Effects of no-till and rice varieties on nitrogen and phosphorus balance in rice fields

Abstract Background: Nutrient balance in rice paddy fields can change under different tillage management practices; however, the extent of the change may differ for various rice varieties. A field experiment was conducted over 2 successive years from June 2016 to June 2018 to clarify the effects of different tillage methods and rice varieties on nutrients remaining in the surface soil and those taken up by the rice. There were four tillage/rice variety treatments: no-till/japonica rice (NTJ), no-till/glutinous rice (NTG), conventional tillage/japonica rice (CTJ), and conventional tillage/glutinous rice (CTG) with three replicates of each.Results: The tillage method and rice variety had interactive effects on the surface balance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). After the 2-year experiment, total N and P pools in the 20 cm surface soil layer were highest under the NTJ treatment (4757.0 kg N ha-1, 2428.5 kg P ha-1) and lowest under the CTG treatments (4726.3 kg N ha-1, 2412.0 kg P ha-1). Under no-till conditions, japonica rice had higher grain yield but lower straw biomass than that of glutinous rice. NTG treatment significantly increased the N and P content in rice grains and straw. The environmental losses of N and P in the rice fields mainly occurred during the rice season. Based on nutrient balance estimation, N losses in the NTJ, NTG, and CTJ treatments were reduced by 15.03 kg N ha-1, 11.55 kg N ha-1, 6.72 kg N ha-1, respectively, as compared with that of the CTG treatment. The corresponding P losses were reduced by 8.02 kg P ha-1, 7.84 kg P ha-1, and 3.96 kg P ha-1. In terms of economic benefits, NTJ also resulted in the highest actual income (18896.5 yuan ha-1) and the highest ratio of production to investment (6.40).Conclusion: No-till was more likely to maintain soil N and P nutrients than conventional tillage, and this advantage was most significant when planting japonica rice. In addition, no-till was conducive to N and P uptake by rice, but only japonica rice exhibited increased grain yield. Consequently, the NTJ treatment was recommended.

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Effects of no-till and rice varieties on nitrogen and phosphorus balance in rice fields

10.21203/rs.2.19947/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jiao Yang ◽

XINQIANG LIANG ◽

Hua Li ◽

Yanfeng Chen ◽

Guangming Tian

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Total N ◽

No Till ◽

Glutinous Rice

Abstract Background: Nutrient balance in rice paddy fields can change under different tillage management practices; however, the extent of the change may differ for various rice varieties . A field experiment was conducted over 2 successive years to clarify the effects of no-till and rice varieties on the apparent balance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Four treatments: no-till/japonica rice (NTJ), no-till/glutinous rice (NTG), conventional tillage/japonica rice (CTJ), and conventional tillage/glutinous rice (CTG) with three replicates of each were established to test the hypothesis that no-till and japonica rice can improve the apparent balance of nutrients. Results: The tillage method and rice variety had interactive effects on the apparent balance of N and P. After the 2-year experiment, total N and P pools in the 20 cm surface soil layer were highest under the NTJ treatment (4757.0 kg N ha -1 , 2428.5 kg P ha -1 ) and lowest under the CTG treatments (4726.3 kg N ha -1 , 2412.0 kg P ha -1 ). Under no-till conditions, japonica rice had higher grain yield but lower straw biomass than that of glutinous rice. NTG treatment significantly increased the N and P content in rice grains and straw. The environmental losses of N and P in the rice fields mainly occurred during the rice season. Based on nutrient balance estimation, N losses in the NTJ, NTG, and CTJ treatments were reduced by 15.03 kg N ha -1 , 11.55 kg N ha -1 , 6.72 kg N ha -1 , respectively, as compared with that of the CTG treatment. The corresponding P losses were reduced by 8.02 kg P ha -1 , 7.84 kg P ha -1 , and 3.96 kg P ha -1 . In terms of economic benefits, NTJ also resulted in the highest actual income [2724.25 US dollars] and the highest ratio of production investment (6.40). Conclusion: No - till was more likely to maintain soil N and P nutrients than conventional tillage, and this advantage was most significant when planting japonica rice. In addition, no-till was conducive to N and P uptake by rice, but only japonica rice exhibited increased grain yield. Consequently, the NTJ treatment was recommended to improve the N and P balance.

