Retrospective accuracy analysis of MRI based lesion size measurement in neuroblastic tumors: which sequence should we choose?

Abstract Background MR imaging of neuroblastic tumors is widely used for assessing the effect of chemotherapy on tumor size. However, there are some concerns that MRI might falsely estimate lesion diameters due to calcification and fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare neuroblastic tumor size based on MRI measurements to histopathology measurements of the resected specimens as standard of reference. Methods Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of a neuroblastic tumor, MR imaging within 100 days to surgery and gross total resection without fragmentation of the tumor between 2008 and 2019. Lesion diameters were measured by two radiologists according to RECIST 1.1 in axial plane in T2w turbo spin echo (TSE), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and in T1w pre- and postcontrast sequences. Furthermore, the largest lesion size in three-dimensions was noted. The largest diameter of histopathology measurements of each specimen was used for comparison with MRI. Results Thirty-seven patients (mean age: 5 ± 4 years) with 38 lesions (neuroblastoma: n = 17; ganglioneuroblastoma: n = 11; ganglioneuroma: n = 10) were included in this retrospective study. There was excellent intra-class correlation coefficient between both readers for all sequences (> 0.9) Tumor dimensions of reader 1 based on axial MRI measurements were significantly smaller with the following median differences (cm): T1w precontrast − 1.4 (interquartile range (IQR): 1.8), T1w postcontrast − 1.0 (IQR: 1.9), T2w TSE: -1.0 (IQR: 1.6), and DWI -1.3 (IQR: 2.2) (p < 0.001 for all sequences). However, the evaluation revealed no significant differences between the three-dimensional measurements and histopathology measurements of the resected specimens regardless of the applied MRI sequence. Conclusions Axial MRI based lesion size measurements are significantly smaller than histopathological measurements. However, there was no significant difference between three-dimensional measurements and histopathology measurements of the resected specimens. T2w TSE and T1w postcontrast images provided the lowest deviation and might consequently be preferred for measurements.

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Retrospective accuracy analysis of MRI based lesion size measurement in neuroblastic tumors: which sequence should we choose?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48644/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Gassenmaier ◽

Ilias Tsiflikas ◽

Simon Maennlin ◽

Cristian Urla ◽

Steven W. Warmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Neuroblastic Tumor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

Neuroblastic Tumors ◽

Mri Measurements

Abstract Background: MR imaging of neuroblastic tumors is widely used for assessing the effect of chemotherapy on tumor size. However, there are some concerns that MRI might falsely estimate lesion diameters due to calcification and fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare neuroblastic tumor size based on MRI measurements to histopathology measurements of the resected specimens as standard of reference.Methods: Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of a neuroblastic tumor, MR imaging within 100 days to surgery and gross total resection without fragmentation of the tumor between 2008-2019. Lesion diameters were measured by two radiologists according to RECIST 1.1 in axial plane in T2w turbo spin echo (TSE), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and in T1w pre- and postcontrast sequences. Furthermore, the largest lesion size in three-dimensions was noted. The largest diameter of histopathology measurements of each specimen was used for comparison with MRI.Results: Thirty-seven patients (mean age: 5±4 years) with 38 lesions (neuroblastoma: n=17; ganglioneuroblastoma: n=11; ganglioneuroma: n=10) were included in this retrospective study. There was excellent intra-class correlation coefficient between both readers for all sequences (>0.9) Tumor dimensions of reader 1 based on axial MRI measurements were significantly smaller with the following median differences (cm): T1w precontrast -1.4 (interquartile range (IQR): 1.8 ), T1w postcontrast -1.0 (IQR: 1.9), T2w TSE: -1.0 (IQR: 1.6), and DWI -1.3 (IQR: 2.2) (p<0.001 for all sequences). However, the evaluation revealed no significant differences between the three-dimensional measurements and histopathology measurements of the resected specimens regardless of the applied MRI sequence.Conclusions: Axial MRI based lesion size measurements are significantly smaller than histopathological measurements. However, there was no significant difference between three-dimensional measurements and histopathology measurements of the resected specimens. T2w TSE and T1w postcontrast images provided the lowest deviation and might consequently be preferred for measurements.

