Publisher Correction to: Three-dimensional tumor growth in time-varying chemical fields: a modeling framework and theoretical study

The single-column mode (SCM) of the ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic) modeling framework is presented. The primary purpose of the ICON SCM is to use it as a tool for research, model evaluation and development. Thanks to the simplified geometry of the ICON SCM, various aspects of the ICON model, in particular the model physics, can be studied in a well-controlled environment. Additionally, the ICON SCM has a reduced computational cost and a low data storage demand. The ICON SCM can be utilized for idealized cases—several well-established cases are already included—or for semi-realistic cases based on analyses or model forecasts. As the case setup is defined by a single NetCDF file, new cases can be prepared easily by the modification of this file. We demonstrate the usage of the ICON SCM for different idealized cases such as shallow convection, stratocumulus clouds, and radiative transfer. Additionally, the ICON SCM is tested for a semi-realistic case together with an equivalent three-dimensional setup and the large eddy simulation mode of ICON. Such consistent comparisons across the hierarchy of ICON configurations are very helpful for model development. The ICON SCM will be implemented into the operational ICON model and will serve as an additional tool for advancing the development of the ICON model.

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Theoretical study of the transition from planar to three-dimensional structures of palladium clusters supported on graphene

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.81.035403 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

I. Cabria ◽

M. J. López ◽

J. A. Alonso

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Study ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Palladium Clusters

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Three-dimensional finite-element formulation for problems involving time-varying fields, relative motion, and magnetic saturation

IEE Proceedings A Science Measurement and Technology ◽

10.1049/ip-a-3.1993.0020 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 140 (2) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Williamson ◽

E.K.C. Chan

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Relative Motion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Finite Element Formulation ◽

Magnetic Saturation ◽

Element Formulation ◽

Time Varying ◽

Dimensional Finite Element ◽

Three Dimensional Finite Element

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Marine boundary layer cloud regimes and POC formation in a CRM coupled to a bulk aerosol scheme

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-13-12549-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 12549-12572 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

A. H. Berner ◽

C. S. Bretherton ◽

R. Wood ◽

A. Muhlbauer

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Marine Boundary Layer ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

State Variables ◽

Liquid Water Path ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Boundary Layer Cloud ◽

Cloud Regimes ◽

Layer Cloud

Abstract. A cloud-resolving model (CRM) coupled to a new intermediate-complexity bulk aerosol scheme is used to study aerosol–boundary-layer–cloud–precipitation interactions and the development of pockets of open cells (POCs) in subtropical stratocumulus cloud layers. The aerosol scheme prognoses mass and number concentration of a single lognormal accumulation mode with surface and entrainment sources, evolving subject to processing of activated aerosol and scavenging of dry aerosol by clouds and rain. The CRM with the aerosol scheme is applied to a range of steadily forced cases idealized from a well-observed POC. The long-term system evolution is explored with extended two-dimensional (2-D) simulations of up to 20 days, mostly with diurnally averaged insolation and 24 km wide domains, and one 10 day three-dimensional (3-D) simulation. Both 2-D and 3-D simulations support the Baker–Charlson hypothesis of two distinct aerosol–cloud "regimes" (deep/high-aerosol/non-drizzling and shallow/low-aerosol/drizzling) that persist for days; transitions between these regimes, driven by either precipitation scavenging or aerosol entrainment from the free-troposphere (FT), occur on a timescale of ten hours. The system is analyzed using a two-dimensional phase plane with inversion height and boundary layer average aerosol concentrations as state variables; depending on the specified subsidence rate and availability of FT aerosol, these regimes are either stable equilibria or distinct legs of a slow limit cycle. The same steadily forced modeling framework is applied to the coupled development and evolution of a POC and the surrounding overcast boundary layer in a larger 192 km wide domain. An initial 50% aerosol reduction is applied to half of the model domain. This has little effect until the stratocumulus thickens enough to drizzle, at which time the low-aerosol portion transitions into open-cell convection, forming a POC. Reduced entrainment in the POC induces a negative feedback between the areal fraction covered by the POC and boundary layer depth changes. This stabilizes the system by controlling liquid water path and precipitation sinks of aerosol number in the overcast region, while also preventing boundary layer collapse within the POC, allowing the POC and overcast to coexist indefinitely in a quasi-steady equilibrium.

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Sizing up the Situation: A Three-dimensional Human Figure Modeling Framework for Military Systems Design

Designing Soldier Systems ◽

10.1201/9781315576756-17 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 369-403

Author(s):

Richard W. Kozycki

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Systems Design ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Military Systems ◽

Human Figure

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Time-varying mesh stiffness calculation for gear pairs with misalignment errors in multiple degrees of freedom based on an analytical method

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/09544062211039249 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440622110392

Author(s):

Qi Wen ◽

Qi Chen ◽

Qungui Du ◽

Yong Yang

Keyword(s):

Analytical Model ◽

Contact Line ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Single Pair ◽

Time Varying ◽

Mesh Stiffness ◽

Position Change ◽

Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Effective Contact

Misalignment errors (MEs) in multiple degrees of freedom (multi-DOFs) at the mesh position will lead to a change in the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) and then affect the dynamic behaviour of gear pairs. Therefore, a new, more rapid, three-dimensional analytical model for TVMS calculation for gear pairs with three rotational and three translational MEs is established in this paper, and a new solution method based on potential energy theory is presented. In addition, the correctness of the new model is verified by the finite element method (FEM). Moreover, the effective contact line, uneven distribution of mesh force on the contact line, and mesh position change are taken into account. Finally, the TVMS under different ME conditions is calculated with the new analytical model. The results showed that the different MEs have dissimilar effects on the TVMS, and the relationship between the ME and TVMS is nonlinear. In addition, the region of single-pair and double-pair teeth in contact would also change with ME.

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