QUADRICEPS STRENGTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH CHRONIC STROKE

Abstract Individuals who have suffered a stroke are at risk for developing cognitive impairment and dementia. Thus, it is important to identify modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline in this population. Among older adults without a history of stroke, greater muscle strength is associated with better cognitive function. Whether this relationship also exist in older adults with a history of stroke is not known. Thus, we aimed to examine whether cognition, as measured by both the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the 13-item Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog 13), is associated with lower extremity muscle strength in adults with chronic stroke (> 1 year post stroke). Ninety-one community-dwelling adults, aged 55 years and older, with chronic stroke were included in this analysis. Isometric strength of the quadriceps was measured bilaterally in kilograms. Two linear regression models were constructed to determine the independent association of quadriceps strength (mean kilograms of both legs) with: 1) MoCA; and 2) ADAS-Cog 13, after controlling for age, sex, and mood. Mean quadriceps strength was independently associated with both MoCA and ADAS-Cog scores, after accounting for age, sex, and mood. Specifically, quadriceps strength explained an additional 5.6% of the variable in MoCA scores; total variance explained by the model was 12.0%. For ADAS-Cog 13, quadriceps strength explained an additional 5.4% of the variance; total variance explained by the model was 16.5%. Our current cross-sectional results suggest that the maintenance of muscle strength may be important for cognitive health in older adults who have suffered a stroke.

Download Full-text

Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s11556-021-00260-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chisato Hayashi ◽

Soshiro Ogata ◽

Tadashi Okano ◽

Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽

Sonoe Mashino

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Physical Function ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Group Exercise ◽

Community Based ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

Download Full-text

Relationship Between Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Future Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With No History of Falls: A Prospective 1-Year Study

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464820932778 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 073346482093277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaqueline Mello Porto ◽

Luciana Mendes Cangussu-Oliveira ◽

Renato Campos Freire Júnior ◽

Flávio Tavares Vieira ◽

Luana Letícia Capato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Lower Limb Muscle ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

History Of ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: To investigate whether lower limb muscle strength could be a risk factor for the first fall among nonfaller community-dwelling older adults. Method: Hip, knee, and ankle peak torque (PT) was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer in 101 older adults with no history of falls in the previous year. Next, the authors followed up the participants on a monthly basis by telephone contact to determine the occurrence of fall episodes over a period of 1 year. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables was applied to assess the relationship between falls and lower limb PT. Results: there was no association between lower limb PT and future falls ( p > .05). Conclusion: Based on these results, it is important to identify other factors that predispose older adults with no history of falls to falling for the first time, so that early and effective preventive strategies may be elaborated.

Download Full-text

Composite variable of lower extremity muscle strength and balance ability for evaluating risks of mobility limitation and falls in community-dwelling older adults

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ◽

10.7600/jpfsm.5.257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 257-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Takumi Abe ◽

Taishi Tsuji ◽

Yuki Soma ◽

Shaoshuai Shen ◽

Tomohiro Okura

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mobility Limitation ◽

Composite Variable ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Balance Ability ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Download Full-text

Effect of single and multi-joint lower extremity muscle strength on the functional capacity and ADL/IADL status in Japanese community-dwelling older adults

Nursing and Health Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1442-2018.2007.00317.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Masako Azegami ◽

Masayoshi Ohira ◽

Kei Miyoshi ◽

Chise Kobayashi ◽

Minoru Hongo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Download Full-text

124 Core Stability is Involved in the Fall Risk of Older Adults

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv28-iv33

Author(s):

Tagashira Satoshi ◽

Takashima Atsushi ◽

Shintani Takeshi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Fall Prevention ◽

Fall Risk ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Core Stability ◽

Step Test ◽

The Core ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background Fall prevention in older adults is an important task. Lower extremity function is a main focus in fall prevention. There are few previous studies focusing on core stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fall risk and core stability. Methods The study participants were 33 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 65±17 years old; 5 men, 28 women). The fall risk was assessed using the Fall Risk Index-21 (FRI-21). Core stability measured the retention time of Side Bridge (SB) and Front Bridge (FB). Secondary outcome measures included lower extremity muscle strength (knee extension, hip abduction) and physical function (two-step test). Statistical analysis investigated the correlation between the measurement items. Results We found a significant negative correlation between FRI-21 and SB (r = -0.51, p<0.01) and FRI-21 and FB (r = -0.47, p<0.01). We also found a correlation between FRI-21 and the two-step test (r = -0.40, p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between FRI-21 and lower extremity muscle strength. Discussion FRI and Core stability showed moderate correlation. It suggests that the core and hip muscle functions involved in posture retention are involved with fall. Conclusion The risk of falls in older adults was related to core stability. If the core stability of older adults improves, it may help to reduce the risk of falling. Therefore, it is useful to consider core stability in the assessment of fall risk.

