Bone mineral density in elite masters athletes: the effect of body composition and long-term exercise

Abstract Background The purpose of the study was to examine how bone mineral density (BMD) is related to body composition depending on the practiced sport (endurance, speed-power, throwing sports) in participants of the World Masters Athletics Championship. Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to determine BMD and bone mass (BMC). Body composition was analyzed by means of the JAWON Medical X-scan analyzer using bioelectrical impedance methods. Percentage body fat (%BF), body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM), total body water (TBW), soft lean mass (SLM), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) were evaluated. Results Among men, the most important variables affecting the BMD norm were LBM (OR = 32.578; p = 0.023), ECW (OR = 0.003; p = 0.016) and ICW (OR = 0.011; p = 0.031), in the distal part and SLM (OR = 5.008; p = 0.020) and ICW (0.354, p = 0.008) in the proximal part. In women, the most important predictors of normal BMD were ICW (OR = 10.174; p = 0.003) and LBM (OR = 0.470; p = 0.020) in the distal part and ICW (OR = 5.254; p = 0.038) in the proximal part. Conclusion The representatives of strength based events had the most advantageous BMD levels. The condition of bone tissue evaluated by BMC and BMD of the forearm in masters athletes was strongly determined by the level of lean body components and the type of sports training associated with the track and field event. In the most important predictors of the BMD norm were also hydration components ECW and ICW. However, this relationship requires more research on the nature and mechanisms of these interactions.

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Bone mineral density in middle-aged women with Turner's syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1320047 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 47-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Lisskulla Sylvén ◽

Kerstin Hagenfeldt ◽

Hans Ringertz

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Turner's Syndrome ◽

Turner’S Syndrome ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Body

Sylvén L, Hagenfeldt K, Ringertz H. Bone mineral density in middle-aged women with Turner's syndrome. Eur J Endrocrinol 1995;132:47–52. ISSN 0804–4643 Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content and body composition were determined in 47 middle-aged (mean age 47.9 ± 1.1 years) women with Turner's syndrome. Bone mineral density was measured in the forearm, femoral neck and total body. The women investigated had a BMD lower than the normal mean. When expressed as Z scores (individual values compared to normal reference data matched for age, weight and sex), the median Z score of the total body was −1.23. When comparing women with the karyotype 45,X and mosaic women, the latter showed a higher BMD in all sites of measurement. Duration of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) differed significantly between the mosaic and the 45,X women, with a longer duration in the mosaic group (20.7 ± 2 vs 12.1 ± 2.6 years; p < 0.01). The duration of HRT was found to be the more important factor to maintain bone mass, not the karyotype. Bone mineral density increased with years of HRT but not until after > 20 years of HRT could a significant difference be shown between the women with HRT ≤ 20 years and those with HRT > 20 years. No correlation was found between BMD and body weight, body fat or percentage body fat. Whether the osteopenia found in women with Turner's syndrome is similar to that found postmenopausally or is a specific form related to the chromosome aberration remains to be investigated further. The present data support a relation to estrogen deficiency. Lisskulla Sylvén, Department of Woman and Child Health, Division for Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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O41 Percentage body fat as a predictor for fragility fracture: an observational study

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa110.040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Dominic T Beith ◽

Marwan Bukhari

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fragility Fracture ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Fragility Fractures ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Percentage Body Fat

Abstract Background A body mass index (BMI) of less than 19 is a known risk factor for the development of osteoporosis and thus increases the propensity of one having a fragility fracture. Bone mineral density (BMD) referrals are aided by the FRAX™ tool, which contains BMI in order to calculate the ten-year fracture risk. We aimed to investigate the effect of percentage body fat on risk of fracture referred for BMD estimation. Methods Between June 2004 and October 2015, patients were referred for bone mineral density (BMD) estimation in a scanner in the North West of England. All patients were referred with all FRAX™ indications including rheumatoid arthritis, excess alcohol, steroids, family history of fracture and secondary osteoporosis. The cohort was divided into quintiles of ascending body mass percentage. Logistical regression was then applied before adjusting for age at scan, gender and total left BMD comparing patients with a fracture and those that had not. Results 35,759 patients were referred for scanning during the period. 22,765 (63.66%) were referred for BMD estimation and had body fat percentage measured. Mean age at scan was 63.16 (SD 12.86) and 18,961 (88.29%) of the cohort were females. 8,072 (35.46%) had a fracture. More fractures were seen in higher quintiles of percentage body fat, 1,693 (20.97%) compared to 1,580 (19.57%) in females (p = <0.05). Predictors shown in the Table 1 below adjusted for age at scan, gender and total left BMD. Logistical regression of the quintiles after adjustment shows statistical significance in quintiles 3, 4 and 5 as well as for age at scan and total left BMD. Other predictors did not shows statistical significance p > 0.05. Conclusion Our study of 22,765 patients referred for BMD estimations opposes current literature on the effect of BMI on fragility fractures. The data shows that increasing percentage body fat in associated with an increased propensity of fragility fractures in those with BMI as a FRAX™ indicator. Currently percentage body fact is not featured in the FRAX™ tool and further work needs to be done to show the relationship between fracture risk and percentage body fat. Disclosures D.T. Beith: None. M. Bukhari: None.

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Comparison of Muscle Function, Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition of Early Starting and Later Starting Older Masters Athletes

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2019.01050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jessica Piasecki ◽

Alex Ireland ◽

Mathew Piasecki ◽

Kevin Deere ◽

Kimberley Hannam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Masters Athletes

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Correction to: Bone mineral density in elite masters athletes: the effect of body composition and long-term exercise

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s11556-021-00267-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Kopiczko ◽

Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk ◽

Karol Gryko ◽

Marek Popowczak

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Masters Athletes

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Equation to Fat Percentage Estimation in Women with Reduced Bone Mineral Density

The Open Sports Sciences Journal ◽

10.2174/1875399x01710010251 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 251-256

Author(s):

Cristiane da Silva Oselame ◽

Gleidson Brandão Oselame ◽

Oslei de Matos ◽

Eduardo Borba Neves

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Postmenopausal Period

Introduction: The measurement of body fat is a way to obtain information about the characteristics that can lead to a framework of certain diseases. Thus, women in postmenopausal period experience significant variations in the body composition and fat distribution. Objective: To develop an equation to estimation of the body fat percentage in women with osteopenia / osteoporosis based on anthropometric measurements easily obtainable. Methods: The sample consisted of 74 women participating in the study group of the Physical Exercise Program for Osteoporosis Federal Technological University of Paraná, all in postmenopausal period and with osteopenia or osteoporosis. It evaluated body composition and bone mineral density by absorptiometry Radiological Dual Energy (DXA), anthropometry and body circumferences (waist, abdomen and hips), and nutritional status by the Body Mass Index (BMI) as the World Health Organization classification. Results: The sample can be characterized by the following average data: age of 59.32 ± 6.96, 27.14 ± 3 BMI 90, Waist Hip Ratio of 0.85 ± 0.08 and Body fat percentage 40.35 ± 4.04. The proposed equation was Body Fat Percentage (BFP) = 14,419 + (0.405 x BMI) + (0.147 x HC) using only two predictor variables, BMI and hip circumference (PQ). Conclusion: The standard error of estimate of the proposed equation was 2.89 (R2 = 0.501) can be considered low average values for the percentage of fat in this population, suggesting that the equation can be used to estimate the percentage of body fat in postmenopausal women.

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