scholarly journals The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bártíková ◽  
L. Skálová ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
B. Szotáková ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Marked Resistance ◽  
Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

scholarly journals Piper aduncum against Haemonchus contortus isolates: cross resistance and the research of natural bioactive compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousmel Alemán Gaínza ◽  
Rafaela Regina Fantatto ◽  
Francisco Celio Maia Chaves ◽  
Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo ◽  
Sérgio Novita Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Piper Aduncum ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Larval Development Test

Abstract The anthelminthic activity of the essential oil (EO) of Piper aduncum L. was tested in vitro on eggs and larvae of resistant (Embrapa2010) and susceptible (McMaster) isolates of Haemonchus contortus. The EO was obtained by steam distillation and its components identified by chromatography. EO concentrations of 12.5 to 0.02 mg/mL were used in the egg hatch test (EHT) and concentrations of 3.12 to 0.01 mg/mL in the larval development test (LDT). Inhibition concentrations (IC) were determined by the SAS Probit procedure, and significant differences assessed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. In the EHT, the IC50 for the susceptible isolate was 5.72 mg/mL. In the LDT, the IC50 and IC90 were, respectively, 0.10 mg/mL and 0.34 mg/mL for the susceptible isolate, and 0.22 mg/mL and 0.51 mg/mL for the resistant isolate. The EO (dillapiole 76.2%) was highly efficacious on phase L1. Due to the higher ICs obtained for the resistant isolate, it was raised the hypothesis that dillapiole may have a mechanism of action that resembles those of other anthelmintic compounds. We further review and discuss studies, especially those conducted in Brazil, that quantified the major constituents of P. aduncum-derived EO.

scholarly journals Efficacy of monepantel against lower developmental stages of a multi-resistant and susceptible Haemonchus contortus isolates: an in vitro study

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lecová ◽  
L. Stuchlíková ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
M. Špulák ◽  
M. Várady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
New Class ◽  
Ovicidal Effect

AbstractMonepantel (MOP) belongs to a new class of anthelmintic compounds, the amino-acetonitrile derivates, which have a different mode of action as the currently used anthelmintics. Many present studies confirmed the high efficacy of MOP against fourth larval and adult stages of Haemonchus contortus. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro efficacy of MOP against lower development stages (eggs, L1–L3 larvae) and to compare it between resistant and susceptible isolates of H. contortus. For this purpose, two in vitro tests - egg hatch test and micro-agar larval development test were used. Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99) and resistance factor (RF). This study revealed the high efficacy against lower larval stages (L1–L3) of both resistant and susceptible strains of this parasite. Larval susceptibility was not dependent of the sensitivity status of the nematode isolate. On the other hand, ovicidal effect of MOP was very low.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Hymenodictyon pachyanta Stem Bark Extracts against Haemonchus Contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
D. O. Olayemi ◽  
M. M. Onakpa ◽  
O. C. Jegede
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The development of host resistance to anthelmintics and the increasing cost of commercial anthelmintics have encouraged the need for the in vitro anthelmintic evaluation of crude extract and fractions of Hymenodictyon pachyanta plant as alternative drugs against Haemonchus contortus. H. contortus is one of the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasitic nematodes in small ruminant farming globally. H. pachyanta stem bark is a prospective plant used by the local and indigenous farmers of Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. The stem bark of H. pachyanta were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted with 80 % methanol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of these crude extract and fractions against H. contortus in sheep and goats. The two extracts (crude and fractions) of H. pachyanta were tested by the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval development inhibition assays (LDIA) and to compared the results with albendazole (as the positive control). The concentrations for the crude extract and albendazole used for this study were 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 mg.ml−1. The results demonstrated that the crude extracts, fractions and albendazole all at the concentration doses of 12.5 mg.ml−1 produced 100 % inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. Statistically, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean percentage inhibition of egg hatching and larval development inhibition of the crude extracts and fractions when compared with albendazole. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed with n-butanol fraction which inhibited 96.17 % of egg hatchability. All of the extracts and albendazole showed ovicidal and larvicidal effects and were able to induce over 50 % of the egg hatching and mortality of larvae at the concentration ranges of 0.78—12.5 mg.ml−1. The results obtained from our study suggest that H. pachyanta had ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus and that the bioactive plants compounds responsible for this effect could be attributed to the presence of tannins, alkaloids and the saponins contained in the crude extracts.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Four Plant-Derived Compounds against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Giovanelli ◽  
Matteo Mattellini ◽  
Gianluca Fichi ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Larval Development Test

By using the egg hatch test (EHT), the larval development test (LDT) and the larval mortality/paralysis test (LMT), the in vitro anthelmintic activity on sheep gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS) of four plant-derived pure compounds, mangiferin (at 0.25%, 0.125% and 0.0625%), rutin (at 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%), quercetin (at 1%), and β-sitosterol (at 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%), was investigated. For comparison, untreated and treated (0.1% thiabendazole, 0.1% TBZ) controls were used. Six repetitions were made throughout the experiment. Data were statistically elaborated using the χ2 test. The concentration able to inhibit the development of the 50% of L1s to L3s and causing the mortality of the 50% of L3s (EC50) was also calculated. L3s recovered from untreated Petri dishes were identified at the genus level. In EHT, all tested compounds at all concentrations significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the hatch of the eggs when compared to the untreated controls, but none of them was as effective as 0.1% TBZ. In LDT, rutin (at 1%, 0.75% and 0.5%), mangiferin (at 0.25% and 0.125%), β-sitosterol (at 1%) and 0.1% TBZ completely prevented the larval development from L1 to L3 in respect to the untreated controls (p < 0.01). In LMT, all tested compounds significantly (p < 0.01) increased the death of L3s compared to the untreated controls, except for β-sitosterol at 0.5%. However, only rutin at all concentrations and 0.25% and 0.125% mangiferin were as effective as 0.1% TBZ. Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Chabertia and Teladorsagia/Ostertagia GIS genera, were identified.

