Serum erythropoietin concentration and its correlation with stage of diabetic retinopathy

Abstract Background Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the systemic angiogenic factors, and its role in ocular angiogenesis and in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is not yet fully understood. The latest research data reveal a possible correlation of higher erythropoietin concentrations in the blood and in the eye with the development of more advanced stages of DR. The main aim of this work was to examine the possible influence of serum concentrations of erythropoietin on the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods The research involved 90 patients examined at the University Eye Clinic of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. The first group comprised 60 patients with diabetes mellitus lasting for 10 years or more, with diabetic retinopathy. The second, control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. In the first group of 60 patients with diabetes, 30 of them had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 30 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Laboratory EPO serum levels were determined, and they were correlated to the stage of DR. Concentration of EPO was assessed by ELISA method. Results The highest average concentration of EPO in serum (9.95 mIU/ml) was determined in the group of people with diabetes with PDR. The lowest average concentration of EPO in the serum (6.90 mIU/ml) was found in the control group. The average concentration of EPO in serum in the group of patients with diabetes with NPDR was 7.00 mIU/ml. The EPO concentration in serum was elevated in the group of PDR, and it was directly proportional to the level of the clinical stadium of PDR, being significantly higher in the moderate and severe subgroup of PDR comparing to the control healthy subjects, NPDR and mild PDR (p = 0.007). Conclusions Significantly elevated serum concentration of EPO in the advanced stages of DR, and positive correlation between EPO serum concentration and clinical stages of PDR, suggest that erythropoietin represents an important growth factor from blood, which plays a significant role in retinal ischemia and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy, especially in the proliferative stage of this disease.

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Serum Erythropoietin Concentration And Its Correlation With Stage Of Diabetic Retinopathy

10.21203/rs.2.12950/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sofija Davidović ◽

Babić Nikola ◽

Jovanović Sandra ◽

Barišić Sava ◽

Grković Desanka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Advanced Stages

Abstract Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the systemic angiogenic factors, and its role in ocular angiogenesis and in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is not yet fully understood. The latest research data reveal a possible correlation of higher erythropoietin concentrations in the blood and in the eye with the development of more advanced stages of DR. The main aim of this work was to examine the possible influence of serum concentrations of erythropoietin on the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.Methods The research involved 90 patients examined at the University Eye Clinic of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. The first group comprised 60 patients with diabetes mellitus lasting for ten years or more, with diabetic retinopathy. The second, control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. In the first group of 60 patients with diabetes, 30 of them had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 30 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Laboratory EPO serum levels were determined, and they were correlated to the stage of DR. Concentration of EPO was assessed by ELISA method.Results The highest average concentration of EPO in serum (9.95 mIU/ml) was determined in the group of people with diabetes with PDR. The lowest average concentration of EPO in the serum (6.90 mIU/ml) was found in the control group. The average concentration of EPO in serum in the group of patients with diabetes with NPDR was 7.00 mIU/ml. The EPO concentration in serum was elevated in the group of PDR, and it was directly proportional to the level of the clinical stadium of PDR, being significantly higher in the moderate and severe subgroup of PDR comparing to the control healthy subjects, NPDR and mild PDR (p=0.007).Conclusions Significantly elevated serum concentration of EPO in the advanced stages of DR, and positive correlation between EPO serum concentration and clinical stages of PDR, suggest that erythropoietin represents an important growth factor from blood, which plays a significant role in retinal ischemia and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy, especially in the proliferative stage of this disease.

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Systemic Erythropoietin Concentration and its Correlation with Stage of Diabetic Retinopathy

10.21203/rs.2.12950/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sofija Davidović ◽

Babić Nikola ◽

Jovanović Sandra ◽

Barišić Sava ◽

Grković Desanka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Study Results ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Summary: Background: Erythropoietin (Epo) is one of systemic angiogenic factors, and its role in ocular angiogenesis and in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is not yet fully understood. Latest research data reveal possible correlation of higher EPO concentrations of erythropoietin in blood and in the eye, with more severe of stages of DR. The main aim of this work was to examine the possible influence of serum concentrations of erythropoietin on the development and stages of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: The research involved 90 patients examined at University Eye Clinic in Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, Serbia. First group comprised of 60 patients with diabetes mellitus lasting 10 years or more, with diabetic retinopathy. Second, control group, consisted of 30 healthy individuals. In the first group of 60 diabetic patients, 30 of them had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 30 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Laboratory EPO serum levels were determined, and they were correlated to the stage of DR. Concentration of EPO was assessed by ELISA method at the end of the study. Results: The highest average concentration of EPO in serum (9.95 mIU/ml) was determined in group of diabetics with PDR. The lowest average concentration of EPO in serum (6.90 mIU/ml) was found in control group. The average concentration of Epo in serum in group of diabetics with NPDR was 7.00 mIU/ml. EPO concentration in serum was elevated in group of PDR, and it was directly proportional to the level of clinical stadium of PDR, being significantly higher in moderate and severe subgroup of PDR comparing to control healthy subjects, NPDR and mild PDR (h=9.858, p=0.007). Conclusions: Significantly elevated serum concentration of EPO in advanced stages of DR, and positive correlation between EPO serum concentration and clinical stadium of PDR, suggest that erythropoietin presents one of the important growth factors from blood, which plays role in retinal ischemia and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy, especially in the proliferative stage of this disease. Keywords: diabetic retinopathy; erythropoietin; glycated hemoglobin; non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

