scholarly journals Efficacy and toxicity of thirteen plant leaf acetone extracts used in ethnoveterinary medicine in South Africa on egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Adamu ◽  
Vinasan Naidoo ◽  
Jacobus N Eloff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Ethnoveterinary Medicine ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Anthelmintic effect of four extracts obtained from Caesalpinia coriaria foliage against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rojas-Morales ◽  
Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas ◽  
Andrea Constanza Montenegro ◽  
Carlos Alberto Martínez ◽  
Ronnal Ortíz-Cuadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

Abstract To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria), a traditional medicinal plant used in Central America and the northern part of South America, extracts from the foliage of this plant were subjected to the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT), against Haemonchus contortus. Four different extracts were evaluated: acetone-water (AW), methanol-water (MW), acetone-water-dichloromethane (AWD) and methanol-water-dichloromethane (MWD). The concentrations used for the EHT and LEIT tests ranged from 500 to 4000 µg mL-1 and six repetitions per concentration. The effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated using Probit analysis. The EC50 for EHT were 2947.0, 3347.0, 3959.6 and 4538.7 µg mL-1 for MWD, MW, AW and AWD, respectively. The EC50 for LEIT were 2883.4, 5927.4, 9876.3 and 9955.4 µg mL-1 for AWD, AW, MWD and MW, respectively. The methanol extracts were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of eggs, while the acetone extracts showed efficacy in inhibiting larval exsheathment. This study explains the importance that C. coriaria has as a medicinal plant in Central and South American countries.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Hymenodictyon pachyanta Stem Bark Extracts against Haemonchus Contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
D. O. Olayemi ◽  
M. M. Onakpa ◽  
O. C. Jegede
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The development of host resistance to anthelmintics and the increasing cost of commercial anthelmintics have encouraged the need for the in vitro anthelmintic evaluation of crude extract and fractions of Hymenodictyon pachyanta plant as alternative drugs against Haemonchus contortus. H. contortus is one of the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasitic nematodes in small ruminant farming globally. H. pachyanta stem bark is a prospective plant used by the local and indigenous farmers of Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. The stem bark of H. pachyanta were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted with 80 % methanol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of these crude extract and fractions against H. contortus in sheep and goats. The two extracts (crude and fractions) of H. pachyanta were tested by the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval development inhibition assays (LDIA) and to compared the results with albendazole (as the positive control). The concentrations for the crude extract and albendazole used for this study were 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 mg.ml−1. The results demonstrated that the crude extracts, fractions and albendazole all at the concentration doses of 12.5 mg.ml−1 produced 100 % inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. Statistically, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean percentage inhibition of egg hatching and larval development inhibition of the crude extracts and fractions when compared with albendazole. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed with n-butanol fraction which inhibited 96.17 % of egg hatchability. All of the extracts and albendazole showed ovicidal and larvicidal effects and were able to induce over 50 % of the egg hatching and mortality of larvae at the concentration ranges of 0.78—12.5 mg.ml−1. The results obtained from our study suggest that H. pachyanta had ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus and that the bioactive plants compounds responsible for this effect could be attributed to the presence of tannins, alkaloids and the saponins contained in the crude extracts.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Bellonah M. Sakong ◽  
Olubukola T. Adenubi ◽  
Elizabeth Pauw ◽  
Tlabo Leboho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Acetone Extracts

The nematode, Haemonchus contortus, is responsible for major economic losses in the livestock industry. The management of parasites such as H. contortus has been through the use of synthetic parasiticides. This has resulted in the presence of residues in meat and milk, which affects food safety. The development of resistance to available anthelmintics coupled with their high cost has further complicated matters. This has led to the investigation of alternative methods to manage nematodes, including the use of plants and plant extracts as a potential source of novel anthelmintics. Acetone extracts were prepared from 15 South African plant species and their anthelmintic activity determined using the egg hatch assay (EHA). The leaf extract of Cleome gynandra had the best inhibitory activity (68% ± 3%) at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, followed by the stem extract of Maerua angolensis (65% ± 5%). The extracts had a relatively low toxicity on Vero cells determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cellular assay.

scholarly journals Fungi extract in the inhibition of the egg hatching and larval development of the Haemonchus contortus

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 1044-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vieira Thallyta ◽  
de Oliveira Vasconcelos Viviane ◽  
Duarte Fonseca Leydiana ◽  
Cristina de Souza C acirc ndido Renata ◽  
Robson Duarte Eduardo
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Egg Hatching

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Bellonah M. Sakong ◽  
Olubukola T. Adenubi ◽  
Elizabeth Pauw ◽  
Tlabo Leboho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
South African Plants ◽  
African Plants ◽  
Acetone Extracts

No abstract available

scholarly journals The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bártíková ◽  
L. Skálová ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
B. Szotáková ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

scholarly journals A review of Southern African Choerades Walker, 1851 with the description of a new species (Diptera, Asilidae, Laphriinae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-65
Author(s):  
Jason G. H. Londt ◽  
Torsten Dikow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Distributional Information ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Forest Habitats

Southern AfricanChoeradesWalker, 1851 are reviewed. Six species are recognised (C.analogossp. n.described from South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal,C.bella(Loew, 1858),C.flavipes(Wiedemann, 1821),C.multipunctata(Oldroyd, 1974),C.nigrapex(Bigot, 1878),C.nigrescens(Ricardo, 1925)) and a key for their separation is provided. Distributional information demonstrates that species are found primarily in moderate to higher rainfall regions. The little that is known of their biology is discussed. Species are usually associated with indigenous forest habitats where larval development takes place in decomposing wood.

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