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Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0475 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (3-5) ◽

pp. 691-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. P. Craig ◽

R. R. Weil

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽

Grain Production ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Mineral N ◽

Low Input ◽

No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

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Rice safety and control of penoxsulam resistant and susceptible barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) populations with soil-applied herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.17 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Tingting Liu ◽

Jialin Yu ◽

Jiapeng Fang ◽

Liyao Dong

Keyword(s):

Rice Fields ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

And Control

Abstract Resistance to penoxsulam among barnyardgrass populations is prevalent in rice fields in China. Seeds of penoxsulam-resistant (AXXZ-2) and -susceptible (JLGY-3) barnyardgrass populations, as well as the seeds of two rice varieties including Wuyungeng32 (WY) and Liangyou669 (LY) were planted in plastic pots and then treated with a rate titration of acetochlor, anilofos, butachlor, clomazone, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, pretilachlor, pyraclonil, or thiobencarb. The two barnyardgrass populations exhibited similar susceptibility to acetochlor, anilofos, butachlor, oxadiazon, pretilachlor, or pyraclonil. However, the susceptibility differed between the barnyardgrass populations in response to clomazone, pendimethalin, and thiobencarb. For AXXZ-2, herbicide rates that caused 50% reduction in shoot biomass from the nontreated control (GR50) were 179, >800, and 1798 g ha-1 for clomazone, pendimethalin, and thiobencarb, respectively; while JLGY-3 GR50 values were 61, 166, and 552 g ha-1, respectively. Both rice varieties demonstrated excellent tolerance to acetochlor, butachlor, oxadiazon, pretilachlor, and thiobencarb. However, substantial rice damage was observed with anilofos and clomazone. Anilofos at 352 g ha-1 and clomazone at 448 g ha-1 reduced rice shoot biomass by 41 and 50% from the nontreated, respectively. Averaged across herbicide rates, clomazone reduced rice shoot biomass from the nontreated control by 52 and 34% for WY and LY, respectively; and pendimethalin reduced rice shoot biomass from the nontreated control by 25 and 9% for WY and LY, respectively.

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance Indicators in Organic Soils

Organic Soils and Peat Materials for Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.1201/9781420040098-6 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 105-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Léon E. Parent ◽

Lotfi Khiari

Keyword(s):

Organic Soils ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Balance

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Kepelbagaian Artropod dalam Tanaman Padi Tradisional di Batang Lupar, Sarawak

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v70.3535 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Fitri Masarudin ◽

Maisarah Mohamad Saad

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Insect Predators ◽

Richness Index

The diversity of arthropod consists of pests and predators in rice fields were contribute to the biological control of crop pests at different stages of growth. The rice fields in Batang Lupar, Sarawak has diverse ecological conditions as well as presence of arthropod too. The study in MARDI research plot Batang Lupar in Sri Aman, Sarawak had been done on traditional rice varieties, Bubuk, Bali and Mamut by using sweeping net. The entire specimens were sorted out and classified into the smallest possible taxa. Statistical analysis were analysed by using Shanon-wiener Diversity Index, Evenness Shannon Index and Margalef Richness Index. A total of 272 individual arthropods had been collected and it consists of 7 order, 18 families and 23 species. Among of that 3 species are spiders, 9 species are insect pests and 11 species are insect predators. Analysis data for the diversity of arthropod has shown that there were no significantly different between three varieties, Bubuk, Bali and Mamut (P > 0.05). Besides that, diversity of the arthropod in Bali is higher than Bubuk and Mamut.

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