Anthelmintic Activity of Hymenodictyon pachyanta Stem Bark Extracts against Haemonchus Contortus

Abstract The development of host resistance to anthelmintics and the increasing cost of commercial anthelmintics have encouraged the need for the in vitro anthelmintic evaluation of crude extract and fractions of Hymenodictyon pachyanta plant as alternative drugs against Haemonchus contortus. H. contortus is one of the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasitic nematodes in small ruminant farming globally. H. pachyanta stem bark is a prospective plant used by the local and indigenous farmers of Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. The stem bark of H. pachyanta were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted with 80 % methanol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of these crude extract and fractions against H. contortus in sheep and goats. The two extracts (crude and fractions) of H. pachyanta were tested by the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval development inhibition assays (LDIA) and to compared the results with albendazole (as the positive control). The concentrations for the crude extract and albendazole used for this study were 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 mg.ml−1. The results demonstrated that the crude extracts, fractions and albendazole all at the concentration doses of 12.5 mg.ml−1 produced 100 % inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. Statistically, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean percentage inhibition of egg hatching and larval development inhibition of the crude extracts and fractions when compared with albendazole. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed with n-butanol fraction which inhibited 96.17 % of egg hatchability. All of the extracts and albendazole showed ovicidal and larvicidal effects and were able to induce over 50 % of the egg hatching and mortality of larvae at the concentration ranges of 0.78—12.5 mg.ml−1. The results obtained from our study suggest that H. pachyanta had ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus and that the bioactive plants compounds responsible for this effect could be attributed to the presence of tannins, alkaloids and the saponins contained in the crude extracts.

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In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of five medicinal plants against egg-hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.063 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 108-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Tadesse Eguale ◽

Dereje Tadesse ◽

Mirutse Giday

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Larval Development ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Crude Extracts

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In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum against Haemonchus contortus

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/4950196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aliyi Hassen Ahmed ◽

Mebrat Ejo ◽

Teka Feyera ◽

Dereje Regassa ◽

Bahar Mummed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Inhibition Effect ◽

Crude Extracts

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are the major limiting factor for the successfulness of livestock production throughout the world. Emergence of resistance strains as well as scarcity and high cost of the currently available drugs has led to the evaluation of other alternative helminth control options, mainly from plants. The current study is aimed at investigating the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of crude methanolic extracts of two traditionally important medicinal plants, Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum, against Haemonchus contortus using adult motility assay (AMA) and egg hatch inhibition assay (EHIA). Four graded concentrations of the extracts were tested for both the AMA (10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/mg) and EHIA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) in replicates. Albendazole and phosphate-buffered saline (AMA) or distilled water (EHIA) were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The crude extracts of A. herba-alba and P. granatum exhibited a potential anthelmintic activity at all dose levels in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The highest concentration (10 mg/mL) of all the extracts caused a significantly (p<0.05) superior nematocidal activity compared to the negative control. Moreover, significant and concentration-dependent egg hatching inhibition effect was observed from both plant extracts. Maximal (98.67%) egg hatching inhibition effect was exhibited by the flower extract of A. herba-alba at 1 mg/mL concentration. The relative egg hatch inhibition efficacy indicated that both plants caused a significantly (p<0.05) greater egg hatch inhibition within 48 hr of exposure. The current study validated the traditional use of both plants as a natural anthelmintic against H. contortus justifying a need to undertake detail pharmacological and toxicological investigation on both plants.

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Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 268-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽

Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽

Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽

Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽

Kaline das Chagas Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Meriones Unguiculatus ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Control Group ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Egg Hatching

Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. An alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus decoction (CcD), C. citratus essential oil (CcEo) and citral against Haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) and an in vivo test using a Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. The effect of 800 mg/kg CcEo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected with 5,000 third-stage H. contortus larvae. The effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching were 0.46, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. The EC50 values in the LDT were 5.04, 1.92 and 1.37 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. H. contortus population in the group treated with C. citratus essential oil was reduced by 38.5% (P< 0.05) in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that it may be possible to use C. citratusessential oil to control of H. contortus parasite of small ruminant.

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The effects of flubendazole and its metabolites on the larval development of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): an in vitro study

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-010-0042-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 269-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. Bártíková ◽

L. Skálová ◽

J. Lamka ◽

B. Szotáková ◽

M. Várady

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Resistant Isolate ◽

Susceptible Isolate ◽

Marked Resistance ◽

Larval Development Test

AbstractThe anthelmintic effects of flubendazole (FLU), its two main metabolites reduced flubendazole (FLU-R) and hydrolyzed flubendazole (FLU-H), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were compared using an in vitro larval development test in two isolates of Haemonchus contortus, a fully susceptible isolate (HCS) and a multi-resistant isolate (HCR). Results were quantified as 50 % lethal concentration (LC50), 99 % lethal concentration (LC99), efficacy factor (EF), and resistance factor (RF). For HCS, both LC50 and LC99 of FLU were lower than those of the reference TBZ. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-R in HCS and HCR was 13 and 6 times lower than the activity of FLU, respectively. The anthelmintic activity of FLU-H was negligible (approximately 363–853 times lower) compared to that of FLU. Although a marked resistance of the HCR isolate to TBZ was confirmed, only a low tolerance to FLU-R and slightly higher tolerance to FLU were found.

