Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

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Effectiveness of a community-delivered pneumatic machine resistance training programme (Gym Tonic) for older adults at neighbourhood senior centres – a randomized controlled trial

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s11556-021-00273-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuen Yee Lee ◽

Alycia Goh ◽

Ken Tan ◽

Pei Ling Choo ◽

Peck Hoon Ong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Physical Function ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Training Programme ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background Resistance training with pneumatic machines attenuates the age-associated loss in muscle strength and function in older adults. However, effectiveness of scaled-up pneumatic machine resistance training in the community is not known. We evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-site community-delivered 12-week pneumatic machine resistance programme (Gym Tonic (GT)) on muscle strength and physical function in older adults. Methods Three hundred eighteen community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years were randomized into 12-week (twice/week) coach-supervised-community-based-GT-programme(n = 168) and wait-list control groups(n = 150). After 12 weeks, the intervention group continued with GT-training and the control group received supervised-GT-programme for further 12 weeks (partial-crossover-design). Fried frailty score, lower-extremity muscle strength and physical function (i.e., fast and habitual gait-speed, balance, repeated-chair-sit-to-stand, short physical performance battery (SPPB)) were determined at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. Analysis adopted a modified-intention-to-treat-approach. Results After 12 weeks, lower-extremity muscle strength improved by 11–26%(all p < 0.05) and fast gait-speed improved by 7%(p = 0.008) in GT-intervention group(n = 132) than controls(n = 118), regardless of frailty status. Other physical function performance did not differ between control and intervention groups after 12 weeks (all p > 0.05). Frailty score improved by 0.5 in the intervention but not control group(p = 0.004). Within the intervention group, lower-extremity muscle strength and physical function outcomes improved at 24 weeks compared with baseline (all p < 0.001). Within controls, lower-extremity muscle strength, SPPB, repeated-chair-sit-to-stand and fast gait-speed improved post-GT (24-week) compared to both pre-GT (12-week) and baseline. Programme adherence was high in intervention [0–12-weeks,90%(SD,13%); 12–24-weeks,89%(SD,17%)] and control [12–24-weeks,90%(SD,19%)] groups. Conclusion Community-delivered GT resistance training programme with pneumatic machines has high adherence, improves muscle strength and fast gait-speed, and can be effectively implemented at scale for older adults. Future studies could examine if including other multi-modal function-specific training to complement GT can achieve better physical/functional performance in power, balance and endurance tasks. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04661618, Registered 10 December 2020 - Retrospectively registered.

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Composite variable of lower extremity muscle strength and balance ability for evaluating risks of mobility limitation and falls in community-dwelling older adults

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ◽

10.7600/jpfsm.5.257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 257-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Takumi Abe ◽

Taishi Tsuji ◽

Yuki Soma ◽

Shaoshuai Shen ◽

Tomohiro Okura

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mobility Limitation ◽

Composite Variable ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Balance Ability ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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Effect of single and multi-joint lower extremity muscle strength on the functional capacity and ADL/IADL status in Japanese community-dwelling older adults

Nursing and Health Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1442-2018.2007.00317.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Masako Azegami ◽

Masayoshi Ohira ◽

Kei Miyoshi ◽

Chise Kobayashi ◽

Minoru Hongo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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124 Core Stability is Involved in the Fall Risk of Older Adults

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv28-iv33

Author(s):

Tagashira Satoshi ◽

Takashima Atsushi ◽

Shintani Takeshi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Fall Prevention ◽

Fall Risk ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Core Stability ◽

Step Test ◽

The Core ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background Fall prevention in older adults is an important task. Lower extremity function is a main focus in fall prevention. There are few previous studies focusing on core stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fall risk and core stability. Methods The study participants were 33 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 65±17 years old; 5 men, 28 women). The fall risk was assessed using the Fall Risk Index-21 (FRI-21). Core stability measured the retention time of Side Bridge (SB) and Front Bridge (FB). Secondary outcome measures included lower extremity muscle strength (knee extension, hip abduction) and physical function (two-step test). Statistical analysis investigated the correlation between the measurement items. Results We found a significant negative correlation between FRI-21 and SB (r = -0.51, p<0.01) and FRI-21 and FB (r = -0.47, p<0.01). We also found a correlation between FRI-21 and the two-step test (r = -0.40, p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between FRI-21 and lower extremity muscle strength. Discussion FRI and Core stability showed moderate correlation. It suggests that the core and hip muscle functions involved in posture retention are involved with fall. Conclusion The risk of falls in older adults was related to core stability. If the core stability of older adults improves, it may help to reduce the risk of falling. Therefore, it is useful to consider core stability in the assessment of fall risk.

