Viral metagenomic analysis of fecal samples reveals an enteric virome signature in irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression are complications in Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. In this study, we recruited 18 IBS patients with mild-modest anxiety and depression behaviors, and after the screening, we defined the FMT treatment group (n = 9) and the control group (n = 9). The IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) and Bristol stool scale (BSS) were evaluated one week before FMT (baseline), one-week-, one-month-, two-month-, and three-month-following FMT. Meanwhile, we determined the SCFAs in the patient’s feces and serum and continued the metagenomic analysis of the microorganisms in the patient’s feces. Results The results showed that the patient’s anxiety and depression behavior gradually improved with FMT treatment. Moreover, the illness and quality of life had also been relieved significantly. The content of isovaleric acid and valeric acid was significantly reduced in the FMT group compared to the Col group. Metagenomic analysis showed that FMT treatment decreased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium and Escherichia. From KEGG functional analysis, we confirmed that the top five abundant pathways were “bacterial chemotaxis, “flagellar assembly”, “glycine, serine and threonine metabolism”, “apoptosis”, and “bacterial invasion of epithelial cells”. Conclusions FMT treatment can effectively alleviate the anxiety and depression behaviors of IBS-D patients and reduce the IBS-SSS score, indicating that FMT can improve patients’ symptoms. The high throughput sequencing results show that Bifidobacterium and Escherichia play the most critical role in the formation and recovery of IBS-D patients. The GC/MS data indicated that faeces isovaleric acid and valeric acid might be more suitable as a metabolic indicator of IBS-D remission. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900024924, Registered 3 August 2019, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=41676.

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Molecular analysis of the luminal- and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00154.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 301 (5) ◽

pp. G799-G807 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Ian M. Carroll ◽

Tamar Ringel-Kulka ◽

Temitope O. Keku ◽

Young-Hyo Chang ◽

Christopher D. Packey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Molecular Fingerprinting ◽

Microbial Biodiversity ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Bacterial 16S Rrna Gene

Alterations in the intestinal microbiota have been suggested as an etiological factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study used a molecular fingerprinting technique to compare the composition and biodiversity of the microbiota within fecal and mucosal niches between patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) and healthy controls. Terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to perform microbial community composition analyses on fecal and mucosal samples from patients with D-IBS ( n = 16) and healthy controls ( n = 21). Molecular fingerprinting of the microbiota from fecal and colonic mucosal samples revealed differences in the contribution of T-RFs to the microbiota between D-IBS patients and healthy controls. Further analysis revealed a significantly lower (1.2-fold) biodiversity of microbes within fecal samples from D-IBS patients than healthy controls ( P = 0.008). No difference in biodiversity in mucosal samples was detected between D-IBS patients and healthy controls. Multivariate analysis of T-RFLP profiles demonstrated distinct microbial communities between luminal and mucosal niches in all samples. Our findings of compositional differences in the luminal- and mucosal-associated microbiota between D-IBS patients and healthy controls and diminished microbial biodiversity in D-IBS fecal samples further support the hypothesis that alterations in the intestinal microbiota may have an etiological role in the pathogenesis of D-IBS and suggest that luminal and mucosal niches need to be investigated.

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Real-time PCR analysis of enteric pathogens from fecal samples of irritable bowel syndrome subjects

Gut Pathogens ◽

10.1186/1757-4749-3-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Teemu Rinttilä ◽

Anna Lyra ◽

Lotta Krogius-Kurikka ◽

Airi Palva

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Enteric Pathogens ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Irritable Bowel

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Understanding of the Site-Specific Microbial Patterns towards Accurate Identification for Patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Microbiology Spectrum ◽

10.1128/spectrum.01255-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Xue Zhu ◽

Gaichao Hong ◽

Ying Li ◽

Pengshuo Yang ◽

Mingyue Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Site Specific ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Intestinal Microbial Community ◽

Irritable Bowel

Microbial community varied from one site to another along the gastrointestinal tract, but current studies about intestinal microbial community in IBS-D were mainly based on fecal samples. Based on 283 intestinal samples collected from DM, DL, RM, and RL of HC and IBS-D, we found different intestinal sites had their site-specific microbial patterns in IBS-D.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Bile acid deficiency in a subgroup of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation based on biomarkers in serum and fecal samples.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727764816.793551510 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Adil Bharucha

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Acid Deficiency ◽

Irritable Bowel

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Intestinal Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome before and after Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19113619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 3619 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Johannes Peter ◽

Camille Fournier ◽

Bettina Keip ◽

Nina Rittershaus ◽

Nicola Stephanou-Rieser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Analogue Scales

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder with brain-gut-microbiome alterations. Gut-directed hypnotherapy (GHT) has been shown to improve quality of life and symptoms in IBS. This therapy targets psychological coping, central nervous processing and brain-gut interaction. Studies have also demonstrated effects of hypnosis on intestinal transit and the mucosal immune system. So far, no study has examined the effect of GHT on the intestinal microbiome. This study aimed at examining microbial composition, IBS symptoms, and psychological distress before and after GHT. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 38 IBS patients (Rome-III criteria, mean age 44 years, 27 female, 11 male, 22 diarrhea-dominant, 12 alternating-type and 4 constipation-dominant IBS) before and after 10 weekly group sessions of GHT. Assessments in psychological (perceived stress, PSQ; psychological distress, HADS-D; quality of life, visual analogue scales) and IBS symptom-related variables (IBS severity, IBS-SSS; single symptoms, visual analogue scales) were performed with validated questionnaires. Fecal samples underwent microbial 16S rRNA analyses (regions V1–2). Results: Microbial alpha diversity was stable before and after GHT (chao1 2591 ± 548 vs. 2581 ± 539, p = 0.92). No significant differences were found in relative bacterial abundances but trends of reduced abundance of Lachnospiraceae 32.18 (4.14–39.89) Median (Q1–Q3) vs. 28.11 (22.85; 35.55) and Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio after GHT were observable. Significant reductions in symptom severity (323 (266–371) vs. 264 (191–331), p = 0.001) and psychological distress 17.0 (12.6–21.8) vs. 12.0 (8.3–18.0), p = 0.001, and increased well-being were found after GHT. Adequate relief after therapy was reported by 32 (84%) patients. Conclusion: Reductions in IBS symptoms and psychological burden were observed after gut-directed hypnotherapy, but only small changes were found in intestinal microbiota composition. The findings suggest that hypnosis may act by central nervous impact and other factors largely independent from microbiota composition modulating the brain-gut axis, possibly alterations in vagus nerve functioning and microbiota metabolism.

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