The relationship between urologic cancer outcomes and national Human Development Index: trend in recent years

Objectives To describe the influence of the socioeconomic development on worldwide age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, as well as mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) and 5-year net survival of urologic cancer patients in recent years. Methods The Human Development Index (HDI) values were obtained from the United Nations Development Programme, data on age-standardized incidence/mortality rates of prostate, bladder and kidney cancer were retrieved from the GLOBOCAN database, 5-year net survival was provided by the CONCORD-3 program. We then evaluated the association between incidence/MIR/survival and HDI, with a focus on geographic variability as well as temporal patterns during the last 6 years. Results Urologic cancer incidence rates were positively correlated with HDIs, and MIRs were negatively correlated with HDIs. Prostate cancer survival also correlated positively with HDIs, solidly confirming the interrelation among cancer indicators and socioeconomic factors. Most countries experienced incidence decline over the most recent 6 years, and a substantial reduction in MIR was observed. Survival rates of prostate cancer have simultaneously improved. Conclusion Development has a prominent influence on urologic cancer outcomes. HDI values are significantly correlated with cancer incidence, MIR and survival rates. HDI values have risen along with increased incidence and improved outcomes of urologic caner in recent years.

Time Series Analysis of Global Energy Indices: Logarithmic and Normalized Techniques for Developmental Studies

Diverse opinions exist in the time series analysis of energy and related indices, difference in methodology, sample size, and time variation. This paper will make a conscious effort to converge the divergent outlooks. To accomplish this essential task, five energy indices consisting of energy consumption (EC), gross domestic product (GDP), carbon dioxide emission (CDE), the human development index (HDI), and oil price (OP) were selected. Two analytical methods were adopted, namely logarithmic and normalized techniques, which are designed to complement each other in drawing unfalsified statistical inference concerning the causality between the energy indices. The methods were subjected to four statistical tests and analyses: the augmented Dickey-Fuller, cointegration, pairwise Granger causality, and vector error correction model (VECM). Irrespective of prevailing challenges, both logarithmic and normalized techniques unanimously filtered out causalities. This consisted of neural flow between oil price and energy consumption, gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emission, and energy consumption and the human development index, unidirectional flow between energy consumption and the human development index, oil price and energy consumption, gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emission, and the human development index and oil price, whereas a normalized technique established bidirectional flow between gross domestic product and the human development index, and the human development index and oil price. Pertinently, the research suggests appropriate policies that will generate sustainable development in all the causal directions. Assiduously, the overwhelming agreement between both techniques at the 0.05 level is recommended for further validation with more modern econometric tests.

Human development in the USA

The article presents a study of human development in the United States. The dynamics of public expenditure on “human resources” is shown. An analysis is made of the changes in the US Human Development Index rankings, showing how they have evolved over the past 30 years. Data are provided on the components of the Index: life expectancy, educational attainment and gross national income per capita. The evolution of the Human Development Index is considered, and a new experimental Index, adjusted for planetary load, is presented. Data on the US labour force structure is given. The key mechanisms created in the US that allow the country to have a very high Human Development Index, are shown. In the case of Russia, the study shows the key role of the state in shaping and developing human potential.

Global variation in event-based surveillance for disease outbreak detection: A time series analysis (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Robust and flexible infectious disease surveillance is crucial for public health. Event-based surveillance (EBS) was developed to allow timely detection of infectious disease outbreaks using mostly web-based data. Despite its widespread use, EBS has not been evaluated systematically on a global scale in terms of outbreak detection performance. OBJECTIVE To assess the variation in timing and frequency of EBS reports compared to true outbreaks and to identify the determinants of variability, using the example of seasonal influenza epidemics in 24 countries. METHODS We obtained influenza-related reports from two EBS systems, HealthMap and the WHO Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS), and weekly virologic influenza counts from FluNet as a gold standard. Epidemic influenza periods were detected based on report frequency using Bayesian change point analysis. Timely sensitivity, i.e., outbreak detection within the first two weeks before or after an outbreak onset, was calculated along with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and timeliness of detection. Linear regressions were performed to assess the influence of country-specific factors on EBS performance. RESULTS Overall, monitoring the frequency of EBS reports detected 73.5% of outbreaks, but only 9.2% within two weeks of onset; in the best case, monitoring the frequency of health-related reports identified 29% of outbreaks within two weeks of onset. We observed a large degree of variability in all evaluation metrics across countries. The number of EBS reports available within a country, the human development index, and the country’s geographical location partially explained this variability. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring the frequency of EBS reports allowed just under 10% of seasonal influenza outbreaks to be detected in a timely manner in a worldwide analysis, with a large variability in detection capabilities. This article documents the global variation of EBS performance and demonstrates that monitoring report frequency alone in EBS may be insufficient for timely detection of outbreaks. Moreover, factors such as human development index and geographical location of a country may influence the performance of EBS and should be considered in future evaluations.

