HIV drug resistance and HIV transmission risk factors among newly diagnosed individuals in Southwest China

Abstract Background The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in the development of transmitted drug resistance (TDR), which reduces ART efficacy. We explored TDR prevalence and its associated risk factors in newly diagnosed individuals in Guangxi. Methods We enrolled 1324 participants who were newly diagnosed with HIV-1 and had not received ART at voluntary counselling and testing centres (VCT) in Guangxi, China, who had not received ART. Phylogenetic relationship, transmission cluster, and genotypic drug resistance analyses were performed using HIV-1 pol sequences. We analysed the association of demographic and virological factors with TDR. Results In total, 1151 sequences were sequenced successfully, of which 83 (7.21%) showed evidence of TDR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that there was significant difference between the prevalence of TDR and unmarried status (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.23–4.71), and CRF08_BC subtype (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.13–3.64). Most cases of TDR were related to resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (4.87%) and V179E was the most common mutation detected. We identified a total of 119 HIV transmission clusters (n = 585, 50.8%), of which 18 (15.1%) clusters showed evidence of TDR (36, 41.86%). Three clusters were identified that included drug-resistant individuals having a transmission relationship with each other. The following parameters were associated with TDR transmission risk: Unmarried status, educational level of junior high school or below, and CRF08_BC subtype may be a risk of the transmission of TDR. Conclusions Our findings indicated that moderate TDR prevalence and highlighted the importance of continuous TDR monitoring and designing of strategies for TDR mitigation.

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Transmitted drug resistance to Tenofovir/Emtricitabine among persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection in Shenyang city, Northeast China from 2016 to 2018

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06312-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Wang ◽

Bin Zhao ◽

Minghui An ◽

Wei Song ◽

Xue Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Northeast China ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Shenyang City ◽

Subtype B ◽

Recent Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background To assess transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), using as pre-exposure prophylaxis, among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected residents in Shenyang city, northeast China. Methods Demographic and epidemiological information of all newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected residents in Shenyang city from 2016 to 2018 were anonymously collected from the local HIV epidemic database. HIV-1 pol sequences were amplified from RNA in cryopreserved plasma samples and sequenced directly. Viral subtypes were inferred with phylogenetic analysis and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were determined according to the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. Recent HIV infection was determined with HIV Limiting Antigen avidity electro immunoassay. Results A total of 2176 sequences (92.4%, 2176/2354) were obtained; 70.9% (1536/2167) were CRF01_AE, followed by CRF07_BC (18.0%, 391/2167), subtype B (4.7%, 102/2167), other subtypes (2.6%, 56/2167), and unique recombinant forms (3.8%, 82/2167). The prevalence of TDR was 4.9% (107/2167), among which, only 0.6% (13/2167) was resistance to TDF/FTC. Most of these subjects had CRF01_AE strains (76.9%, 10/13), were unmarried (76.9%, 10/13), infected through homosexual contact (92.3%, 12/13), and over 30 years old (median age: 33). The TDF/FTC DRMs included K65R (8/13), M184I/V (5/13), and Y115F (2/13). Recent HIV infection accounted for only 23.1% (3/13). Most cases were sporadic in the phylogenetic tree, except two CRF01_AE sequences with K65R (Bootstrap value: 99%). Conclusions The prevalence of TDR to TDF/FTC is low among newly diagnosed HIV-infected cases in Shenyang, suggesting that TDR may have little impact on the protective effect of the ongoing CROPrEP project in Shenyang city.

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HIV‐1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV‐1 individuals in Jiangmen, China

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.25741 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (12) ◽

pp. 3209-3218

Author(s):

Xin Guan ◽

Min Han ◽

Zhiju Li ◽

Lihua Wang ◽

Donghe Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hiv 1

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Transmitted drug resistance and type of infection in newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Honduras

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/j.jcv.2010.03.013 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Wendy Murillo ◽

Gabriela Paz-Bailey ◽

Sonia Morales ◽

Edgar Monterroso ◽

Mayte Paredes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hiv 1

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Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Transmitted Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Networks Among Newly Diagnosed People Living With HIV/AIDS in a Minority Area, China

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.731280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Yuan ◽

Bin Yu ◽

Yiping Li ◽

Zixin Wang ◽

Meijing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Transmission Networks ◽

Genetic Transmission ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Minority Area