Download Full-text

Association between physical functioning with cognition among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging ◽

10.53886/gga.e0210025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Fonseca Nogueira Alves ◽

Bruno Remígio Cavalcante ◽

Amanda de Araújo Valença ◽

Igor Rafael Campos ◽

Milena Lucilla Lácio Tomaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Physical Functioning ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: Declines in physical and cognitive functioning often co-exist through aging. Gait-related parameters have been related to cognitive function, although it is unclear whether other measures of physical functioning are similarly related to cognition. Here, we analyzed the relationship between physical functioning with cognition in older adults. Methods: In total, 116 participants were included (M age = 69 years, SD = 6; 71% women). We quantified cognitive functioning using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and executive functioning tasks (Digit Span Forward minus Backward and verbal fluency tests). Physical function measures included gait speed, Short-physical Performance Battery (SPPB), five-times Sit-to-Stand Test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT), and lower extremity muscle strength. We used multiple linear regression analyses to explore the association between cognitive measures and each measure of physical functioning, adjusting for age, sex, education, and RCT. Results: We observed a positive association between muscle strength and the MoCA (b = 0.84, SE = 0.40, 95%CI 0.05–1.64) after controlling for covariates. Significant associations were also found between the five-times-sit-to-stand test (b = -0.63, SE = 0.26, 95%CI -1.15–-0.12), TUG (b = -1.13, SE = 0.57, 95%CI -2.26–-0.01), 6MWT (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95%CI 0.01–0.07), and lower extremity muscle strength (b = 1.92, SE = 0.93, 95%CI 0.09–3.77) with the FAS verbal fluency test, and between the TUG (b = -0.62, SE = 0.24, 95%CI -1.11–-0.14) with animal naming. Conclusion: In community-dwelling older adults, higher levels of muscle strength, dynamic balance and cardiorespiratory fitness were positively related with global cognition and executive control measures.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of Community-Delivered Functional Power Training Program for Frail and Pre-frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults: a Randomized Controlled Study

Prevention Science ◽

10.1007/s11121-021-01221-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nien Xiang Tou ◽

Shiou-Liang Wee ◽

Wei Ting Seah ◽

Daniella Hui Min Ng ◽

Benedict Wei Jun Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Power Training ◽

Frail Older Adults ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractTranslation of community-based functional training for older adults to reduce frailty is still lacking. We evaluated the effectiveness and implementation of a community-delivered group-based functional power training (FPT) program for frail older adults within their neighborhoods. A two-arm, multicenter assessor-blind stratified randomized controlled trial was conducted at four local senior activity centers in Singapore. Sixty-one community-dwelling older adults with low handgrip strength were randomized to intervention (IG) or control (CG) group. The IG underwent the FPT program (power and balance exercises using simple equipment) delivered by a community service provider. The 12-week program comprised 2 × 60 min sessions/week. CG continued usual activities at the centers. Functional performance, muscle strength, and frailty status were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Program implementation was evaluated using RE-AIM framework. The program was halted due to Coronavirus Disease 2019-related suspension of senior center activities. Results are reported from four centers, which completed the program. IG showed significantly greater improvement in the Short Physical Performance Battery test as compared to CG (p = 0.047). No effects were found for timed up and go test performance, muscle strength, and frailty status. The community program exhibited good reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation. Our study demonstrated that FPT was associated with greater improvement in physical function in pre-frail/frail participants as compared to exercise activities offered at local senior activity centers. It is a feasible intervention that can be successfully implemented for frail older adults in their neighborhoods. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04438876. Registered 19 June 2020–retrospectively registered.

Download Full-text

Impact of Malnutrition Status on Muscle Parameter Changes over a 5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the SarcoPhAge Cohort

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

Laetitia Lengelé ◽

Olivier Bruyère ◽

Charlotte Beaudart ◽

Jean-Yves Reginster ◽

Médéa Locquet

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

P Values ◽

Student’S T ◽

The Impact ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the 5-year evolution of physical performance, muscle mass and muscle strength in participants from the SarcoPhAge cohort, consisting of community-dwelling older adults. The malnutrition status was assessed at baseline (T0) according to the “Global Leadership Initiatives on Malnutrition” (GLIM) criteria, and the muscle parameters were evaluated both at T0 and after five years of follow-up (T5). Lean mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip dynamometry, the short physical performance battery test and the timed up and go test, respectively. Differences in muscle outcomes according to nutritional status were tested using Student’s t-test. The association between malnutrition and the relative 5-year change in the muscle parameters was tested using multiple linear regressions adjusted for several covariates. A total of 411 participants (mean age of 72.3 ± 6.1 years, 56% women) were included. Of them, 96 individuals (23%) were diagnosed with malnutrition at baseline. Their muscle parameters were significantly lower than those of the well-nourished patients both at baseline and after five years of follow-up (all p-values < 0.05), except for muscle strength in women at T5, which was not significantly lower in the presence of malnutrition. However, the 5-year changes in muscle parameters of malnourished individuals were not significantly different than those of well-nourished individuals (all p-values > 0.05).

Download Full-text