Parallelisation strategies for agent based simulation of immune systems

Abstract Background In recent years, the study of immune response behaviour using bottom up approach, Agent Based Modeling (ABM), has attracted considerable efforts. The ABM approach is a very common technique in the biological domain due to high demand for a large scale analysis tools for the collection and interpretation of information to solve biological problems. Simulating massive multi-agent systems (i.e. simulations containing a large number of agents/entities) requires major computational effort which is only achievable through the use of parallel computing approaches. Results This paper explores different approaches to parallelising the key component of biological and immune system models within an ABM model: pairwise interactions. The focus of this paper is on the performance and algorithmic design choices of cell interactions in continuous and discrete space where agents/entities are competing to interact with one another within a parallel environment. Conclusions Our performance results demonstrate the applicability of these methods to a broader class of biological systems exhibiting typical cell to cell interactions. The advantage and disadvantage of each implementation is discussed showing each can be used as the basis for developing complete immune system models on parallel hardware.

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Trust in multi-agent systems

The Knowledge Engineering Review ◽

10.1017/s0269888904000116 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 343

Author(s):

SARVAPALI D. RAMCHURN ◽

DONG HUYNH ◽

NICHOLAS R. JENNINGS

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Multi Agent Systems ◽

Agent Based ◽

Agent Systems ◽

The Core ◽

Open Distributed Systems ◽

Multi Agent

Trust is a fundamental concern in large-scale open distributed systems. It lies at the core of all interactions between the entities that have to operate in such uncertain and constantly changing environments. Given this complexity, these components, and the ensuing system, are increasingly being conceptualised, designed, and built using agent-based techniques and, to this end, this paper examines the specific role of trust in multi-agent systems. In particular, we survey the state of the art and provide an account of the main directions along which research efforts are being focused. In so doing, we critically evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of the main models that have been proposed and show how, fundamentally, they all seek to minimise the uncertainty in interactions. Finally, we outline the areas that require further research in order to develop a comprehensive treatment of trust in complex computational settings.

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Multiscale dynamics of COVID-19 and model-based recommendations for 105 countries

10.1101/2020.06.05.20123547 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jithender J. Timothy ◽

Vijaya Holla ◽

Günther Meschke

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Multiple Scales ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Real Data ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Agent Based ◽

Multiscale Dynamics ◽

Large Scale Analysis ◽

Disease Spreading ◽

Country Specific

We analyse the dynamics of COVID-19 using computational modelling at multiple scales. For large scale analysis, we propose a 2-scale lattice extension of the classical SIR-type compartmental model with spatial interactions called the Lattice-SIRQL model. Computational simulations show that global quantifiers are not completely representative of the actual dynamics of the disease especially when mitigation measures such as quarantine and lockdown are applied. Furthermore, using real data of confirmed COVID-19 cases, we calibrate the Lattice-SIRQL model for 105 countries. The calibrated model is used to make country specific recommendations for lockdown relaxation and lockdown continuation. Finally, using an agent-based model we analyse the influence of cluster level relaxation rate and lockdown duration on disease spreading.

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A Security Model for Multi-Agent Based on DFL

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.1152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 546-547 ◽

pp. 1152-1157

Author(s):

Dong Xiao Liu

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Computer Security ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Security Model ◽

Multi Agent Systems ◽

Application Development ◽

Agent Based ◽

Security Models ◽

Multi Agent ◽

Historical Contribution

Both research and application development in the area of multi-agent currently undertakes rapid expansion but only if adequate security can be provided. Without a correct security mechanism, multi-agent system suffers from fundamental insecurities. By considering both the historical contribution of computer security and the needs of agent-based systems, we present requirements for multi-agent systems security which emphasize the identification and evolution of agents. Existing security models are evaluated against these requirements and generally found wanting. On the other hand, the state of agents have dynamic attribute and that its environment has fuzzy attribute. So, we introduced Dynamic Fuzzy Logic (DFL[14]) to describe agent and the changing of its state. Artificial Immune System (AIS) is a novel evolutionary paradigm inspired by the biological aspects of the immune system. There are widely agreed in characteristics of agents and AIS, such as dynamic, self-study, self-adaptability, self-organization, etc. So it is a natural thing that AI theory is introduced into multi-agent. In this paper, we present the multi-agent immune secure model based on DFL , then a application example is given to simulate the process of the model.

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Agent-Based Approach in Roadway Traffic and Transportation Systems: State of the Art

Volume 9: Mechanical Systems and Control, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/imece2007-43010 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Chen ◽

Harry H. Cheng ◽

Joe Palen

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Dynamic Environment ◽

Congestion Management ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Agent Technology ◽

Future Research ◽

Traffic Signal Control ◽

Multi Agent Systems ◽

Agent Based

Agent technology is rapidly emerging as one of the powerful technologies for the development of large-scale distributed systems to deal with the uncertainty in a dynamic environment. The domain of traffic and transportation systems is well suited for an agent-based approach because systems are usually geographically distributed in dynamic changing environments. Our literature survey shows that the techniques and methods resulted from the field of agent and multi-agent systems have been applied to many aspects of traffic and transportation systems, including modeling and simulation, dynamic routing and congestion management, intelligent traffic management, and urban traffic signal control. This paper examines agent-based approach and its applications in roadway traffic and transportation systems, and discusses several future research directions towards successful deployment of agent technology in traffic and transportation systems.

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Multi-Agent Systems

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9071402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1402 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vicente Julian ◽

Vicente Botti

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Multi Agent Systems ◽

Special Issue ◽

Agent Based ◽

Agent Systems ◽

Technical Preparation ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Multi Agent ◽

Widespread Interest ◽

Current Advance

With the current advance of technology, agent-based applications are becoming a standard in a great variety of domains such as e-commerce, logistics, supply chain management, telecommunications, healthcare, and manufacturing. Another reason for the widespread interest in multi-agent systems is that these systems are seen as a technology and a tool that helps in the analysis and development of new models and theories in large-scale distributed systems or in human-centered systems. This last aspect is currently of great interest due to the need for democratization in the use of technology that allows people without technical preparation to interact with the devices in a simple and coherent way. In this Special Issue, different interesting approaches that advance this research discipline have been selected and presented.

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