scholarly journals Nectar-dwelling microbes of common tansy are attractive to its mosquito pollinator, Culex pipiens L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. H. Peach ◽  
C. Carroll ◽  
S. Meraj ◽  
S. Gomes ◽  
E. Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Odor Profile ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Floral Odor ◽  
Physiological Tests

Abstract Background There is widespread interkingdom signalling between insects and microbes. For example, microbes found in floral nectar may modify its nutritional composition and produce odorants that alter the floral odor bouquet which may attract insect pollinators. Mosquitoes consume nectar and can pollinate flowers. We identified microbes isolated from nectar of common tansy, Tanacetum vulgare, elucidated the microbial odorants, and tested their ability to attract the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens. Results We collected 19 microbial isolates from T. vulgare nectar, representing at least 12 different taxa which we identified with 16S or 26S rDNA sequencing as well as by biochemical and physiological tests. Three microorganisms (Lachancea thermotolerans, Micrococcus lactis, Micrococcus luteus) were grown on culture medium and tested in bioassays. Only the yeast L. thermotolerans grown on nectar, malt extract agar, or in synthetic nectar broth significantly attracted Cx. pipiens females. The odorant profile produced by L. thermotolerans varied with the nutritional composition of the culture medium. All three microbes grown separately, but presented concurrently, attracted fewer Cx. pipiens females than L. thermotolerans by itself. Conclusions Floral nectar of T. vulgare contains various microbes whose odorants contribute to the odor profile of inflorescences. In addition, L. thermotolerans produced odorants that attract Cx. pipiens females. As the odor profile of L. thermotolerans varied with the composition of the culture medium, we hypothesize that microbe odorants inform nectar-foraging mosquitoes about the availability of certain macro-nutrients which, in turn, affect foraging decisions by mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Nectar-dwelling microbes of common tansy are attractive to its mosquito pollinator, Culex pipiens L

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. H. Peach ◽  
C. Carroll ◽  
S. Meraj ◽  
S. Gomes ◽  
E. Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Odor Profile ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Floral Odor ◽  
Physiological Tests

AbstractBackgroundThere is widespread interkingdom signalling between insects and microbes. For example, microbes found in floral nectar may modify its nutritional composition and produce odorants that alter the floral odor bouquet which may attract insect pollinators. Mosquitoes consume nectar and can pollinate flowers. We identified microbes isolated from nectar of common tansy, Tanacetum vulgare, elucidated the microbial odorants, and tested their ability to attract the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens.ResultsWe collected 18 microbial isolates from T. vulgare nectar, representing at least 12 different taxa which we identified with 16S or 26S rDNA sequencing as well as by biochemical and physiological tests. Three microorganisms (Lachancea thermotolerans, Micrococcus lactis, Micrococcus luteus) were grown on culture medium and tested in bioassays. Only the yeast L. thermotolerans grown on nectar, malt extract agar, or in synthetic nectar broth significantly attracted C. pipiens females. The odorant profile produced by L. thermotolerans varied with the nutritional composition of the culture medium. Surprisingly, all three microbes grown separately, but presented concurrently, attracted fewer C. pipiens females than L. thermotolerans by itself.ConclusionsFloral nectar of T. vulgare contains various microbes whose odorants contribute to the odor profile of inflorescences. In addition, L. thermotolerans produced odorants that attract Cx. pipiens females. As the odor profile of L. thermotolerans varied with the composition of the culture medium, we hypothesize that microbe odorants inform nectar-foraging mosquitoes about the availability of certain macro-nutrients which, in turn, affect foraging decisions by mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Melanin synthesis by black yeast-like fungi Psedonadsoniella brunnea: dependence of L-tyrosine quantity in the cultural medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. Beregova ◽  
T. Akulenko ◽  
Ie. Torgalo ◽  
V. Vereschaka
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Black Yeast ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Series Of Experiments