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Retrospective accuracy analysis of MRI based lesion size measurement in neuroblastic tumors: which sequence should we choose?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48644/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Gassenmaier ◽

Ilias Tsiflikas ◽

Simon Maennlin ◽

Cristian Urla ◽

Steven W. Warmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Neuroblastic Tumor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

Neuroblastic Tumors ◽

Mri Measurements

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Retrospective Accuracy Analysis of MRI Based Lesion Size Measurement in Neuroblastic Tumors: Which Sequence Should We Choose?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48644/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Gassenmaier ◽

Ilias Tsiflikas ◽

Simon Maennlin ◽

Cristian Urla ◽

Steven W. Warmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Spin Echo ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Neuroblastic Tumor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

Neuroblastic Tumors

Abstract Background: MR imaging of neuroblastic tumors is widely used for assessing the effect of chemotherapy on tumor size. However, there are some concerns that MRI might falsely estimate lesion diameters due to calcification and fibrosis.Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare neuroblastic tumor size based on MRI measurements to histopathology as standard of reference.Methods: Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of a neuroblastic tumor, MR imaging within 100 days to surgery and gross total resection without fragmentation of the tumor between 2008-2019. Lesion diameters were measured by two radiologists according to RECIST 1.1 in axial plane in T2w turbo spin echo (TSE), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and in T1w pre- and postcontrast sequences. Furthermore, the largest lesion size in three-dimensions was noted. The largest diameter of histopathology measurements was used for comparison with MRI.Results: Thirty-seven patients (mean age: 5±4 years) with 38 lesions (neuroblastoma: n=17; ganglioneuroblastoma: n=11; ganglioneuroma: n=10) were included in this retrospective study. There was excellent intra-class correlation coefficient between both readers for all sequences(>0.9)Tumor dimensions of reader 1 based on axial MRImeasurements were significantly smaller with the following median differences (cm): T1w precontrast-1.4 (interquartile range (IQR): 1.8 ), T1w postcontrast -1.0 (IQR: 1.9),T2w TSE:-1.0 (IQR: 1.6) and DWI -1.3 (IQR: 2.2) (p<0.001 for all sequences). However, the evaluation revealed no significant differences between the three-dimensional measurements and histopathology regardless of the applied MRI sequence.Conclusions: Axial MRI based lesion size measurementsare significantly smaller than histopathological measurements. However, there was no significant difference between three-dimensional measurements and histopathology. T2w TSE and T1w postcontrast images provided the lowest deviation and might consequently be preferred for measurements.

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Microsensor measurement of oxygen concentration in biofilms: from one dimension to three dimensions

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0878 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 49 (11-12) ◽

pp. 353-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T. Yu ◽

C. de la Rosa ◽

R. Lu

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Oxygen Diffusion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Base Layer ◽

One Dimension ◽

Oxygen Distribution ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

Degree Of Heterogeneity

In this study, we measured oxygen concentration in biofilms in one dimension in field conditions and in three dimensions in laboratory conditions by using a robust oxygen microsensor in combination with an automation and data acquisition system. The biofilms were on the discs of rotating biological contactors treating domestic wastewater. The results of this study provide experimental evidence on oxygen distribution in wastewater biofilms and on biofilm structure. (1) The three dimensional measurements of oxygen concentration in biofilms revealed “pockets” of oxygen in deep sections of biofilms. In these isolated "pockets," located 600-760 mm from the biofilm surface, dissolved oxygen concentration was as high as 1 mg/L. This depth of oxygen diffusion is deeper than what was determined based on one dimensional measurements. (2) The heterogeneity of oxygen distribution was related to the surface structure of biofilms. The structure of the biofilm surface affected the diffusion boundary layer over the surface and, in turn, the oxygen diffusion and distribution inside biofilms. (3) Oxygen concentration in biofilms changed generally from a high degree of heterogeneity near the biofilm surface to a low degree of heterogeneity in deep sections of biofilms, indicating a cell-clusters-like structure near the surface and a more compact base layer close to the substratum.

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Towards a gender-aware understanding of innovation: a three-dimensional route

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1108/ijge-09-2012-0051 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 66-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Johanna Nählinder ◽

Malin Tillmar ◽

Caroline Wigren

Keyword(s):

Gender Bias ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Innovation Studies ◽

Content Type ◽

Quantitative Studies ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Public Debates ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