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Association between physical functioning with cognition among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging ◽

10.53886/gga.e0210025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Fonseca Nogueira Alves ◽

Bruno Remígio Cavalcante ◽

Amanda de Araújo Valença ◽

Igor Rafael Campos ◽

Milena Lucilla Lácio Tomaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Physical Functioning ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: Declines in physical and cognitive functioning often co-exist through aging. Gait-related parameters have been related to cognitive function, although it is unclear whether other measures of physical functioning are similarly related to cognition. Here, we analyzed the relationship between physical functioning with cognition in older adults. Methods: In total, 116 participants were included (M age = 69 years, SD = 6; 71% women). We quantified cognitive functioning using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and executive functioning tasks (Digit Span Forward minus Backward and verbal fluency tests). Physical function measures included gait speed, Short-physical Performance Battery (SPPB), five-times Sit-to-Stand Test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT), and lower extremity muscle strength. We used multiple linear regression analyses to explore the association between cognitive measures and each measure of physical functioning, adjusting for age, sex, education, and RCT. Results: We observed a positive association between muscle strength and the MoCA (b = 0.84, SE = 0.40, 95%CI 0.05–1.64) after controlling for covariates. Significant associations were also found between the five-times-sit-to-stand test (b = -0.63, SE = 0.26, 95%CI -1.15–-0.12), TUG (b = -1.13, SE = 0.57, 95%CI -2.26–-0.01), 6MWT (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95%CI 0.01–0.07), and lower extremity muscle strength (b = 1.92, SE = 0.93, 95%CI 0.09–3.77) with the FAS verbal fluency test, and between the TUG (b = -0.62, SE = 0.24, 95%CI -1.11–-0.14) with animal naming. Conclusion: In community-dwelling older adults, higher levels of muscle strength, dynamic balance and cardiorespiratory fitness were positively related with global cognition and executive control measures.

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Physical Exercise Interventions For Improving Performance-Based Measures of Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Frail Older Adults

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000493577.59267.d5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Maria Giné-Garriga ◽

Marta Roqué-Fíguls ◽

Laura Coll-Planas ◽

Mercè Sitjà-Rabert ◽

Carme Martin-Borràs

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Physical Function ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Frail Older Adults

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Health condition and physical function as predictors of adherence in long-term strength and balance training among community-dwelling older adults

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 452-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Eeva Aartolahti ◽

Anna-Maija Tolppanen ◽

Eija Lönnroos ◽

Sirpa Hartikainen ◽

Arja Häkkinen

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Function ◽

Balance Training ◽

Health Condition ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Term Strength ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

Predictors Of Adherence

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QUADRICEPS STRENGTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH CHRONIC STROKE

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2431 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S655-S656

Author(s):

Kimberly Bennett ◽

Rachel A Crockett ◽

Lisanne F ten Brinke ◽

Jennifer C Davis ◽

Teresa Liu-Ambrose

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Quadriceps Strength ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Total Variance ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

History Of ◽

Variance Explained

Abstract Individuals who have suffered a stroke are at risk for developing cognitive impairment and dementia. Thus, it is important to identify modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline in this population. Among older adults without a history of stroke, greater muscle strength is associated with better cognitive function. Whether this relationship also exist in older adults with a history of stroke is not known. Thus, we aimed to examine whether cognition, as measured by both the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the 13-item Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog 13), is associated with lower extremity muscle strength in adults with chronic stroke (> 1 year post stroke). Ninety-one community-dwelling adults, aged 55 years and older, with chronic stroke were included in this analysis. Isometric strength of the quadriceps was measured bilaterally in kilograms. Two linear regression models were constructed to determine the independent association of quadriceps strength (mean kilograms of both legs) with: 1) MoCA; and 2) ADAS-Cog 13, after controlling for age, sex, and mood. Mean quadriceps strength was independently associated with both MoCA and ADAS-Cog scores, after accounting for age, sex, and mood. Specifically, quadriceps strength explained an additional 5.6% of the variable in MoCA scores; total variance explained by the model was 12.0%. For ADAS-Cog 13, quadriceps strength explained an additional 5.4% of the variance; total variance explained by the model was 16.5%. Our current cross-sectional results suggest that the maintenance of muscle strength may be important for cognitive health in older adults who have suffered a stroke.

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