scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Smoking Among School-Going Adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 21s-21s
Author(s):  
K.Y. Low ◽  
S.J. Jag Singh ◽  
H.S. Mohd Hashim ◽  
C. Lim ◽  
N.I. Junazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Passive Smoke ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2014), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease account for a majority of premature deaths in the Malaysian population. Tobacco smoking remains a leading risk factor for these diseases. Although there have been previous population-level studies which have highlighted adolescent smokers in Malaysia, little has been done to specifically ascertain smoking prevalence within a school-going population using objective measurement tools. Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of school-going adolescent smokers in Kuala Lumpur via an objective measurement - expired carbon monoxide (CO) in parts per million (ppm). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that involved 2,679 high school-going adolescents aged between 13 to 18 years old in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The level of exhaled CO (Smokerlyzer test) of all the participants was measured. Participants were also administered with a survey conducted right after the Smokerlyzer test to determine i) whether they smoked or not; ii) type of tobacco products used if smoked; iii) vaping or shisha usage; and iv) exposure to secondhand smoke. The categorization of smoking status was based on CO-ppm reading: ≤ 3 ppm (nonsmoker); 3 < ppm ≤ 6 (light smoker or nonsmoker breathing in poor air quality or passive smoke inhalation); ≥ 7 ppm (regular smoker with higher levels of CO in blood). Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the demographics of the study population. Inferential analysis was carried out utilizing χ2 tests or Student t-tests to test associations between smoking status and other independent variables. One-way ANOVA test was conducted to compare the differences in CO-ppm readings. Results: The mean age of the adolescents (n=2,679) was 14.5 ± 1.2 years old (median: 14) and 55.1% were male. Interestingly, vaping was the most commonly used method of tobacco use among the studied adolescents, regardless of gender, followed by cigarettes and shisha. The mean CO-ppm reading for male adolescents was significantly higher than female adolescents. Passive smoke inhalation (exposure to secondhand smoke) was significantly associated with higher readings of CO-ppm. A significant association was determined between status of exposure to secondhand smoke and a history of usage of any form of tobacco products. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking adolescents, regardless of gender, in Kuala Lumpur remains at a worrying state. Objective measurements such as Smokerlyzer test can be coupled with self-reported questionnaire in targeting adolescent smokers within a structured setting such as a school and can help form part of an effective school-based smoking cessation intervention program targeting adolescents in Malaysia. This is in line with efforts to make Malaysia a smoke-free nation by 2045.

Childhood Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Risk of Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease and Stroke in Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Zhou ◽  
K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Background: This study aimed to investigate the associations between secondhand smoke exposure and dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and stroke. Methods: This prospective study analyzed Framingham Offspring (FHS-OS) cohort participants with parents in the original Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohort with known smoking status during offspring childhood. Surveillance for incident events, including dementia and stroke, among offspring participants exposed to parental smoking up to the age of 18 years commenced at examination 9 through 2014 and continued for approximately 30 years. Results: At baseline, a total of 1683 (56.2%) subjects were not exposed to any secondhand smoke, whereas 670 (22.4%) subjects were exposed to 0-1 packs (20 cigarettes)/day, and 640 (21.4%) were exposed to over 1 pack/day. On follow-up (median: 31 years), 2993 patients developed dementia, including 103 with AD dementia and 315 with stroke. After adjusting for a wide range of established risk factors, participants with the highest exposure to secondhand smoke exhibited increased risks of all dementia, AD dementia and stroke compared with individuals with no exposure [HR 2.86 (2.00-4.09) for dementia; HR 3.13 (1.80-5.42) for AD dementia; HR 1.89 (1.37-2.61) for stroke]. The results remained comparable in the subgroup for individuals with median exposure to secondhand smoke. Conclusion: Exposure to secondhand smoke may be associated with increased risks of dementia, AD dementia and stroke.