To determine the optimal conditions for the synthesis of melanin by black yeast fungi Pseudonadsoniella brunnea (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Polyporales, Meripilaceae), depending on the amount of L-tyrosine in the culture medium was the purpose of the work. The standard Malt Extract Broth (MEB) liquid nutrient medium was used within this study. L-tyrosine was added to the culture medium in a quantity of 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05%.To obtain the melanin the cultivation of Pseudonadsoniella brunnea was carried out at pH 1-1.5, temperature + 21 ± 1 ° C during 7 days. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using generally accepted methods of variation statistics. It has been established that the level of melanin synthesis by black yeast-like fungi Pseudonadsoniella brunnea depends on the amount of L-tyrosine introduced into the culture medium. The MEB nutrient medium containing 0.05% L-tyrosine in this series of experiments found to be the best composition for obtaining melanin by the strain-producer Pseudonadsoniella brunnea. Compared to control (MEB without L-tyrosine), the amount of melanin synthesized by Ps. brunnea in these conditions increased by 2.5 times. The further research into the optimal conditions for the cultivation of black yeast-like fungi Pseudonadsoniella brunnea in order to obtain melanin is relevant and promising.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the process conditions for the production of microbial carotenoids by the recently isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa URM 7409

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whallans Raphael Couto Machado ◽  
Lucas Gomes da Silva ◽  
Ellen Silva Lago Vanzela ◽  
Vanildo Luiz Del Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Microbial Carotenoids

Abstract This study aimed to improve the physical and nutritional process conditions for the production of carotenoids by the newly isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a red basidiomycete yeast. The carotenoid bioproduction was improved using an experimental design technique, changing the process characteristics of agitation (130 rpm to 230 rpm) and temperature (25 °C to 35 °C) using seven experiments, followed by a 25-1 fractional design to determine the relevant factors that constitute the culture medium (glucose, malt extract, yeast extract, peptone and initial pH). A complete second order experimental design was then carried out to optimize the composition of the culture medium, the variables being yeast extract (0.5 to 3.5 g/L), peptone (1 to 5 g/L) and the initial pH (5.5 to 7.5), with 17 experiments. The maximum carotenoid production was 4164.45 μg/L (252.99 μg/g), obtained in 144 h in YM (yeast malt) medium with 30 g/L glucose, 10 g/L malt extract, 2 g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L peptone, an initial pH 6, 130 rpm and 25 °C, demonstrating the potential of this yeast as a source of bio-pigments. In this work, the nitrogen sources were the factors that most influenced the intracellular accumulation of carotenoids. The yeast R. mucilaginosa presented high production at a bench level and may be promising for commercial production.

scholarly journals In vitro establishment of Bambusa oldhamii Munro from field-grown matrices and molecular identification of endophytic bactéria

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Azevedo Pasqualini ◽  
Gabriela Xavier Schneider ◽  
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga ◽  
Luiz Antonio Biasi ◽  
Marguerite Quoirin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
In Vitro Establishment ◽  
Bambusa Oldhamii

ABSTRACT In plant micropropagation, the establishment stage is difficult, due to the presence of microorganisms in tissues from field-grown matrices, especially for bamboo. This study aimed to establish an efficient asepsis protocol for Bambusa oldhamii explants from field plants, as well as to carry out the molecular identification of a possible endophytic bacterial isolate. The explants were exposed to 70 % alcohol, 1 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 0.1 % mercuric chloride (HgCl2), thiophanate-methyl (Cercobin®) and chlorhexidine digluconate (2 % Riohex®) in different combinations, and introduced into Murashige and Skoog culture medium (solid or liquid), supplemented or not with 4 mL L-1 of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPMTM), totaling seven treatments. The asepsis and immersion of the explants in the liquid culture medium containing 4 mL L-1 of PPMTM visually inhibited the bacterial and fungal growth, allowed the development of shoots with a mean length of 2.2 cm and posterior subcultures, being the best treatment used for the in vitro establishment of B. oldhamii. The molecular identification of an endophytic bacterium performed by 16S rDNA sequencing allowed to identify the bacterial isolate as Ralstonia sp., with 100 % of similarity, and the phylogenetic analysis grouped it with Ralstonia pickettii. In addition, the bacterial isolate showed to be sensitive to 4 mL L-1 of PPMTM by the minimum inhibitory concentration test.

scholarly journals Bacterial Blight of Leek: A New Disease in California Caused by Pseudomonas syringae

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Koike ◽  
Jeri D. Barak ◽  
Diana M. Henderson ◽  
Robert L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Physiological Tests