Introduction: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy. We aimed to understand the molecular epidemiology of TDR and its genetic transmission networks among newly diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH).Methods: A total of 1,318 newly diagnosed PLWH, identified in all population-based HIV screening in an HIV-affected county of a minority area of China (i.e., Butuo county), were enrolled between January 1, 2018, and November 31, 2018. HIV-1 pol gene sequences were used for phylogenetic and genotypic drug resistance analyses. The genetic transmission networks were identified.Results: The prevalence of TDR among newly diagnosed PLWH was 8.12% (107/1,318). Patients in the stage of AIDS (adjusted odds ratio, OR: 2.32) and who had a history of sharing a needle ≥5 times (adjusted OR: 3.89) were more likely to have an increased risk of TDR. The prevalence of TDR for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) is higher than that of other inhibitors, with a relatively high prevalence of three mutations [V179D/E/DE (4.93%), K103N/KN (3.11%), and E138A/G (1.52%)]. A total of 577 (43.78%) pol sequences were involved in the genetic transmission network, with 171 clusters ranging in size from 2 to 91 pol sequences; 37.38% (40/107) of individuals carrying TDR were involved in the network, and individuals with the same TDR-associated mutations were usually cross-linked.Conclusions: Our data suggest a relatively high level of TDR and many transmission clusters among the newly diagnosed PLWH. Targeted intervention, early identification, and monitoring of resistance are warranted to reduce the TDR and prevent HIV-1 transmission in areas with a high rate of HIV-1.

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Changing Proportions of HIV-1 Subtypes and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS Individuals — China, 2015 and 2018

China CDC Weekly ◽

10.46234/ccdcw2021.251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (53) ◽

pp. 1133-1138

Author(s):

Jingjing Hao ◽

◽

Shan Zheng ◽

Mengze Gan ◽

Aobo Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Hiv Aids

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HIV-1 subtype variability and transmitted drug resistance in a culturally diverse population in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh20013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Daniel Richardson ◽

Hubert Chan ◽

Rohan Bopage ◽

David A. Lewis ◽

Shailendra Sawleshwarkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Culturally Diverse ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Diverse Population ◽

Subtype B ◽

Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽

Treatment Naïve ◽

Relative Prevalence ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance (TDR) is an important contributor to antiretroviral treatment failure, and is associated with HIV-1 transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM), non-MSM clusters and individuals diagnosed with concurrent sexually transmissible infections (STI). Western Sydney has a culturally diverse population, with a high proportion of non-Australian-born individuals. This study describes the prevalence of TDR and non-B HIV-1 subtypes in a clinic-based population. Methods: A clinic database was examined for all newly diagnosed treatment-naïve HIV-1 patients and information on their HIV-1 resistance and subtype, demographics including country of birth and diagnosis of a bacterial sexually transmissible infection was collected. Results: Data were available from 74/79 individuals (62 cis-male, 16 cis-female and 1 transgender woman). Of the 74 genotypes, the prevalence of non-B subtypes and TDR was 43/74 (58%; 95%CI = 46.9–69.3) and 14/74 (19%; 95%CI = 10.0 to 27.8). It was also found that 30/79 (38%) had a concurrent bacterial STI. TDR was associated with subtype B infection (OR 3.53; 95%CI = 1.41–8.82; P = 0.007) and being born in Australia (OR 12.0; 95%CI = 2.45–58.86; P = 0.002). Conclusion: The relative prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtypes and TDR is higher in Western Sydney than in the rest of Australia. TDR is associated with subtype B HIV-1 and being Australian born, suggesting ongoing local transmission. This highlights the diversity of the HIV epidemic locally and the need for interventions to prevent ongoing HIV transmission.

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P04.08 Sex partner meeting venues and hiv transmission risk factors among newly diagnosed hiv-infected urban msm: implications for targeted control strategies

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.262 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 91 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. A98.2-A99

Author(s):

EL Fields ◽

MA Clarke ◽

C Schumacher ◽

AG Safi ◽

C Nganga-Good ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Hiv Transmission Risk ◽

Sex Partner

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Patterns and risk of HIV-1 transmission network among men who have sex with men in Guangxi, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79951-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xianwu Pang ◽

Hui Wei ◽

Jinghua Huang ◽

Qin He ◽

Kailing Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

High Risk ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Related Factors ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv 1

AbstractThe prevalence of HIV-1 in Guangxi is very high, and the rate of HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the patterns and risk factors of HIV transmission in Guangxi. For this purpose, individuals diagnosed with HIV-1 during 2013–2018 in Guangxi were recruited. Phylogenetic relationship, transmission clusters, and genotypic drug resistance analyses were performed based on HIV-1 pol sequences. Related factors were analysed to assess for their association with HIV-1 transmission. CRF07_BC (50.4%) and CRF01_AE (33.4%) were found to be the predominant subtypes. The analysed 1633 sequences (50.15%, Guangxi; 49.85%, other provinces) were segregated into 80 clusters (size per cluster, 2–704). We found that 75.3% of the individuals were in three clusters (size ˃ 100), and 73.8% were high-risk spreaders (links ≥ 4). Infection time, marital status, and subtype were significantly associated with HIV-1 transmission. Additionally, 80.2% of recent infections were linked to long-term infections, and 46.2% were linked to other provinces. A low level of transmitted drug resistance was detected (4.8%). Our findings indicated superclusters and high-risk HIV-1 spreaders among the MSM in Guangxi. Effective strategies blocking the route of transmission should be developed.

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