scholarly journals Estimation of lifetime cumulative mortality risk of lung cancer by smoking status in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224
Author(s):  
Megumi Hori ◽  
Eiko Saito ◽  
Kota Katanoda ◽  
Shoichiro Tsugane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate the cumulative mortality risk for lung cancer according to smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Japan. We applied a life-table method to estimate the cumulative risk. Estimated lifetime cumulative risk for 20-year-old non-smokers, former, and current smokers was 3.2%, 7.6%, and 14.9% for men and 1.9%, 5.6%, and 7.2% for women, respectively. For males, the estimated risk was 3.2% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 4.1% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. For females, the estimated risk was 1.9% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 2.4% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. Lifetime cumulative mortality risk differed greatly according to smoking status. Moreover, SHS exposure resulted in observable differences in lifetime mortality risk. This study may be useful for the development of tailored prevention programs.

scholarly journals Frequency of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Outside the Home Is Associated with a Lower FEV1/FVC in Male Workers Regardless of Smoking Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi INOMOTO ◽  
Hiroshi YAMATO ◽  
Ryoma MICHISHITA ◽  
Ying JIANG ◽  
Shingo NISHIYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Male Workers

Use of Single, Dual, and Poly Tobacco Products in Korean Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110229
Author(s):  
Min Kwon ◽  
Sophia J. Chung ◽  
Jinhwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Smoke Prevention

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of single, dual, and poly use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products among Korean adolescent smokers and identify factors related to dual and poly tobacco product use. Data from 4028 current smokers in the 2019 Korea Youth Behavior Web-based Survey were included. Single users accounted for 53.1%, followed by dual users at 24.8% and poly users at 22.1%. The factors influencing dual and poly tobacco product use included male, living in a metropolitan area, risky alcohol drinking, sexual experience, number of cigarettes smoked, secondhand smoke exposure, and easy-to-buy tobacco products. The findings suggest restricting the use of new types of tobacco products in the high-risk group are required to prevent dual and poly use. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide support like education for new tobacco products and smoking cessation, programs for secondhand smoke prevention, or rigorous marketing regulations for adolescents.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Behavior and Attitudes of Smokers and Non-smokers in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieun Hwang ◽  
Hae-ryong Chun ◽  
Eunsil Cheon
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of human society, including education, culture, and economy, and has also brought changes in health behaviors such as drinking alcohol, nutrition intake, and practicing healthy living. This study conducted a qualitative research in the Korean context to examine the changes in the smoking behavior of smokers and secondhand smoke exposure of non-smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Focus group interviews were conducted with 36 Korean participants (18 men and 18 women): groups were composed of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, heated tobacco products users, or non-smokers. ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless tobacco products, in the case of users who were not participating in engaging in social interaction, such as working from home or online classes, the frequency of using increased, and for users who continued engaging in social interactions, the amount of using increased each time they used. Smokers showed a tendency to avoid smoking rooms and to smoke alone in places where there were no people. In addition, non-smokers’ exposure to secondhand smoke did not decrease, but since non-smokers used masks, they reported more relief about the risk of exposure to secondhand smoke than before.ConclusionsSmokers being a high-risk group for COVID-19 did not result in smoking cessation among smokers. Therefore, policy and educational campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of smoking and to encourage smoking cessation are needed in the future.

scholarly journals Association between parents’ smoking status and tobacco exposure in school-age children: assessment using major urine biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Jeong ◽  
Bich Na Jang ◽  
Soo Hyun Kang ◽  
Jae Hong Joo ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

AbstractChildren are at risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. We aimed to evaluate the extent of their exposure to it in relation to their parents’ smoking status by using biomarkers relevant to smoking. We evaluated 847 school-age children (6–12 years) who lived with their parents, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. Secondhand smoke exposure in children of non-smoking and smoking parents was assessed by measuring urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cotinine concentrations. Overall, the parents of 482 (55.1%) children smoked and those of 392 (44.9%) children did not smoke. After adjusting for covariates, significantly higher concentrations of NNAL (β = 0.482, standard error [S.E.] = 0.065, P < 0.001) and cotinine (β = 0.472, S.E. = 0.06, P < 0.001) were found in children of smoking parents than in children of non-smoking parents. Children of parents who smoked a higher number of cigarettes showed higher NNAL and cotinine concentrations than children of non-smoking parents. Children with both parents who smoked showed the highest NNAL and cotinine concentrations. Children of smoking parents are at a higher risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. A smoke-free environment must be maintained to protect children from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Therefore, comprehensive national anti-smoking policies are required.