New Indicators and Measurement Methods for Welfare in the Global Economy Era

This study discusses the inadequacy of GDP alone as a measure of welfare in the global economic age and examines alternative welfare indicators and measurement methods. This study, which discusses the human development index (HDI), the inequality adjusted human development index (I-HDI), the gender inequality index (GII), the multidimensional poverty index (MPI), the social progress index (SPI), the happy planet index (HPI), the better life index (BLI), the Legatum prosperity index(LPI), the human capital index (HCI), and the ecological footprint (EF) methods, shares the country rankings of these methods and reveals the differences in the results depending on the method. It also draws attention to the differences between the economic size and welfare level by sharing the rankings of the world's 10 largest economies in alternative methods. In addition, the study examines the obstacles to the inability to establish a complete, precise, and generally accepted method of measuring welfare.

A Unified Model of Shariah Indices for Human Development and Prosperity

In recent years, several attempts have been made to measure human prosperity using shariah objectives. These, however, have failed to propose a unified model that incorporates the ‘means to achieve these objectives’. This paper attempts to fill this gap by arguing that a large proportion of shariah-led prosperity measures are in line with the United Nations’ Millennium and Sustainable Development (MSD) goals to achieve global development targets and reduce poverty. This paper proposes a global unified model for a human development index that identifies existing development data that can be utilised in accordance with the objectives of shariah. The proposed model attempts to build a bridge between shariah-based Islamic development indices and MSD goals to achieve prosperity via religiosity.

Analysis on the Impact of Economic Globalization on Human Development and Economic Growth in the ASEAN-4

Economic globalization has made economies fruitful; however, a few studies argued that its impact on human development is not at par with economic growth’s advancements. With this, the effect and difference of economic globalization in terms of Trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) on Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita were examined among the ASEAN-4 nations, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand conjointly from 1990 to 2019. Multiple regression was used to estimate the parameters and significance of the models. Results have proved that the predictors, collectively, have a positive and statistically significant effect on GDP and the HDI. However, the data showed that linear regression of GDP per capita at 51.21% has more variation than HDI at 35.95%, which could mainly be due to that human development is highly influenced by other factors such as demand political freedom and prioritization of human rights, while the preferred subset still has the three variables altogether. Yet there were sub predictors towards GDP per capita that showed a partial effect except for FDI and FDI+FPI. This might be caused by its unidirectionality and volatility in investing.

PENGARUH AHH, IDG, DAN JP TERHADAP IPM DI INDONESIA

This study examined the influence of the Life Expectancy Rate, Gender Empowerment Index, and Population Number on the Human Development Index in Indonesia. This study used panel data with time- series data for 6 years from 2015 to 2020 and cross-section data for 5 provinces in Indonesia obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The method of data analysis used was the Random Effect Model using Eviews 10. The results indicated that the life expectancy rate positively and significantly influenced the human development index, the gender empowerment index positively but insignificantly influenced the human development index, and the population negatively and insignificantly influenced the human development index. The researcher hopes that the government can improve the quality of human resources in the fields of health and education so that later the community can compete with other provincesKeywords:Human Development Index, Life Expectancy, Gender Empowerment Index, and Population