scholarly journals Can ventilator settings reduce the negative effects of endotracheal suctioning? Investigations in a mechanical lung model

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen R. Nakstad ◽  
Helge Opdahl ◽  
Fridtjof Heyerdahl ◽  
Fredrik Borchsenius ◽  
Ole H. Skjønsberg
Keyword(s):  
Lung Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Endotracheal Suctioning ◽  
Mechanical Lung ◽  
Ventilator Settings

Automated nitrogen-washout methods for infants: evaluated using cats and a mechanical lung

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1378-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Richardson ◽  
M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Nitrogen Washout ◽  
Mechanical Lung ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Computerized System

Infants with respiratory distress syndrome are treated with constant distending pressures to counter atelectasis and increase the functional residual capacity (FRC). However, FRCs are not monitored in these severely ill infants because present methods are impractical. We computerized N2-washout techniques for estimating the lung volume in these infants. The system has been evaluated using 1) a mechanical lung model and 2) small cats with normal and edematous lungs. Comparing the results of measured lung volumes with the fixed mechanical lung volumes yielded a correlation coefficient 0.996 (n=50). Decreasing the N2 gradient between initial N2 concentration and the washout medium from 0.79 to 0.10 did not affect the accuracy or reproducibility of measurements in the mechanical lung. For normal cats, comparing the results of N2-washout measurements of FRC with He-dilution values yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.921 (n=128); results from cats with pulmonary edema yielded a correlation coefficient 0.989 (n=80). We conclude that this computerized system is accurate, reproducible, and clinically acceptable for monitoring infants.

scholarly journals A novel mechanical lung model of pulmonary diseases to assist with teaching and training

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Geoffrey Chase ◽  
Toshinori Yuta ◽  
Kerry J Mulligan ◽  
Geoffrey M Shaw ◽  
Beverley Horn
Keyword(s):  
Lung Model ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Mechanical Lung ◽  
And Training

Exhaled Flow Monitoring Can Detect Bronchial Flap-Valve Obstruction in a Mechanical Lung Model

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Breen ◽  
Eugene R. Serina ◽  
Steven J. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Lung Model ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Mechanical Lung ◽  
Flap Valve

scholarly journals Basic principles of neonatal bubble CPAP: effects on CPAP delivery and imposed work of breathing when altering the original design

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-554
Author(s):  
Sonja Baldursdottir ◽  
Markus Falk ◽  
Snorri Donaldsson ◽  
Baldvin Jonsson ◽  
Thomas Drevhammar
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Lung

BackgroundThe original bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) design has wide-bore tubing and a low-resistance interface. This creates a stable airway pressure that is reflected by the submersion depth of the expiratory tubing. Several systems with alterations to the original bCPAP design are now available. Most of these are aimed for use in low-income and middle-income countries and have not been compared with the original design.ObjectiveWe identified three major alterations to the original bCPAP design: (1) resistance of nasal interface, (2) volume of dead space and (3) diameter of expiratory tubing. Our aim was to study the effect of these alterations on CPAP delivery and work of breathing in a mechanical lung model. Dead space should always be avoided and was not further tested.MethodsThe effect of nasal interface resistance and expiratory tubing diameter was evaluated with simulated breathing in a mechanical lung model without interface leakage. The main outcome was delivered CPAP and imposed work of breathing.ResultsHigh-resistance interfaces and narrow expiratory tubing increased the work of breathing. Additionally, narrow expiratory tubing resulted in higher CPAP levels than indicated by the submersion depth.ConclusionOur study shows the significant effect on CPAP delivery and imposed work of breathing when using high-resistance interfaces and narrow expiratory tubing in bCPAP systems. New systems should include low-resistance interfaces and wide-bore tubing and be compared with the original bCPAP. Referring to all systems that bubble as bCPAP is misleading and potentially hazardous.

Exhaled Flow Monitoring Can Detect Bronchial Flap-Valve Obstruction in a Mechanical Lung Model

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Peter H. Breen ◽  
Eugene R. Serina ◽  
Steven J. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Lung Model ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Mechanical Lung ◽  
Flap Valve

scholarly journals Optimizing effects on airway pressure and minute volume during closed endotracheal suctioning: a simulated lung model

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972110061
Author(s):  
Fang Jung ◽  
Shang-Shing P Chou ◽  
Shih-Hsing Yang ◽  
Jau-Chen Lin ◽  
Guey-Mei Jow
Keyword(s):  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Peak Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Suction Catheter ◽  
Endotracheal Suctioning ◽  
Suction System ◽  
Volume Controlled ◽  
Selection Of

A closed suction system is used to remove endotracheal secretions without interrupting the patient’s ventilation. Closed suctioning may reduce adverse effects associated with suctioning with, for example, decreased clinical signs of hypoxemia and limited environmental, personnel, and patient contamination. However, it is not clear whether ventilation is maintained during the procedure. We aimed to determine the effects of endotracheal tube (ETT) size, suction catheter (SC) size, and SC length in the ETT on ventilation parameters measured during suction. Suction was performed on a test lung, ventilated with either volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV) or pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) using ETT sizes of 6.0–8.5 mm paired with SC sizes of 8–16 French gauge (Fr = 0.33 mm). Airway resistance ( Raw), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and expiratory minute volume ( Vexp) were recorded for each ventilation episode by a HAMILTON-G5 ventilator. Here, Raw was considerably increased by insertion of the SC into the ETT. This Raw effect altered the PIP and Vexp. PIP was increased in VC-CMV because the ventilation area of the ETT was reduced, and Vexp was decreased in PC-CMV in relation to the size of the SC. PEEP decreased with application of the 16 Fr SC and 30 L/min flow rate in VC-CMV. We conclude that airway pressure and minute volume are not maintained during closed endotracheal suctioning with VC-CMV and PC-CMV, respectively. The degree of interference to ventilation is affected through selection of appropriate SC size and ventilation settings.

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