoking Among School-Going Adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 21s-21s
Author(s):  
K.Y. Low ◽  
S.J. Jag Singh ◽  
H.S. Mohd Hashim ◽  
C. Lim ◽  
N.I. Junazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Passive Smoke ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2014), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease account for a majority of premature deaths in the Malaysian population. Tobacco smoking remains a leading risk factor for these diseases. Although there have been previous population-level studies which have highlighted adolescent smokers in Malaysia, little has been done to specifically ascertain smoking prevalence within a school-going population using objective measurement tools. Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of school-going adolescent smokers in Kuala Lumpur via an objective measurement - expired carbon monoxide (CO) in parts per million (ppm). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that involved 2,679 high school-going adolescents aged between 13 to 18 years old in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The level of exhaled CO (Smokerlyzer test) of all the participants was measured. Participants were also administered with a survey conducted right after the Smokerlyzer test to determine i) whether they smoked or not; ii) type of tobacco products used if smoked; iii) vaping or shisha usage; and iv) exposure to secondhand smoke. The categorization of smoking status was based on CO-ppm reading: ≤ 3 ppm (nonsmoker); 3 < ppm ≤ 6 (light smoker or nonsmoker breathing in poor air quality or passive smoke inhalation); ≥ 7 ppm (regular smoker with higher levels of CO in blood). Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the demographics of the study population. Inferential analysis was carried out utilizing χ2 tests or Student t-tests to test associations between smoking status and other independent variables. One-way ANOVA test was conducted to compare the differences in CO-ppm readings. Results: The mean age of the adolescents (n=2,679) was 14.5 ± 1.2 years old (median: 14) and 55.1% were male. Interestingly, vaping was the most commonly used method of tobacco use among the studied adolescents, regardless of gender, followed by cigarettes and shisha. The mean CO-ppm reading for male adolescents was significantly higher than female adolescents. Passive smoke inhalation (exposure to secondhand smoke) was significantly associated with higher readings of CO-ppm. A significant association was determined between status of exposure to secondhand smoke and a history of usage of any form of tobacco products. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking adolescents, regardless of gender, in Kuala Lumpur remains at a worrying state. Objective measurements such as Smokerlyzer test can be coupled with self-reported questionnaire in targeting adolescent smokers within a structured setting such as a school and can help form part of an effective school-based smoking cessation intervention program targeting adolescents in Malaysia. This is in line with efforts to make Malaysia a smoke-free nation by 2045.

scholarly journals Estimation of lifetime cumulative mortality risk of lung cancer by smoking status in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224
Author(s):  
Megumi Hori ◽  
Eiko Saito ◽  
Kota Katanoda ◽  
Shoichiro Tsugane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate the cumulative mortality risk for lung cancer according to smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Japan. We applied a life-table method to estimate the cumulative risk. Estimated lifetime cumulative risk for 20-year-old non-smokers, former, and current smokers was 3.2%, 7.6%, and 14.9% for men and 1.9%, 5.6%, and 7.2% for women, respectively. For males, the estimated risk was 3.2% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 4.1% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. For females, the estimated risk was 1.9% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 2.4% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. Lifetime cumulative mortality risk differed greatly according to smoking status. Moreover, SHS exposure resulted in observable differences in lifetime mortality risk. This study may be useful for the development of tailored prevention programs.

scholarly journals Frequency of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Outside the Home Is Associated with a Lower FEV1/FVC in Male Workers Regardless of Smoking Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi INOMOTO ◽  
Hiroshi YAMATO ◽  
Ryoma MICHISHITA ◽  
Ying JIANG ◽  
Shingo NISHIYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Male Workers

scholarly journals Association between parents’ smoking status and tobacco exposure in school-age children: assessment using major urine biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Jeong ◽  
Bich Na Jang ◽  
Soo Hyun Kang ◽  
Jae Hong Joo ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