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In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of some saponins and flavonoids against parasitic nematodes of goats

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182018000689 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 145 (14) ◽

pp. 1884-1889 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Acidália Carine Vieira Santos ◽

Francianne Oliveira Santos ◽

Hélimar Gonçalves Lima ◽

Gisele Dias Da Silva ◽

Rosangela Soares Uzêda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Larvicidal Activities ◽

Hecogenin Acetate ◽

Active Substances

AbstractThis study assessed the anthelmintic activity of plant-derived compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats using the egg hatch and larval motility assays. The compounds tested were saponins (digitonin and aescin) and their respective sapogenins (aglycones), hecogenin acetate and flavonoids (catechin, hesperidin, isocordoin and a mixture of isocordoin and cordoin). Additionally, cytotoxicity of active substances was analysed on Vero cell through 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl,2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) tests. Significant reduction on the egg hatching (P < 0.05) was seen only in the treatments with aescin (99%/EC50 = 0.67 mg mL−1) and digitonin (45%). The compounds that reduced the larval motility (P < 0.05) were digitonin (EC50 = 0.03 mg mL−1 and EC90 = 0.49 mg mL−1) and the hecogenin acetate (75%). The other sapogenins showed low anthelmintic activity. All the flavonoids showed low ovicidal (4–12%) and larvicidal (10–19%) effects. The aescin and digitonin showed low toxicity in PI test (viable cells >90%). Nevertheless, higher cytotoxicity was observed in the MTT assay, with IC50 of 0.20 mg mL−1 (aescin) and 0.0074 mg mL−1 (digitonin). Aescin and digitonin have a pronounced in vitro anthelmintic effect and the glycone portion of these saponins plays an important role in this activity.

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Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612011000300009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 223-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽

Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽

Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽

Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽

Luiz da Silva Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Larval Development ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽

Egg Hatching

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

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In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Aerial Parts of Cissus quadrangularis L. and Leaves of Schinus molle L. against Haemonchus contortus

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/1905987 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Selamawit Zenebe ◽

Teka Feyera ◽

Solomon Assefa

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Schinus Molle ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Cissus Quadrangularis

Background. Haemonchus contortus, the causative agent of Haemonchosis, is the most economically important parasite in small ruminant production. Control with chemotherapy has not been successful due to rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains. There is a continuous search for alternative leads particularly from plants. The study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extracts of leaves of Schinus molle and aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis against H. contortus. Methods. Adult motility test and egg hatching inhibition assay were employed to investigate the in vitro adulticidal and egg hatching inhibitory effects of the extracts. Results. Higher concentrations of the extracts (10 and 5 mg/ml) had a significantly superior adulticidal activity (p<0.05) compared to the negative control and lower concentration levels, which was comparable to albendazole. Similarly, the relative egg hatch inhibition efficacy of S. molle and C. quadrangularis extracts indicated a maximum of 96% and 88% egg hatch inhibition, respectively, within the 48 hrs of exposure at 1 mg/ml. Conclusion. The current study evidenced that the crude methanolic extracts of the plants have promising adulticidal and egg hatching inhibitory effects against H. contortus.

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Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of Arundo donax, Areca catechu, and Ferula assa-foetida against Haemonchus contortus

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Syed Nadeem Badar ◽

Zafar Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Sohail Sajid ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan ◽

Muhammad Shareef ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Faecal Egg Count ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Better Than

Abstract In the present study, anthelmintic activities of Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) catechu L., and Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. were determined. Leaves of A. donax L., latex of F. assa-foetida L. and seeds of Ar. catechu L. in different solvent fractions were subjected to in vitro (egg hatch assay; EHA, and adult motility assay; AMA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) tests of anthelmintic activity using Haemonchus contortus model. In the AMA, crude aqueous methanol extracts (CAME) and ethyl acetate fractions of F. assa-foetida at 10 hr post-treatment showed maximum mortality of H. contortus at 12.5-50 mg mL-1. In the EHA, CAME of F. assa-foetida was identified as a potent ovicide based on its low LC50 (16.9 µg mL-1), followed in order by Ar. catechu and A. donax. Results from the FECRT also showed the extract of F. assa-foetida L. to be more effective than those of Ar. catechu L. and A. donax L., against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed better anthelmintic activities against the adult worms in vitro, while CAME of these plants were better than their crude powders in vivo. It is recommended to document and investigate indigenous knowledge of possible medicinal plants to plan scientific trials that may justify their endorsement.

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Leaves of Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae) is effective in vitro and in vivo in the control of Haemonchus contortus

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e276101220493

Author(s):

Matheus Ferreira Inácio ◽

Franciellen Morais-Costa ◽

Otávio Cardoso Filho ◽

Isabela Parolis Martins ◽

Valdo Soares Martins Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Chromatography Analysis ◽

Mauritia Flexuosa ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Clinical Changes

In this study we evaluated the potential of Mauritia flexuosa leaves in the egg hatching and larval development inhibition and for reduction of egg count of this nematode in sheep feces. The leaves of this palm were collected and dehydrated for the production of aqueous and ethanolic extracts with and without tannins. Gas chromatography analysis indicated the presence of fifteen and ten major compounds in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively, and both showed catechin peaks. The total of condensed tannins for leaves of Mauritia flexuosa was 33.23% ± 2. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed 100% anthelmintic activity to inhibit hatchability at 75 mg/ml. The inhibitory concentrations LC90 for aqueous and ethanolic extracts were, respectively, 21.8 and 8.5 mg/ml. The dehydrated leaves powder of M. flexuosa at ≥ 152.08 mg / g of coproculture presented efficiencies greater than 80% for inhibition of larval development. The in vivo administration of aqueous extract at 62.1 mg/kg PC promoted anti-helminthic efficacy of 54.57% and, after 14 days, no clinical signs of toxicity and clinical changes were observed in the treated lambs, indicating potential of this extract for the control alternative of haemonchosis.

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