scholarly journals Parallelization of enumerating tree-like chemical compounds by breadth-first search order

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morihiro Hayashida ◽  
Jira Jindalertudomdee ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Tatsuya Akutsu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Breadth First Search ◽  
Search Order

scholarly journals BREADTH-FIRST SEARCH APPROACH TO ENUMERATION OF TREE-LIKE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 1343007 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANG ZHAO ◽  
MORIHIRO HAYASHIDA ◽  
JIRA JINDALERTUDOMDEE ◽  
HIROSHI NAGAMOCHI ◽  
TATSUYA AKUTSU
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Breadth First Search ◽  
Tree Graphs ◽  
Molecular Tree ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Search Order ◽  
Enumeration Algorithms ◽  
Search Approach

Molecular enumeration plays a basic role in the design of drugs, which has been studied by mathematicians, computer scientists, and chemists for quite a long time. Although many researchers are involved in developing enumeration algorithms specific to drug design systems, molecular enumeration is still a hard problem to date due to its exponentially increasing large search space with larger number of atoms. To alleviate this defect, we propose efficient algorithms, BfsSimEnum and BfsMulEnum to enumerate tree-like molecules without and with multiple bonds, respectively, where chemical compounds are represented as molecular graphs. In order to reduce the large search space, we adjust some important concepts such as left-heavy, center-rooted, and normal form to molecular tree graphs. Different from many existing approaches, BfsSimEnum and BfsMulEnum firstly enumerate tree-like compounds by breadth-first search order. Computational experiments are performed to compare with several existing methods. The results suggest that our proposed methods are exact and more efficient.

Cytochemical analysis of mast cell granules after poly-dl-lysine action

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
R. Courtoy ◽  
L.J. Simar ◽  
J. Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Ferric Thiocyanate ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mast Cell Granule ◽  
Amine Liberation

Several chemical compounds induce amine liberation from mast cells but do not necessarily provoque the granule expulsion. For example, poly-dl-lysine induces modifications of the cellular membrane permeability which promotes ion exchange at the level of mast cell granules. Few of them are expulsed but the majority remains in the cytoplasm and appears less dense to the electrons. A cytochemical analysis has been performed to determine the composition of these granules after the polylysine action.We have previously reported that it was possible to demonstrate polyanions on epon thin sections using a cetylpyridinium ferric thiocyanate method. Organic bases are selectively stained with cobalt thiocyanate and the sulfhydryle groups are characterized with a silver methenamine reaction. These techniques permit to reveal the mast cell granule constituents, i.e. heparin, biogenic amines and basic proteins.

Growth of near noble metal Pd and Pt thin film silicides morphology and structure

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
E. I. Alessandrini ◽  
M. O. Aboelfotoh
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Metal Thickness ◽  
Amorphous Si ◽  
Si Films

Considerable interest has been generated in solid state reactions between thin films of near noble metals and silicon. These metals deposited on Si form numerous stable chemical compounds at low temperatures and have found applications as Schottky barrier contacts to silicon in VLSI devices. Since the very first phase that nucleates in contact with Si determines the barrier properties, the purpose of our study was to investigate the silicide formation of the near noble metals, Pd and Pt, at very thin thickness of the metal films on amorphous silicon.Films of Pd and Pt in the thickness range of 0.5nm to 20nm were made by room temperature evaporation on 40nm thick amorphous Si films, which were first deposited on 30nm thick amorphous Si3N4 membranes in a window configuration. The deposition rate was 0.1 to 0.5nm/sec and the pressure during deposition was 3 x 10 -7 Torr. The samples were annealed at temperatures in the range from 200° to 650°C in a furnace with helium purified by hot (950°C) Ti particles. Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction techniques were used to evaluate changes in structure and morphology of the phases formed as a function of metal thickness and annealing temperature.

Analysis of Bioactive Chemical Compounds of Trogoderma granarium (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenan Mohammed Ubaid ◽  
Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Benzoyl Chloride ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Trogoderma Granarium ◽  
Trans Methyl ◽  
Phenacyl Thiocyanate