During 1996 and 1997, a new and damaging disease of leek (Allium porrum) was observed on greenhouse-produced transplants and field-grown plants in California. Symptoms were water-soaked lesions at leaf tips, which eventually expanded down the length of the leaf and resulted in brown, elongated, stripe-like lesions with yellow margins. Diseased leaves eventually wilted. A blue fluorescent pseudomonad was consistently recovered from lesions, and biochemical and physiological tests indicated that it was Pseudomonas syringae. Pathogenicity tests established that representative strains of this P. syringae induced disease symptoms in leek that were similar to those observed on leek plants in the greenhouse and field, and that this bacterium caused similar symptoms in onion, chives, and garlic plants. Representative strains were further characterized by fatty acid analysis, repetitive bacterial sequence-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), and rDNA sequencing. Fatty acid analysis confirmed that these isolates were P. syringae, but did not provide a clear pathovar designation. Rep-PCR analysis revealed that all the California leek P. syringae strains had identical DNA fingerprints and that these strains were indistinguishable from those of known strains of P. syringae pv. porri. In addition, the rDNA sequence of the spacer region between 16S and 23S rDNA genes was identical among the California leek P. syringae strains and P. syringae pv. porri. Together, these results established that the new leek disease in California is caused by P. syringae pv. porri. P. syringae pv. porri was recovered from a commercial leek seed lot imported into California, which suggests that the pathogen was introduced in association with seed. Commercial leek production in California is favorable for development of this disease because transplants are produced in greenhouses with high plant densities, overhead irrigation, and mowing of plants.

scholarly journals Rhodotorula bloemfonteinensis sp. nov., Rhodotorula eucalyptica sp. nov., Rhodotorula orientis sp. nov. and Rhodotorula pini sp. nov., yeasts isolated from monoterpene-rich environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2320-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina H. Pohl ◽  
Martha S. Smit ◽  
Jacobus Albertyn
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Physiological Tests

Recent rDNA sequencing of 25 isolates from a previous study, during which limonene-utilizing yeasts were isolated from monoterpene-rich environments by using 1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes as sole carbon sources, led to the identification of four hitherto unknown Rhodotorula species. Analyses of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 region as well as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) domain indicated that two isolates (CBS 8499T and CBS 10736) were identical and were closely related to Rhodotorula cycloclastica, a previously described limonene-utilizing yeast. These novel isolates differed from known yeast species and could be distinguished from R. cycloclastica by standard physiological tests. The other three isolates represent three novel Rhodotorula species, closely related to Sporobolomyces magnisporus. These three species could also be distinguished from other Rhodotorula species by standard physiological tests. Based on these results, we suggest that the new isolates represent novel species, for which the names Rhodotorula eucalyptica sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8499T  = NRRL Y-48408T), Rhodotorula pini sp. nov. (type strain CBS 10735T  = NRRL Y-48410T), Rhodotorula bloemfonteinensis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8598T  = NRRL Y-48407T) and Rhodotorula orientis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8594T  = NRRL Y-48719T) are proposed. R. eucalyptica and R. pini can also utilize limonene.

scholarly journals Microbial Production and Enzymatic Biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Using Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 260 Isolated From Indonesian Fermented Foods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Agung Yogeswara ◽  
Suwapat Kittibunchakul ◽  
Endang Sutriswati Rahayu ◽  
Konrad J. Domig ◽  
Dietmar Haltrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Gaba Production ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Traditional Fermented Foods

In the present study, we isolated and screened thirty strains of GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Indonesian traditional fermented foods. Two strains were able to convert monosodium glutamate (MSG) to GABA after 24 h of cultivation at 37oC based on thin layer chromatography (TLC) screening. 16S rDNA sequencing and proteomic identification using MALDI-TOF MS identified these two strains as Lactobacillus plantarum designated as L. plantarum FNCC 260 and L. plantarum FNCC 343. The highest yield of GABA production obtained from the fermentation of L. plantarum FNCC 260 was 809.2 mg/l of culture medium after 60 h of cultivation. Supplementation of 0.6 mM pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) and 0.1 mM pyridoxine led to the increase in GABA production to 945.3 mg/l and 969.5 mg/l, respectively. The highest GABA production of 1226.5 mg/l of culture medium was obtained with 100 mM initial concentration of MSG added in the cultivation medium. The open reading frame (ORF) of 1410 bp of the gadB gene from L. plantarum FNCC 260 encodes 469 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 53.57 kDa. The production of GABA via enzymatic conversion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) using purified recombinant glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) from L. plantarum FNCC 260 expressed in Escherichia coli was found to be more efficient (5-fold higher within 6 h) than the production obtained from fermentation. L. plantarum FNCC 260 could be of interest for the synthesis of GABA.