Gender Neutrality

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to discuss the theory of gender bias in innovation studies, to illustrate the gender bias of innovation studies by using empirical means and to suggest what is needed to reduce such bias. Previous studies on innovation have primarily focussed on male-dominated industries. These studies have been biased and hence unable to capture the range of innovations covered by theoretical definitions. Design/methodology/approach – An innovation survey was conducted among entrepreneurs in the traditionally “female-labelled” health-care industry, avoiding the “male-labelled” concept of innovation itself in the questionnaire. The authors endeavoured to ascertain whether there is a significant difference between males and females in terms of innovativeness. Quantitative analyses were used to analyse the results and draw comparisons with an ordinary innovation survey. Findings – Using a gender-aware operationalisation of innovation, no significant difference in innovativeness was found between men and women. This suggests that more attention is needed to correct the prevailing gender bias in innovation studies. A research model is presented to further understand the gender-biased operationalisations of innovation. Each of its three dimensions has a clear impact upon perceived innovativeness: the gender-label of the sector studied, the gender-neutrality of the operationalisation used in the study and the gender of the actors involved. All dimensions should be taken into account in future innovation studies that aim for gender neutrality. Practical implications – Operationalisations for measuring innovations are usually biased. Therefore, women appear less innovative, which, in turn, leads to less visibility. Originality/value – Gender perspectives are very seldom employed in innovation studies. In quantitative studies of this sort, it is even rarer. Our empirical evidence from the quantitative study shows the urgency of the need to broaden the concept both in academic, political and public debates. This is not the least for efficiency reasons in resource allocation and public policy.

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Role of multislice computed tomography 3D volumetric analysis in the assessment of the therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-021-00542-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Fouad Osman ◽

Ahmed Shawky Ali Farag ◽

Haney Ahmed Samy ◽

Tamer Mahmoud El-Baz ◽

Shaima Fattouh Elkholy

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Transarterial Chemoembolization ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Interventional Procedure ◽

Liver Volume ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Volumetric Analysis ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Locoregional Therapy ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Volumetric analysis is a novel radiological technique used in the measurement of target lesions in three dimensions in order to estimate the lesion’s volume. Recently, it has been used for evaluation of the remaining liver volume after partial hepatectomy and also for evaluation of the response of tumours to treatment. It has been proven to be more accurate than the standard one or two-dimensional measurements, and it is especially useful for the evaluation of complex tumours after radiological interventional methods when the use of standard methods is limited. In the current study, our aim was to evaluate the value of the three-dimensional (3D) volumetric method “Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (vRECIST)” and to compare it with the non–three-dimensional methods (RECIST) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) in the assessment of the therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Results A retrospective study was conducted on 50 patients with confirmed radiological or pathological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent TACE as the only interventional procedure and follwed up by triphasic CT 1 and 4 months after treatment. The study revealed a significant difference between mRECIST and vRECIST in the assessment of the therapeutic response of HCC after TACE, a weak agreement was found between both methods in the detection of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) or progressive disease (PD). Also, there was no significant agreement between mRECIST and vRECIST regarding the assessment by classifying the patients into responders or nonresponders. Conclusion Volumetric analysis is an effective method for measuring the HCC lesions and evaluating its response to locoregional treatment with a significant difference between vRECIST and mRECIST in the assessment of therapeutic response, which in turn help the interventional radiologist to decide the future treatments and change the therapeutic plans. Based on these results, we recommend vRECIST to be an essential part of the assessment of therapeutic response after locoregional therapy.

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Tumor size and prognosis in aggressively treated osteosarcoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1996.14.3.848 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 848-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 194

Author(s):

P Bieling ◽

N Rehan ◽

P Winkler ◽

K Helmke ◽

R Maas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Size ◽

Tumor Volume ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Dimensional Measure ◽

Length Width

PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the prognostic significance and optimal measures of tumor size in osteosarcoma treated with intensive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Initial anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral x-ray films of 128 patients treated within the trials Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study (COSS)-80, -82, and -86, were evaluated for the following three tumor diameters: length, width, and depth. Metastasis-free survival (MFS) analyses were performed in univariate and multivariate models with one, two, and three dimensions of the tumor as absolute or relative measures (tumor length, referred to bone length, plane and volume to body-surface area). RESULTS Univariate analyses of MFS showed a high prognostic significance of all absolute measures. Relative measures, at best, showed a comparable predictive value. Cox regression analysis indicated the high prognostic significance of absolute tumor volume (ATV; P < .0001) and histologic response (P < .0001). None of 19 patients with an ATV < or = 70 cm3 and only four of 53 with an ATV < or = 150 cm3 relapsed, while in patients with an ATV more than 150 cm3, the relapse rate remained 40% to 60%, irrespective of further increase in volume. CONCLUSION Initial tumor size is an important and easily obtainable prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and may serve as a basis for risk-adapted therapy. It is best represented by the absolute three-dimensional measure ATV. There is a cut-off point regarding the incidence of metastases at a tumor volume of approximately 150 cm3 as calculated from two-plane x-ray films.