AbstractChildren are at risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. We aimed to evaluate the extent of their exposure to it in relation to their parents’ smoking status by using biomarkers relevant to smoking. We evaluated 847 school-age children (6–12 years) who lived with their parents, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. Secondhand smoke exposure in children of non-smoking and smoking parents was assessed by measuring urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cotinine concentrations. Overall, the parents of 482 (55.1%) children smoked and those of 392 (44.9%) children did not smoke. After adjusting for covariates, significantly higher concentrations of NNAL (β = 0.482, standard error [S.E.] = 0.065, P < 0.001) and cotinine (β = 0.472, S.E. = 0.06, P < 0.001) were found in children of smoking parents than in children of non-smoking parents. Children of parents who smoked a higher number of cigarettes showed higher NNAL and cotinine concentrations than children of non-smoking parents. Children with both parents who smoked showed the highest NNAL and cotinine concentrations. Children of smoking parents are at a higher risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. A smoke-free environment must be maintained to protect children from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Therefore, comprehensive national anti-smoking policies are required.

scholarly journals Association Between Parents’ Smoking Status and Tobacco Exposure in School-Age Children: Assessment Using Major Urine Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Jeong ◽  
Bich Na Jang ◽  
Soo Hyun Kang ◽  
Jae Hong Joo ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Children are at risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. We aimed to evaluate the extent of their exposure to it in relation to their parents’ smoking status by using biomarkers relevant to smoking. We evaluated 847 school-age children (6–12 years) who lived with their parents, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. Secondhand smoke exposure in children of non-smoking and smoking parents was assessed by measuring urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cotinine concentrations. Overall, the parents of 482 (55.1%) children smoked and those of 392 (44.9%) children did not smoke. After adjusting for covariates, significantly higher concentrations of NNAL (β=0.482, standard error [S.E.]=0.065, P<0.001) and cotinine (β=0.472, S.E.=0.06, P<0.001) were found in children of smoking parents than in children of non-smoking parents. Children of parents who smoked a higher number of cigarettes showed higher NNAL and cotinine concentrations than children of non-smoking parents. Children with both parents who smoked showed the highest NNAL and cotinine concentrations. Children of smoking parents are at a higher risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. A smoke-free environment must be maintained to protect children from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Therefore, comprehensive national anti-smoking policies are required.

scholarly journals Restaurant and Bar Owners’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Attitudes Regarding Smoking Bans in Five Chinese Cities

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1520-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiling Liu ◽  
S. Katharine Hammond ◽  
Andrew Hyland ◽  
Mark J. Travers ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

scholarly journals Influence of family resources on secondhand smoking in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in the border and minority urban areas of Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangyun Chen ◽  
Xinhui Li ◽  
Pengqian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Background Pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoke is a very serious health issue in China. The purpose of our research is to identify factors that predict the probability of exposure to secondhand smoke among pregnant women from the perspective of a family-based open system. Methods From September 2014 to August 2015, Urumqi City, Shihezi City, and Shawan County-level City were sampled according to population characteristics. A revised structured questionnaire based on family resources was adapted for use in this study. Questionnaires were collected via convenience sampling at the hospitals with the largest number of local antenatal clients. A total of 1249 pregnant women of age 18–51 years were investigated. Descriptive statistics were calculated to characterize the participants and study variables. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of family resources corresponding variables on the likelihood that participants would be exposed to SHS. Both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR/AOR) [with 95% confidence intervals (CI)] were reported. Results The secondhand smoke exposure rate found in this study was 54.6%. Having good knowledge of the dangers of secondhand smoke had no effect on reducing the prevalence of exposure (P > 0.05). Even pregnant women whose husbands who did not use tobacco or never smoked nearby had a risk of exposure to secondhand smoke [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.568, 95% CI 1.205–2.041] when the data were adjusted for age, gravidity, gestational weeks, knowledge of the dangers of secondhand smoke, location, and work status. Home smoking bans were confirmed to be an important protective factor (AOR 1.710, 95% CI 1.549–1.918); however, only one-third (33.5%) of participants reported having a smoking ban at home. Religion (mainly Islam), as a special external family resource, was a protective factor that reduced secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women (AOR 0.399, 95% CI 0.312–0.510). Conclusions The effect of family resources on tobacco control should be considered in the development of effective and enduring strategies for indoor smoking bans and smoking cessation.

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