scholarly journals Production of nigericin and niphimycin by soil isolate Streptomyces sp. MS1: Anti-Candida bioassay guided response surface methodology for the optimized culture medium

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Marija Mojicevic ◽  
Jovana Grahovac ◽  
Milos Petkovic ◽  
Ivan Vuckovic ◽  
Jelena Dodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Antifungal Antibiotics ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Soil Isolate ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Anti-Candida bioassay guided optimization of the culture medium was used in order to enhance the antifungal activity of the soil isolate MS1. Its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA sequencing, assigned an MS1 isolate to genus Streptomyces. Optimization of the culture medium was achieved by experimental factorial design and response surface methodology. Maximal antifungal components production was obtained with starch, soybean meal and phosphates content of 40.52, 5.10 and 2.21 g/L, respectively. Chromatography and 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopy were employed for purification and structural characterization of antifungal antibiotics concurrently produced by this strain. These antibiotics were identified as polyether carboxylic antibiotic nigericin and guanidyl-polyol macrolide, niphimycin.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA HAVING ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Garima Sharma ◽  
Shweta Dang ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Reema Gabrani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Animal Farm

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of the current study was to isolate and identify the bacteriocinogenic strain exhibiting broad range antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm activity from soil of animal farms.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> In the current study, bacterial strains were isolated from soil of twelve different regions of animal farm all over India and screened for antimicrobial activity against<em> Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, <em>Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas fluorescence</em> and <em>Escherichia coli.</em> Antibiofilm ability of these selected strains was checked on preformed biofilm of <em>S. epidermidis </em>and in addition biofilm disruption potential was also determined. The potent bacterial strain was identified at molecular level by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>30 out of<strong> </strong>231 strains isolated from soil were selected on the basis of antibacterial activity against <em>S. epidermidis.</em> One potential candidate (GAS 101) exhibited ≥99% inhibition against <em>S. epidermidis</em>, <em>M. luteus, P. fluorescence</em> and <em>E. coli</em> and also showed antibiofilm activity. GAS 101 16S rDNA sequencing data identified it as <em>Bacillus subtilis.</em> The sequence of <em>B. subtilis </em>was submitted to genbank under accession no. KJ564301.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>B. subtilis</em> GAS 101 isolated from soil of animal farm showed the antibacterial activity against all indicator organisms and also displayed antibiofilm activity against preformed biofilm and inhibited biofilm formation of <em>S. epidermidis</em>.</p>

Evaluation of Light Irradiation on Decolorization of Azo Dyes by Tsukamurella sp. J8025

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Tung Wu ◽  
Ming Der Jean
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Mercury Lamp ◽  
Decolorization Efficiency ◽  
High Concentrations

In the previous study, the dye decolorization was investigated byTsukamurellasp. J8025 under the static condition at 30°C. The object of this study was to evaluate the influence of light irradiation with 15W low-pressure mercury lamp on dye decolorization. Three kinds of common culture medium Luria-Bertani (LB), Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), and Yeast extract-Malt Extract (YEME) were used in this study. Strain J8025 was cultivated in different media added with methyl orange, and the rate of color removal was determined by measuring the absorbance at specific wavelengths. The experiments proved the decolorization efficiency after 48h under light irradiation in LB medium was up to 40%, that in TSB medium was up to 50%, and that in YEME medium was up to 68%, respectively. The decolorization process needed glucose as an energy source to support the bacterial growth and promote the decolorization rate. Due to the salt contained in the dye-wastewater, the effect of salt was investigated. The results showed nearly 98% color was removed after 48 h in the presence of 1% NaCl under light irradiation, but the decolorization was inhibited by high concentrations of salt. The results indicated a strain J8025 coupling with the light irradiation could be potentially used to improve the dye decolorization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document