The excretory-secretory products of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces stimulated IL-10 production in B cells via TLR-2 signaling

This study describes, for the first time, the characterization of excretory–secretory antigens (ES-Ag) from Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces, evaluating their usefulness in the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. ES-Ag were obtained from the first 50 h maintenance of protoscoleces in vitro. This preparation contained over 20 major protein components which could be distinguished by 1-dimensional SDS–PAGE with apparent masses between 9 and 300 kDa. The culture of of protoscoleces from liver produced a greater variety of excretory–secretory protein components than those from lung. Determination of enzymatic activities of secreted proteins revealed the presence of phosphatases, lipases and glucosidases, but no proteases. These findings were compared to those obtained from somatic extracts of protoscoleces and hydatid cyst fluid products. Immunochemical characterization was performed by immunoblotting with sera from individuals infected by cystic echinococcosis (n=15), non-hydatidic parasitoses (n=19), various liver diseases (n=24), lung neoplasia (n=16), and healthy donors (n=18). Antigens with apparent masses of 89, 74, 47/50, 32, and 20 kDa showed specificity for immunodiagnosis of human hydatidosis. The 89 and 74 kDa components corresponded to antigens not yet described in E. granulosus, whereas proteins of 41–43 kDa and 91–95 kDa were recognized by the majority of the non-hydatid sera studied.

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Secretory products of multiple sclerosis B cells are cytotoxic to oligodendroglia in vitro

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.02.015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 246 (1-2) ◽

pp. 85-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

Robert P. Lisak ◽

Joyce A. Benjamins ◽

Liljana Nedelkoska ◽

Jennifer L. Barger ◽

Samia Ragheb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

B Cells ◽

Secretory Products

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Excretory/secretory products in the Echinococcus granulosus metacestode: is the intermediate host complacent with infection caused by the larval form of the parasite?

International Journal for Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.07.009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (13-14) ◽

pp. 843-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Guilherme B. dos Santos ◽

Karina M. Monteiro ◽

Edileuza Danieli da Silva ◽

Maria Eduarda Battistella ◽

Henrique B. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Larval Form ◽

Secretory Products

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Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against excretory/secretory products of adult Echinococcus granulosus, and their application to coproantigen detection

Parasitology International ◽

10.1016/j.parint.2004.08.006 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 43-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Cecilia Casaravilla ◽

Ramiro Malgor ◽

Andrea Rossi ◽

Hirofumi Sakai ◽

Nariaki Nonaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Secretory Products

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The role of regulatory B cells in Echinococcus granulosus-infected mice

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-020-07025-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinwei Qi ◽

Jiaoyu Shan ◽

Xuelei Liu ◽

Bin Li ◽

Xuanlin Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Regulatory B Cells

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Metabolomics Analysis of Splenic CD19+ B Cells in Mice Chronically Infected With Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato Protoscoleces

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.718743 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yuxin Guo ◽

Daxiang Xu ◽

Zheng Fang ◽

Shiping Xu ◽

Jiaxi Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

B Cell ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Cell Function ◽

Metabolic Reprogramming ◽

Negative Ion ◽

Hormone Synthesis ◽

B Cell Function ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Background: The larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l) infection can alter B cell function and affect host anti-infective immunity, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The newly emerging immunometabolism highlights that several metabolites are key factors in determining the fate of immune cells, which provides a new insight for exploring how larval E. granulosus s.l. infection remodels B cell function. This study investigated the metabolomic profiles of B cells in mice infected with E. granulosus s.l. protoscoleces (PSC).Results:Total CD19+ B cells, purified from the spleen of infected mice, showed significantly increased production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 after exposure to LPS in vitro. Moreover, the mRNA expression of metabolism related enzymes in B cells was remarkably disordered post infection. In addition, differential metabolites were identified in B cells after infection. There were 340 differential metabolites (83 upregulated and 257 downregulated metabolites) identified in the positive ion model, and 216 differential metabolites (97 upregulated and 119 downregulated metabolites) identified in the negative ion mode. Among these, 64 differential metabolites were annotated and involved in 68 metabolic pathways, including thyroid hormone synthesis, the metabolic processes of glutathione, fructose, mannose, and glycerophospholipid. Furthermore, several differential metabolites such as glutathione, taurine, and inosine were validated to regulate the cytokine production in LPS stimulated B cells.Conclusion:Infection with the larval E. granulosus s.l. causes metabolic reprogramming in the intrinsic B cells of mice, which provides the first evidence for understanding the role and mechanism of B cells in parasite anti-infective immunity from the viewpoint of immunometabolism.

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Proteomic analysis of the excretory/secretory products and antigenic proteins of Echinococcus granulosus adult worms from infected dogs

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-015-0423-8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Di Xiao ◽

Yujuan Shen ◽

Xiuming Han ◽

Fei Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Antigenic Proteins ◽

Secretory Products

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The local immune response during Echinococcus granulosus growth in a quantitative hepatic experimental model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56098-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhide Li ◽

Chuanshan Zhang ◽

Liang Li ◽

Xiaojuan Bi ◽

Liang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

B Cells ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Local Immune Response ◽

Strong Immune Response ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto ◽

Establishment Phase

AbstractThe local immune mechanisms responsible for the establishment and development of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto infection in the liver, have been little explored. We developed a suitable experimental model that mimics naturally infected livers using portal injection of protoscoleces. Opposite to Echinococcus multilocularis infection which is dose-dependent, fully mature hydatid cysts can be established in the liver whatever the injection dose; although most of the infection sites were seen at the establishment phase as inflammatory granulomas associated with fibrosis, they never matured into cysts. At the establishment phase, a strong immune response was composed of T and B cells, with T1-type, T2-type cells and cytokines and IL-10-secreting CD8+ T cells in the liver. At the established phase, results suggested a local production of antibodies by B cells, and an involvement of NK and NKT cells. Infection outcome and local immune response in the liver, were different in the mouse models of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and Echinococcus multilocularis respectively; however, only early specificities at the microenvironment level might explain the major differences found between the lesions induced by the two species. Our quantitative experimental model appears fully appropriate to further study this microenvironment and its relationship with each cestode species.

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