Human Development Index of the maternal country of origin and its relationship with maternal near miss: A systematic review of the literature

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is perhaps the most worrisome pandemic in the 21st century, having entailed devastating consequences for the whole society during the last year. Different studies have displayed an existing association between pregnancy and COVID-19 severity due to the various physiological changes that occur during gestation. Recent data identified maternal country of origin as an important determinant of COVID-19 presentation in pregnant women. However, the explanation of this fact remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to analyze the possible relationship between Human Development Index (HDI) of maternal country of origin with the morbimortality of pregnant women and their newborns. Here, we conducted a multicentric, ambispective, observational case-control study (1:1 ratio) and compare with the HDI of each country (group 1—very high HDI, group 2—high HDI, group 3—medium HDI, and group 4—low HDI). In total, 1347 pregnant women with confirmed SARV-CoV-2 infection (cases) were enrolled, and each was paired with one control to give a total number of 2694 participants from 81 tertiary care centers. Among the women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, more cases were produced of perinatal mortality, overall maternal morbidity, COVID-19 maternal morbidity, C-sections, hypertensive maternal morbidity, and perinatal morbidity. Our results described an inverse association between HDI and maternofetal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the countries with an HDI lower than 1 showed higher rates of patients with maternal COVID-19-related morbidity (6.0% vs. 2.4%, p < 0.001), a need for oxygen therapy (4.7% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001), and maternal ICU admission (2.6% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.007). Compared to other risk factors such as overweight, obesity, preexisting and obstetric comorbidities, HDI emerged as an independent risk factor explaining much of the increased maternal–perinatal morbidity and mortality detected in our group of cases. Further research is needed to establish to confirm the real impact of this factor and its components on pregnancy outcomes.

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Prevalence of epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽

10.1177/13623613211045029 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 136236132110450

Author(s):

Xian Liu ◽

Xin Sun ◽

Caihong Sun ◽

Mingyang Zou ◽

Yiru Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Development Index ◽

Pooled Prevalence

The literature from inception to 2020 on the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals was systematically reviewed and further explored by subgroup analyses and meta-regression models. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020179725). A total of 66 studies from 53 articles were included. The updated pooled prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals was 10% (95% CI: 6–14). The respective prevalence estimate of epilepsy was 19% (95% CI: 6–35) in the clinical sample-based cross-sectional study, 7% (95% CI: 3–11) in the cohort study, and 9% (95% CI: 5–15) in the population-based cross-sectional study. The pooled prevalence of epilepsy was 7% (95% CI: 4–11) in autistic children and 19% (95% CI: 14–24) in autistic adults. Compared to the school-aged group, the adolescence group (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.25) and the pre-school group (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.19) were positively associated with the prevalence of epilepsy. The moderators of age, human development index of the country, gender, and intellectual function accounted for most of the heterogeneity. The prevalence estimates were associated with age, female gender, intellectual disability rate, and the human development index of countries. About 1/10 autistic individuals co-occurred with epilepsy, which was common in the clinical setting, adolescents, adults, females, or patients with intellectual disability, and less common in the country with high human development index. Lay abstract Autistic individuals experience higher co-occurring medical conditions than the general population, and yet the estimates of autistic individuals with epilepsy are not updated. Co-occurrence of epilepsy in autistic individuals often aggravated cognitive impairment and increased the risk of poor long-term prognosis. Thus, an updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to study the relevant articles published from inception to 2020, evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals, and further explore the putative factors influencing the prevalence. A total of 66 studies from 53 articles were included in this study. The results showed that epilepsy is more common in autistic individuals than in the general population. The prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals in the clinical sample-based studies was higher than that in the population-based based cross-sectional or cohort studies. The prevalence of epilepsy in autistic adults was higher than that in autistic children. A significantly increased prevalence of epilepsy was detected in the autistic adolescent group (11–17 years old), and a higher trend of prevalence of epilepsy was observed in the autistic pre-school group (⩽ 6 -years-old) than that of the autistic school-aged group (7–10 years-old). The prevalence of epilepsy increased with age, female rate, and low intellectual function rate of autistic individuals. However, the human development index of countries was negatively associated with the pooled prevalence, which could be attributed to the different levels of awareness, diagnostic technologies, and autism-service support worldwide. About 1/10 autistic individuals also had epilepsy, which was common in the clinical setting, adolescents, adults, females, or patients with intellectual disability and less common in the country with high human development index. Thus, these findings provided critical and innovative views on the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals and contributed to the targeted clinical management and preventive measures.

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Surgical Site Infections after Inguinal Hernia Repairs Performed in Low- and Middle-Human Development Index Countries: A Systematic Review

Surgical Infections ◽

10.1089/sur.2017.154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lawrence Z. Cai ◽

Deshka Foster ◽

William C. Kethman ◽

Thomas G. Weiser ◽

Joseph D. Forrester

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Development Index

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Optimizing Caries Prevention Program in Dental Practice Based on Human Development Index (HDI): A Systematic Review

International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry ◽

10.15236/ijcpd.2021.17.3.188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 188-188

Author(s):

Regina Widjaja ◽

Putri Durotun Nafisa ◽

Clarabella Shakeena Aribowo ◽

Ivana Abigayl

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Human Development ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Caries Prevention ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Development Index

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Primary healthcare reform for chronic conditions in countries with high or very high human development index: A systematic review

Chronic Illness ◽

10.1177/17423953211059143 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174239532110591

Author(s):

Mohammed Alyousef ◽

Corina Naughton ◽

Colin Bradley ◽

Eileen Savage

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Care ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Human Development ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Healthcare Reform ◽

Development Index ◽

Healthcare Reforms ◽

Very High

Objective To address the growing burden of chronic disease globally, many countries have developed a national policy for primary healthcare reform. In some countries with high and very high human development index, evaluations of the implementation of these reforms have been published. To date, there has been no systematic review of these evaluations. The objectives of this review are to identify: (a) the vision for primary healthcare; (b) the features of primary healthcare reforms; and (c) evaluation findings of primary healthcare reforms. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted guided by the PRISMA statement. We searched for academic articles and grey literature from 1 March 2008 to 1 September 2020. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two authors. Descriptive analysis and narrative synthesis were applied. Results A vision for integrated primary healthcare shifting chronic disease management from specialist hospital services to primary care was found to require new organization and funding models such as collaborative primary healthcare networks and commissioning along with shared governance across health sectors. The need for general practitioner leadership and engagement to support primary healthcare reform was identified. Although there was evidence of barriers in progressing primary healthcare reform, evaluation results showed some positive outcomes, most notably shifts in services towards increased primary care access and utilization. Discussion A challenge in undertaking the review was the heterogeneity of articles with little consistency in how primary healthcare reform was evaluated and reported on across countries. Evaluation of national health reforms involves complex system-wide projects and is an area that needs further exploration and discussion to determine the most appropriate methodologies for collecting and analysing large-scale data with consideration for service and health outcomes.

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