Evaluation of Anthelmintic properties of Sesbania grandiflora Pers. (Kathurumurunga) against larvae of Toxocara canis and Haemonchus contortus – In Vitro Study

The Healer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
ERHSS Ediriweera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Migration Inhibition ◽  
Larval Migration ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora

Sesbania grandiflora is a slender tree. It is a common garden plant in Sri Lanka, which grows well in mid and low country. In Sri Lanka, Sesbania grandiflora is used as a home remedy, in treatment of worm infections in humans. Toxocara canis is a helminth parasite infecting dogs and other canids. It also causes toxocariasis in humans. Haemonchus contortus is a nematode that infects goats and causes anaemia, marked reduction in growth and reproduction, and even death. Using this information, in vitro larvae migratory inhibition assay was carried out on Toxocara canis and Haemonchus contortus larve. This study revealed 98.1% and 94.3% larvae migration inhibition with larvae of Toxocara canis and Haemonchus contortus respectively. Least number of migrated larvae was observed in the positive control Levamisole and all the larvae were dead after migration. In decoction of S.grandiflora, all the migrated Toxocara larvae were dead and Haemonchus larvae were dead or in Grade1 (inactive but occasional movement can be observed) condition. Inhibition of Toxocara larval migration and Haemonchus larval migration with decoction of Sesbania grandiflora and Levamisole are statically significant (p < 0.05). Since mean of LMI (larval migration inhibition) of Levamisole is greater than mean of LMI of Sesbania grandiflora with both larvae, Levamisole is more effective than Sesbania grandiflora. Based on these findings, the aqueous extract of leaves of Sesbania grandiflora is shows a statistically significant anthelmintic activity in in-vitro model.

scholarly journals In vitro effects of Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta, Alpinia zerumbet and Lantana camara essential oils on Haemonchus contortus

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Alpinia Zerumbet

Phytotherapy can be an alternative for the control of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants. This study evaluated the efficacy of Alpinia zerumbet, Coriandrum sativum, Tagetes minuta and Lantana camaraessential oils by two in vitro assays on Haemonchus contortus, an egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT). No effect was observed for L. camara in the EHT. A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils exhibited a dose-dependent effect in the EHT, inhibiting 81.2, 99 and 98.1% of H. contortus larvae hatching, respectively, at a concentration of 2.5 mg mL-1. The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching was 0.94, 0.63 and 0.53 mg mL-1 for A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta essential oils, respectively. In LDT, L. camara, A. zerumbet, C. sativum and T. minuta at concentration of 10 mg mL-1 inhibited 54.9, 94.2, 97.8 and 99.5% of H. contortus larval development, presenting EC50 values of 6.32, 3.88, 2.89 and 1.67 mg mL-1, respectively. Based on the promising results presented in this in vitro model, it may be possible use of these essential oils to control gastrointestinal nematodes. However, their anthelmintic activity should be confirmed in vivo.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in Brazil: concordance of in vivo and in vitro (RESISTA-Test©) methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousmel Alemán Gainza ◽  
Isabella Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Amanda Figueiredo ◽  
Leonardo Aparecido Lima dos Santos ◽  
Sérgio Novita Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Agreement ◽  
Larval Development Test

Abstract This study evaluated the resistance status of Haemonchus contortus from sheep flocks in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, through comparison between the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and the larval development test (LDT). For the FECRT, 35 sheep were selected in each of five flocks and divided into groups treated with: benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin, monepantel and control. Feces were collected for EPG and fecal cultures. The LDT was performed using thiabendazole (TBZ), levamisole (LEV), ivermectin aglycone (IVM-A) and Zolvix (ZLV). Resistance to all drugs was detected using FECRT in 100% of the flocks, except in relation to ZLV (40% resistant and 20% suspected of resistance). LDT indicated resistance to TBZ and IVM-A in all flocks, to LEV in 80% of flocks and to ZLV in 10%. Total agreement was obtained between the two tests for TBZ and IVM (k = 1.0), while for LEV (k = 0.8) and ZLV (k = 0.9), substantial and almost perfect agreement were obtained, respectively. The concordance between the tests was significant, thus showing that it is possible to use the outcome of the LDT to predict the FECRT, and hence validating the former as a fast diagnostic test for use by sheep farmers in Brazil.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of Annona crassiflora leaves against Haemonchus contortus: part 1: in vitro inhibition of the hatchability and larval development

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Martins Caldeira ◽  
Franciellen Morais-Costa ◽  
Kaike Magno Macêdo ◽  
Valdo Soares Martins Júnior ◽  
Dheison Emanuel Augusto Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Annona Crassiflora
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