Serum levels of soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in patients with primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Abstract Background The interaction of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) produces immunosuppressive activity, protecting tumor cells from anti-tumor immunity and possibly releasing soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) from PD-L1 expressing tumor cells. Therefore, we measured serum levels of sPD-L1 in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and explored its clinical implications. Methods Sixty-eight patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and were treated with high-dose methotrexate-containing chemotherapy. The measurement of sPD-L1 and cytokines was performed using serum samples archived at diagnosis, and the tissue expression of PD-L1 was also analyzed from archived paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Disease relapse, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed according to the extent of sPD-L1 in serum and PD-L1 in tissue. Results The median level of serum sPD-L1 (0.429 ng/mL) was higher than in healthy control patients (0.364 ng/mL). The occurrence of relapse was more frequent in the high sPD-L1 (78%) than the low sPD-L1 group (50%), though the groups did not have different clinical or pathological characteristics at diagnosis. As a result, the OS and PFS for the high sPD-L1 group were significantly lower than those in the low group. PD-L1-positive tumor cells were found in 35 patients (67%), and the extent of PD-L1-postive tumor cells was positively associated with serum sPD-L1 levels (r = 0.299, P = 0.031). Among the 34 cytokines analyzed, only the serum level of IL-7 correlated with the serum level of sPD-L1 (r = 0.521, P < 0.001). Conclusions Serum levels of sPD-L1 could reflect the expression of PD-L1 in PCNSL tumor cells and predict patient survival outcomes. Therefore, sPD-L1 in serum could be a feasible biomarker for determining a risk-adapted treatment strategy for PCNSL patients.

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Serum levels of soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in patients with primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

10.21203/rs.2.10901/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Inju Cho ◽

Hansang Lee ◽

Sang Eun Yoon ◽

Kyung Ju Ryu ◽

Young Hyeh Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Programmed Death ◽

Programmed Death 1 ◽

Large B Cell

Abstract Background The interaction of programmed death-1 protein (PD-1) and programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) produces immunosuppressive activity, protecting tumor cells from anti-tumor immunity and possibly releasing soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) from PD-L1 expressing tumor cells. Therefore, we measured serum levels of sPD-L1 in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and explored its clinical implications. Methods Sixty-eight patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and were treated with high-dose methotrexate-containing chemotherapy. The measurement of sPD-L1 and cytokines was performed using serum samples archived at diagnosis, and the tissue expression of PD-L1 was also analyzed from archived paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Disease relapse, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed according to the extent of sPD-L1 in serum and PD-L1 in tissue. Results The median level of serum sPD-L1 (0.429 ng/mL) was higher than in healthy control patients (0.364 ng/mL). The occurrence of relapse was more frequent in the high sPD-L1 (78%) than the low sPD-L1 group (50%), though the groups did not have different clinical or pathological characteristics at diagnosis. As a result, the OS and PFS for the high sPD-L1 group were significantly lower than those in the low group. PD-L1-positive tumor cells were found in 35 patients (67%), and the extent of PD-L1-postive tumor cells was positively associated with serum sPD-L1 levels ( r = 0.299, P = 0.031). Among the 34 cytokines analyzed, only the serum level of IL-7 correlated with the serum level of sPD-L1 (r = 0.521, P < 0.001). Conclusions Serum levels of sPD-L1 could reflect the expression of PD-L1 in PCNSL tumor cells and predict patient survival outcomes. Therefore, sPD-L1 in serum could be a feasible biomarker for determining a risk-adapted treatment strategy for PCNSL patients.

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Soluble Human Interleukin-2 Receptor (SIL-2R) as a Potential Predictor for Central Nervous System Relapse In Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma In Rituximab Era: A 4.4-Year Follow up Analysis.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v116.21.2814.2814 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 116 (21) ◽

pp. 2814-2814

Author(s):

Noriko Nishimura ◽

Masahiro Yokoyama ◽

Kengo Takeuchi ◽

Eriko Nara ◽

Kenji Nakano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Cns Relapse ◽

Large B Cell

Abstract Abstract 2814 Background: Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is considered an infrequent but severe, nearly fatal complication of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) following initial chemotherapy. Intrathecal (IT) prophylaxis cannot be recommended for all DLBCL patients because of the low probability of CNS relapse. Rituximab (R) added to CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) has been reported as likely to reduce the frequency of CNS relapse in patients with DLBCL, however, the efficacy of rituximab on the prognosis of CNS relapse compared with those who relapsed at other sites and predictive factors for CNS relapse in patients treated with rituximab contained chemotherapy remain unclear. The main objective was to determine the high-risk patients who need IT prophylaxis and the outcomes of CNS relapse compared with relapse on other sites. Patients and Methods: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab contained CHOP regimen with or without radiotherapy and IT prophylaxis at Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR between October 2003 and December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. CNS relapse was defined as leptomeningeal, brain parenchymal, or intradural involvement with lymphoma, based on radiological findings or the presence of malignant lymphoma cells in spinal fluid. Results: A total number of 137 patients were identified. IT prophylaxis was administered in 13 of 137 patients (9.48%) depending on the sites of lymphoma involvement, such as bone marrow involvement, testis, paranasal sinuses. 17 of 137 patients (12.4%) underwent radiotherapy after chemotherapy because of early stage or their residual disease. With a median follow-up period of 4.4 years, 9 patients had experienced CNS relapse (6.7%: 3.0–12.1, 95%CI) among 30 documented relapses, with 9 presenting with nodal relapse alone and 21 presenting with extranodal relapse including CNS. IT prophylaxis and the addition of radiotherapy did not affect the frequency of CNS relapse (P=0.6 and 0.26). Median time to CNS relapse was 20 months. Overall survival (OS) was significantly inferior in CNS relapse patients to other-sites relapse patients, (median OS, 61 months vs. did not occur; P =.042). Nevertheless, OS was not significantly different between patients with CNS relapse or at other sites. In univariate analysis, factors associated with CNS relapse (P < 0.05) included age over 65 years and serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptors (sIL-2R) ≧10 ULN (upper limit of normal) but not sex, PS ≧3, stage ≧4, B symptom, bulky mass, elevated LDH >2 ULN, elevated MIB1 index ≧90%, poor revised-international prognostic index (R-IPI), extranodal sites ≧2, or type of GC or non-GC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified increased serum levels of (sIL-2R) (P =0.037) as an independent predictive factor for CNS relapse (P=0.04, HR=7.02: 95%CI=1.87-26.22). Five of 9 CNS relapse patients were still alive with the combination treatment of whole brain irradiation, systemic chemotherapy (R- dexamethasone, cisplatin, cytarabine) and intrathecal chemotherapy. Conclusions: The incidence rate of CNS relapse in 137 DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP, CEOP regimens may be lower than with CHOP in agreement with previous studies. Furthermore, rituximab may improve OS after CNS relapse. Ten times increased serum s-IL2R is a potential independent risk factor for CNS relapse and should be included in the IT prophylaxis indication in patients with DLBCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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