Axial Compression Performance and Residual Strength Calculation of Concrete-Encased CFST Composite Columns Exposure to High Temperature

Concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) composite columns provide high bearing capacity, good seismic performance and an easier connection with arbitrary angle beams, which are widely used in high-rise buildings. Considering the high frequency of building fires, experimental research investigated the axial compressive behavior of the composite columns’ exposure to high temperature in this paper. Fourteen specimens after exposure to high temperatures with different parameters, including the heating temperature, steel tube diameter and concrete cover thickness, were fabricated to test under axial compressive loading. The failure pattern, load-displacement curve, bearing capacity, initial stiffness, deformation performance and damage rule of the specimens were discussed. The test results showed obvious differences in damage of specimens subjected to various high temperatures. The failure of the specimens began with the spalling and crushing of the concrete at the edge and ends in a lantern shape. The load-displacement curves of the specimens were significantly affected by high temperature, while the influence the of steel tube diameter and concrete cover thickness was relatively weak. A method of calculating axially loaded capacity for the composite column exposure to high temperature is proposed considering the effects of the main parameters of heating temperature and steel tube position, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Optimization Design of a Pneumatic Wheat-Shooting Device Based on Numerical Simulation and Field Test in Rice–Wheat Rotation Areas

In rice–wheat rotation areas of China, traditional wheat seeders have severe blockage, low working efficiency and poor seeding quality. In this study, a pneumatic shooting technology was designed, consisting mainly of a nozzle, shell and acceleration tube. To improve the sowing depth of the pneumatic shooting device, the response-surface methodology of structure parameters and CFD simulation technology was adopted in this work. The effects of working pressure, acceleration-tube diameter and throat distance on the steady airflow length (SAL) and steady airflow velocity (SAV) were studied by airflow field analysis, and the response-surface method was introduced to obtain the optimal parameter combination of the pneumatic shooting device for wheat. The optimal parameter combination was working pressure 686 kPa, acceleration tube diameter 8 mm and throat distance 20 mm. The simulation result showed that the optimized device of pneumatic shooting performs faster and has more stable airflow field characteristics in comparison to the initial device. The field test demonstrated that the optimized device has about 68% higher seeding depth than the initial device. The average field-seeding depth of the optimized device was 19.95 mm, which is about 68% higher than the initial device. The emergence rate for the optimized device was about 88.7% without obvious reduction. CFD and response-surface methods positively affect the optimization of pneumatic wheat-shooting devices, and the significance was also confirmed.

Design of heat exchanger for the production of synthesis silica

This study aims to analyze and develop a heat exchanger (HE) application for the manufacture of silica nanoparticles synthesis from agricultural waste. This shell and tube-type HE is designed simply, but it still refers to the existing design rules. The design of a shell and tube type HE with one pass shell and tube with turbulence flow. The specifications of the HE apparatus are 1.93 m in shell length, 0.203 m in shell diameter, 0.020 m in inner tube diameter, 0.022 m in outer tube diameter, and 0.016 m in thickness. The results showed an effectiveness value of 66.38% with an impurity factor of 0.01314. This informed that although the shell and tube-typed HE does not meet the requirements and standards for being set in industrial applications, it can be useful as a learning method regarding the design process, working mechanism, and analyzing the performance of the HE.

Distribution and correlation of Sabellidites cambriensis (Annelida?) in the basal Cambrian on Baltica