scholarly journals Association Between Parents’ Smoking Status and Tobacco Exposure in School-Age Children: Assessment Using Major Urine Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hoon Jeong ◽  
Bich Na Jang ◽  
Soo Hyun Kang ◽  
Jae Hong Joo ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Children are at risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. We aimed to evaluate the extent of their exposure to it in relation to their parents’ smoking status by using biomarkers relevant to smoking. We evaluated 847 school-age children (6–12 years) who lived with their parents, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. Secondhand smoke exposure in children of non-smoking and smoking parents was assessed by measuring urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cotinine concentrations. Overall, the parents of 482 (55.1%) children smoked and those of 392 (44.9%) children did not smoke. After adjusting for covariates, significantly higher concentrations of NNAL (β=0.482, standard error [S.E.]=0.065, P<0.001) and cotinine (β=0.472, S.E.=0.06, P<0.001) were found in children of smoking parents than in children of non-smoking parents. Children of parents who smoked a higher number of cigarettes showed higher NNAL and cotinine concentrations than children of non-smoking parents. Children with both parents who smoked showed the highest NNAL and cotinine concentrations. Children of smoking parents are at a higher risk of exposure to secondhand smoke. A smoke-free environment must be maintained to protect children from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Therefore, comprehensive national anti-smoking policies are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Current Tobacco use and Non-user Susceptibility to using Tobacco Product Among School-going Adolescents in 22 African Countries, 2013-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bai James ◽  
Abdulai Jawo Bah ◽  
John Alimamy Kabba ◽  
Said Abasse Kassim ◽  
Philip Ayizem Dalinjong
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Complex Sampling ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Background Our study examined the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco product use and non-users’ susceptibility to using tobacco products among school-going adolescents in 22 African countries.MethodsWe analysed the cross-sectional 2013-2018 GYTS data from 22 African countries. We conducted complex sampling descriptive and logistic regression analyses. We reported our results using frequencies and proportions for descriptive statistics and adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals for logistic model.ResultsThe overall prevalence of current use of any tobacco product among adolescents was 19.1%, with more males (23.7%) than females (13.7%) being current users. Zimbabwe and Morocco were the highest (47.1%) and least (12.6%) reported prevalence respectively. Being male (AOR=1.930;95%CI:1.614-2.307), exposure to secondhand smoke within (AOR=2.069;95%CI:1.763-2.429) and outside (AOR=1.364;95%CI:1.138-1.635) the home, not knowledgeable about the harmful effect of secondhand smoke (AOR=1.413;95%CI:1.178-1.693), exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR=3.027;95%CI:2.653-3.453) and not in favour of banning smoking in enclosed places (AOR=1.222;95%CI:1.014-1.472) were associated with current use of any tobacco product. The prevalence of the susceptibility to using tobacco products among never users of tobacco products was 12.2%, with no significant gender difference. Mozambique (24.6%) and Algeria (4.5%) had the highest and least prevalence of the susceptibility to using tobacco products among never users, respectively. Exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR=1.730;95%CI:1.485-2.015) and those not in favour of banning smoking in enclosed places (AOR= 1.323;95%CI:1.142-1.532) were associated with susceptibility to using any tobacco product among never users of tobacco products.ConclusionOur study reports that tobacco use and non-user susceptibility to using tobacco product among school-going adolescents in the 22 African countries is high. As part of public health efforts, governments and other stakeholders need to fully implement anti-tobacco use campaigns, enforce a complete ban on tobacco promotion and advertising, institute educational programs for families, and anti-tobacco use education for the general public and in schools in line with WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control guidelines.

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