Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss in a Swirl Multi-pass Channel with Convergent Jet Slots

This paper presents a comparative experimental and numerical study of the heat transfer and pressure loss in a swirl multi-pass channel with tangential jet slots, and another baseline multi-pass channel with 180-deg U-bends as comparison baseline has also been investigated. Transient liquid crystal thermography is used to obtain the detailed heat transfer distribution on the internal surfaces of the multi-pass serpentine channels. The heat transfer patterns in the swirl multi-pass channel are quite different from that of the baseline multi-pass channel. Compared with the baseline multi-pass channel, the experimental globally averaged Nusselt number ratios of the last two passes in the swirl multi-pass channel can be increased by up to 82.9%, 104.8% and 124.6% for the Reynolds numbers 20,000, 40,000 and 60,000, respectively. The high and circumferentially uniform heat transfer is mainly due to the large-scale swirling flow induced by the tangential slots. More detailly, the large-scale swirling flow impinges onto the surface and further induces high tangential velocity near the wall, which destroys the boundary layer flow and thus improves the heat transfer rates at the wall. However, the notable pressure loss of the swirl multi-pass channel should be further controlled reasonably, which is about 5.4 times that of the baseline multi-pass channel. As supplements to the experiments, three-dimensional numerical computations provide more insights into the turbulent flow structure in the two kinds of multi-pass serpentine channels.

Comparative analysis of air and water flows in simplified hydraulic turbine models

This article presents a comparative analysis of flow characteristics behind a hydraulic turbine runner in air and water. Swirling flow with a precessing vortex core (PVC) was investigated using a laser Doppler anemometer and pressure pulsation sensors. The experiments were conducted on aerodynamic and hydrodynamic test rigs over a wide range of hydraulic turbine operating conditions. Part-load modes of hydraulic turbine operation were investigated using the Fourier transform of pressure pulsations obtained from acoustic sensors. The features of the swirling flow were shown for the range of operating conditions from deep partl-load to overload.

Structure and Branching of Unstable Modes in a Swirling Flow

Swirling has a significant effect on the main characteristics of flow and can lead to its fundamental restructuring. On the flow axis, a stagnation point with zero velocity is possible, behind which a return flow zone is formed. The apparent instability leads to the formation of secondary vortex motions and can also be the cause of vortex breakdown. In the paper, a swirling flow with a velocity profile of the Batchelor vortex type has been studied on the basis of the linear hydrodynamic stability theory. An effective numerical method for solving the spectral problem has been developed. This method includes the asymptotic solutions at artificial and irregular singular points. The stability of flows was considered for the values of the Reynolds number in the range 10≤Re≤5×106. The calculations were carried out for the value of the azimuthal wavenumber parameter n=−1. As a result of the analysis of the solutions, the existence of up to eight simultaneously occurring unstable modes has been shown. The paper presents a classification of the detected modes. The critical parameters are calculated for each mode. For fixed values of the Reynolds numbers 60≤Re≤5000, the curves of neutral stability are plotted. Branching points of unstable modes are found. The maximum growth rates for each mode are determined. A new viscous instability mode is found. The performed calculations reveal the instability of the Batchelor vortex at large values of the swirl parameter for long-wave disturbances.

Aerodynamic interaction of turbines in a regulated two-stage turbocharging system

Two-stage turbocharging becomes prevailing in internal combustion engines due to its advantage of flexibility of boosting for the variation of operational conditions. Two turbochargers are closely coupled by engine manifolds in the system especially under the requirement of compactness. This paper studies the influence of the interaction of two turbines in a two-stage turbocharging system on the performance. Results show that the performance of low-pressure turbine is highly sensitive to the stage interaction. Specifically, compared with the cases without interaction, the efficiency of low-pressure turbine increases maximumly by 2.8% when the bypass valve is closed, but reduces drastically by 7.5% when the valve is open. Detailed flow analysis shows that the combined results of swirling flow from the high-pressure turbine and the Dean vortex caused by the manifold elbow result in the alleviation of entropy generation in the turbine rotor. However, when the bypass valve is open, interaction of the swirling flow with the injected bypass flow results in strong secondary flow in the volute and distorted inlet flow condition for the rotor, leading to the enhancement of entropy generation in low-pressure turbine. The study provides valuable insights into turbine performance in a two-stage turbocharging system, which can be used for the modeling and optimization of multi-stage turbocharging systems.

Investigation of unsteady combustion of methane-air flame in a model combustion chamber with swirling flow

The present paper reports on the investigation of unsteady combustion of a methane-air mixture, including combustion at increased pressure in the combustion chamber and increased temperature of mixture heating for a model gas-turbine swirl burner based on a design by Turbomeca. To measure the velocity and OH fluorescence fields in the flows a combination of stereoscopic PIV and acetone PLIF systems is used. In all cases, the flow dynamics is associated with the movement of large-scale vortex structures in the inner and outer mixing layers and the flow structure corresponds to a swirling jet with a central recirculation zone containing combustion products. An increase in the heating temperature of the mixture and pressure in the combustion chamber leads to a periodic partial separation of the flame from the model swirl nozzle. However, the flow of fuel through the central channel will stabilize the flame.

Large-eddy simulation of a reacting swirling flow in a model combustion chamber

We perform Large-eddy simulations of a non-premixed swirling flame in a model of a combustion chamber with a swirling air bulk flow at Re = 15000 and a central pilot low-velocity jet with methane using the Flamelet-generated manifold model. The unsteady behaviour of this regime is well reproduced based on the flame dynamics. The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy suggests the presence of intensive vortical structures typical of high-swirl flows similar to the precessing vortex core.