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Differentiating malignant from benign salivary gland lesions: a multiparametric non-contrast MR imaging approach

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82455-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Koji Takumi ◽

Hiroaki Nagano ◽

Hidehiko Kikuno ◽

Yuichi Kumagae ◽

Yoshihiko Fukukura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Amide Proton ◽

Youden Index ◽

Benign Lesions ◽

Threshold Criterion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Malignant Lesions

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine whether multiparametric non-contrast MR imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and amide proton transfer (APT) weighted imaging can help differentiate malignant from benign salivary gland lesions. The study population consisted of 42 patients, with 31 benign and 11 malignant salivary gland lesions. All patients were evaluated using DWI, three-dimensional pseudo-continuous ASL, and APT-weighted imaging on 3 T MR imaging before treatment. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tumor blood flow (TBF), and APT-related signal intensity (APTSI) values within the lesion were compared between the malignant and benign lesions by Mann–Whitney U test. For each parameter, optimal cutoff values were chosen using a threshold criterion that maximized the Youden index for predicting malignant lesions. The performance of ADC, TBF, APTSI, individually and combined, was evaluated in terms of diagnostic ability for malignant lesions. Diagnostic performance was compared by McNemar test. APTSI was significantly higher in malignant lesions (2.18 ± 0.89%) than in benign lesions (1.57 ± 1.09%, p = 0.047). There was no significant difference in ADC or TBF between benign and malignant lesions (p = 0.155 and 0.498, respectively). The accuracy of ADC, TBF, and APTSI for diagnosing malignant lesions was 47.6%, 50.0%, and 66.7%, respectively; whereas the accuracy of the three parameters combined was 85.7%, which was significantly higher than that of each parameter alone (p = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.008, respectively). Therefore, the combination of ADC, TBF, and APTSI can help differentiate malignant from benign salivary gland lesions.

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Initial observations of fine plasma structures at the flank magnetopause with the complex plasma analyzer SCA-1 onboard the Interball Tail Probe

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.1007/s00585-997-0570-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 570-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

O. L. Vaisberg ◽

L. A. Avanov ◽

V. N. Smirnov ◽

J. L. Burch ◽

A. W. Leibov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distribution Function ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Slow Rotation ◽

Ion Distribution ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Complex Plasma ◽

Narrow Angle ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

Tail Probe

Abstract. The fast plasma analyzer EU-1 of the SCA-1 complex plasma spectrometer is installed onboard the Interball Tail Probe (Interball-1). It provides fast three-dimensional measurements of the ion distribution function on the low-spin-rate Prognoz satellite (about 2min). The EU-1 ion spectrometer with virtual aperture consists of two detectors with 16 E/Q narrow-angle analyzers and electrostatic scanners. This configuration allows one to measure the ion distribution function in three dimensions (over 15 energy steps in 50 eV/Q–5.0 keV/Q energy range in 64 directions) in 7.5 s, which makes it independent of the slow rotation speed of the satellite. A description of the instrument and its capabilities is given. We present here the preliminary results of measurements of ions for two cases of the dawn low- and mid-latitude magnetopause crossings. The properties of observed ion structures and their tentative explanation are presented. The 12 September 1995 pass at low latitude at about 90° solar-zenith angle on the dawn side of the magnetosphere is considered in more detail. Dispersive ions are seen at the edge of the magnetopause and at the edges of subsequently observed plasma structures. Changes in ion velocity distribution in plasma structures observed after the first magnetopause crossing suggest that what resembles multiple magnetopause crossings may be plasma blobs penetrating the magnetosphere. Observed variations of plasma parameters near magnetopause structures suggest nonstationary reconnection as the most probable mechanism for observed structures.

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Three dimensional measurements of pelvic tilt in trans-tibial amputations: The effects of pelvic tilt on trunk muscles strength and characteristics of gait

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.3109/03093649809164453 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Alsancak ◽

G. Sener ◽

B. Erdemli ◽

T. Ogun

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Tilt ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Video Camera ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Trunk Muscles ◽

Flexor Muscles ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

In Trans ◽

Trunk Extensor

The aim of this study was to determine the degree of pelvic tilt in three dimensions, the trunk muscle strength and effects on gait in trans-tibial amputated patients. This study comprised of 22 unilateral trans-tibial amputated patients who were seen at the authors' Prosthetics and Orthotics Laboratory for the purpose of prosthetic provision. Measurements were made using plurimeter and caliper and gait observations were made by video camera. In the sagittal and horizontal planes respectively the pelvic tilt was measured to be 12d` and 5.73d`, and such measurements in relation to the trunk extensor and flexor muscles were shown to be statistically significant (p<0.05). On the contrary, the same could not be said for frontal plane measurements. In addition, in 9 cases excessive knee flexion was noted during the stance phase having a direct influence on the pelvic tilt (p<0.05).

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