Sabellidites cambriensis is a tubular non-mineralized metazoan that appears as compressed ribbon-shaped imprints with transverse wrinkling, thick walls and an even tube diameter of up to 3 mm. The distribution of Sabellidites is investigated in three Ediacaran–Cambrian sections on the Digermulen Peninsula in Arctic Norway, spanning the Manndrapselva Member of the Stáhpogieddi Formation and the lower member of the Breidvika Formation. Here, the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary is located in the lower part of the upper parasequence (third cycle) of the Manndrapselva Member. Specimens of Sabellidites are rare but consistently present close to the lowest level of Treptichnus pedum and upsection, whereas the taxon is common and abundant in the lower part of the lower member of the Breidvika Formation, with an upper record at c. 55 m above the base. The range is comparable with that of the GSSP section in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing Sabellidites as an index fossil for the lowermost Cambrian. In the Manndrapselva Member, Sabellidites co-occurs with the acritarch Granomarginata, indicative of the lowermost Cambrian Granomarginata Zone, whereas in the Breidvika Formation it co-occurs with Asteridium. Sabellidites is widely distributed in Baltica, through the Rovnian and Lontovan regional stages but confined to the Fortunian global stage. In its lower range, Sabellidites is associated with a Treptichnus pedum trace fossil association and a depauperate leiosphaerid acritarch assemblage, followed by a Granomarginata assemblage. In its upper range, Sabellidites co-occurs with acritarchs of the Asteridium–Comasphaeridium Zone and the tubular foraminiferan Platysolenites. In Baltica, Sabellidites is a useful index fossil.

Finite-Elements Modeling and Simulation of Electrically-Assisted Rotary-Draw Bending Process for 6063 Aluminum Alloy Micro-Tube

Bent micro-tubes have been frequently applied in electronics, medical devices and aerospace for heat transfer due to the increasing heat flux in high-density electric packages. Rotary-draw bending (RDB) is a commonly used process in forming tubes due to its versatility. However, the control of forming defects is the key problem in micro-tube bending in terms of wall thinning, cross-sectional deformation and wrinkling. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) finite-elements (FE) modeling of electrically-assisted (EA) RDB of 6063 aluminum alloy micro-tubes is developed with the implicit method in ABAQUS. The multi-field coupled behavior was simulated and analyzed during the EA RDB of micro-tubes. Several process parameters such as micro-tube diameter, bending radius, current density and electrical load path were selected to study their effects on the bending defects of the Al6063 micro-tubes. The simulated results showed that the cross-sectional distortion could be improved when electrical current mainly pass through the vicinity of the tangent point in the micro-tube RDB, and the cross-sectional distortion tended to decrease with the increases of current density and tube diameter, and the decreases of bending speed and radius. A trade-off should be made between the benefit and side effect due to electrical current since the risk of wall thinning and wrinkling may increase.

Movement of gas slug in annular channels with different diameter ratios

The motion of gas slugs in annular channels was studied experimentally. The outer tube diameter was 32 mm. The inner tube diameter varied from 4 to 25 mm. The gas slugs were produced by injecting air through a capillary tube. The shapes of gas slugs were studied by high-speed videos. The paper presents data on the rise velocity of gas slugs in the channels, and wall shear stress measurements, performed by electrodiffusional technique. The probes were mounted on both walls of the channel. The evolution of wall shear stress during slug passage was recorded.

Numerical Study of Tube Hydroforming Process Using Conical Dies

In this paper the effect of die angle, fluid pressure and axial force on loading paths were studied. In order to reduce the cost and time for the experimental work, ANSYS program is used for implementing the Finite Element Method (FEM), to get optimized loading paths to form a tube using double – cones shape die. Three double die angles θ (116˚ 126˚, 136˚), with three different values of tube outer diametres (40, 45, 50) mm were used. The tube length L_o and thickness t_o for all samples were 80 mm and 2 mm respectively. The most important results and conclusions that have been reached that had the highest wall thinning percentage of 26.8% with less corner filling is at tube diameter 40 mm and cone angle of (116^°) at forming pressure of 43 MPa with axial feeding 10 mm. However, the lowest wall thinning percentage was 6.9% with best corner filling at diameter 50 mm and cone were angle of (136^°) and forming pressure of 30 MPa with axial feeding 4.5 mm. Two wrinkles constituted during the initial stages of forming the tube with initial diameter of 40 mm where the ratio d⁄(t=20) (thick-walled tubes) for all die angles, while only one wrinkle is formed at the center for tubes diameter 45 and 50 mm (thin-walled tubes) . The difference in the location and number of wrinkles at the first stage of formation depends on the loading paths that has been chosen for each process, which was at the diameter 45 and 50 mm towards thin-wall cylinder deformation mode was uniaxial tension. The maximum wall thinning percentage was at the bulge apex for tube diameter 40 mm. But, the maximum wall thinning for tubes of diameters 45 and 50 mm was found at the two sides of the bulge apex .