Methanolic extract of bioactive compounds of Trogoderma granarium was assayed. GC-MS analysis of Trogoderma granarium revealed the existence of the Pentanoic acid , 1,1-dimethylpropyl ester , (1H)-Pyrimidinone , 5-chloro-4,6- diphenyl, Cyclobutanemethanol , α-methyl- , Nitro-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol , Hydroxylamine ,O-(2-methylpropyl)- , Uridine , 2',3'-O-(phenylmethylene)- ,Acetic acid ,2-benzoylthio-,2-oxo-2-phenylethyl ester , methylpropyl)- , Uridine , 2',3'-O-(phenylmethylene)- , 5'-(4-methylbenzenesulfo , Indolinol , 1-benzoyl-, Benzeneethanol , β-methyl-,(s)- , Acetic acid ,2-benzoylthio-,2-oxo-2-phenylethyl ester , Phenacyl thiocyanate , Deoxy-L-ribose-2,5-dibenzoate , Methenamine , Alanine , N-methyl-n-propargyloxycarbonyl-, decyl ester , Benzoyl chloride , Thiophene-2-ol , benzoate , Ethanone , -(5- nitrotetrazol-2-yl)-1-phenyl- , 2,5-Dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide , Benzamide , N-(3-benzylthio-1,2,4-thiadiazol- 5-yl)- , Methyl p-(2-phenyl-1-benzimidazolyl)benzoate , Methyl-2-phenoxyethylamine , Pentaborane(11) , cis-Methoxy- 5-trans-methyl-1R-cyclohexanol , Nitro-1-phenyl-3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)propan-1-one , cis-Methoxy-5-transmethyl-1R-cyclohexanol. Trogoderma granarium produce many important secondary metabolites with high biological activities.

Study effect of crude extracts of Hibiscus sabdarifa L. on some Enterobacteriaceae

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabreen A Kamal ◽  
Ishraq A Salih ◽  
Hawraa Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Zainab A Tolaifeh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
And Control

Red rose or roselle (beauty rose ) is natively known as red tea belong to Malvaceae, it is flowers use traditionally for antihypertensive hepato protective, anticancer,antidiabetic,antibacterial, cytotoxicity and antidiarreal, By preparing red tea from it's flower. In this study, we extract chemical compounds by using two solvent which are Ethanol, Ethyl acetate. so we can extract Anthocyanin which is responsible for red colour of flower with many chemical compounds. then study the effect of these extracts on 5 genera from Enterobacteriacaea which can cause diarrheae (Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus and Klebsiella ) by preparing 3 concentrations for each solvent (250, 500, 750 ) mg/ml, and control then compare with two antibiotic (Azereonam 30 mg/ml and Bacitracin 10 mg/ml ) these extracts revealed obvious inhibition zone in bacterial growth.

Algoritma Perencanaan Jalur Kendaraan Otonom berbasis Hibridisasi Algoritma BFS dan Path Smoothing

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aria
Keyword(s):  
Breadth First Search ◽  
Search Path ◽  
Path Smoothing

Abstrak – Pada penelitian ini dirancang algoritma alternatif untuk perencanaan jalur kendaraan otonom. Algoritma yang diusulkan adalah hibridisasi dari algoritma Breadth First Search (BFS) dan algoritma path smoothing (BFS – path smoothing). Berdasarkan pengamatan dari hasil pengujian, keuntungan dari algoritma BFS adalah dapat memberikan solusi yang menuju solusi optimal, tetapi memiliki kelemahan dari waktu komputasi yang tinggi. Agar diperoleh solusi yang optimal, maka jalur yang dihasilkan oleh algoritma BFS akan diproses lebih lanjut oleh algoritma path smoothing. Walaupun algoritma BFS - path smoothing memiliki waktu komputasi yang tinggi, tetapi untuk tujuan mendapatkan solusi yang optimal, waktu komputasi BFS – path smoothing masih lebih rendah daripada algoritma RRT* untuk mendapatkan solusi yang optimal. Algoritma RRT* adalah salah satu algoritma yang umum digunakan untuk perencanaan jalur pada kendaraan otonom. Proses hibridisasi ini dilakukan dengan cara menjalankan algoritma BFS terlebih dahulu untuk memberikan solusi awal. Solusi awal tersebut kemudian ditingkatkan kualitasnya menggunakan algoritma path smoothing untuk memperoleh solusi yang optimal. Pengujian algoritma BFS-path smoothing ini dilakukan secara simulasi menggunakan beberapa kasus benchmark yang ada, yaitu lingkungan narrow, maze, trap dan clutter. Kriteria optimalitas yang dibandingkan adalah biaya jalur dan waktu komputasi. Pada pengujian, performansi dari algoritma BFS-path smoothing dibandingkan dengan performansi dari algoritma RRT*. Kami menunjukkan bahwa algoritma yang diusulkan dapat menghasilkan output jalur dengan kualitas yang lebih tinggi daripada jalur yang diproduksi oleh RRT*.   Kata Kunci : Beadth First Search, path smoothing, perencanaan jalur, pengujian simulasi, RRT*

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