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Serum Erythropoietin Concentration And Its Correlation With Stage Of Diabetic Retinopathy

10.21203/rs.2.12950/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sofija Davidović ◽

Babić Nikola ◽

Jovanović Sandra ◽

Barišić Sava ◽

Grković Desanka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Study Results ◽

Patients With Diabetes

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Investigation of prolactin-related vasoinhibin in sera from patients with diabetic retinopathy

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0130 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 161 (2) ◽

pp. 345-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jakob Triebel ◽

Michael Huefner ◽

Giuliano Ramadori

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patients With Diabetes

ObjectiveIn vitro experiments and in vivo studies on rodents demonstrate that N-terminal 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 kDa fragments prolactin-related vasoinhibin (PRL-V) of human PRL are natural inhibitors of neovascularization in the retina and elsewhere. These N-terminal PRL fragments belong to a family of peptides named vasoinhibins, which act as endogenous regulators of angiogenesis and vascular function. These observations led to the hypothesis that PRL-V could play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy have aberrant concentrations of PRL-V in the circulating blood.Research designWe performed a case–control study and developed a new technique to semi-quantitatively determine PRL-V in serum samples from 48 male subjects. The case group consisted of 21 patients with diabetes mellitus and proliferative or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The control group consisted of 27 healthy subjects with no history of diabetes mellitus.MethodsFor the detection of PRL-V, we developed a new analytical method, consisting of immunologic and laser-induced fluorescence techniques.ResultsThe case group had significantly lower PRL-V serum concentrations than the control group (P=0.041). There was no significant difference between patients with proliferative and those with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.ConclusionWe conclude that given the antiangiogenic and antivasopermeability actions of PRL-V, the decreased serum levels of PRL-V in patients with diabetes mellitus could contribute to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.

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Elevated serum levels of N?-carboxymethyl-lysine, an advanced glycation end product, are associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-004-1455-y ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

B.O. Boehm ◽

S. Schilling ◽

S. Rosinger ◽

G.E. Lang ◽

G.K. Lang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Macular Oedema ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Advanced Glycation End Product ◽

Carboxymethyl Lysine

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Study of aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7818 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 28-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D Karimsab ◽

SK Razak

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Ocular Infections ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Conjunctival Flora ◽

Normal Bacterial Flora

Introduction: Normal bacterial flora may be altered by a variety of factors. Objective: To study the aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus and to find its clinical significance by comparing the results to the conjunctival flora of non-diabetic subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 75 diabetic patients were included as cases and 25 nondiabetics as controls to compare the results. Specimens for the study of conjunctival flora were taken by rubbing sterile cotton-tipped swabs to the inferior palbebral conjunctiva. The conjunctival culture report of the patients with diabetic mellitus was compared to that of nondiabetic subjects. Results: Positive conjunctival cultures were seen in a higher percentage of patients with diabetes (unilateral and bilateral positive conjunctival cultures 34.66 % and 58.66 % respectively) compared to that in non-diabetic controls (unilateral and bilateral positive conjunctival cultures 24 % and 16 % respectively). Diabetics showed a higher proportion of coagulase negative staphylococci (45.33 %), compared to the non-diabetic group (16 %). Among the diabetic patients, positive conjunctival cultures were detected more frequently in those with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy. A higher proportions of bilateral positive conjunctival cultures were seen in cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (38.63 %) in comparison to patients with no retinopathy and different stages of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: The conjunctival floral pattern with increased bacteria in diabetics is a predominant cause of many diabetes-related ocular infections. The presence of diabetic retinopathy is an indicator for increased colonization of conjunctiva, and its severity correlates with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):28-32 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7818

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Assessment of Absorption of Glycated Nail Proteins in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56120658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 658

Author(s):

Ieva Jurgeleviciene ◽

Daiva Stanislovaitiene ◽

Vacis Tatarunas ◽

Marius Jurgelevicius ◽

Dalia Zaliuniene

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Long Term Observation

Background and objectives: Glycation occurs in a variety of human tissues and organs. Knowledge about the relationship between predictive biochemical factors such as absorption of glycated nail proteins and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains limited. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of patients with type 2 DM and DR (n = 32) and a control group (n = 28). Each patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. The glycation process in nail clippings was evaluated in stages of in vitro glycation and deglycation stages. ATR–FTIR spectroscopy was used to calculate the infrared absorption in the region of interest. The absorption of solutions with nail clippings was evaluated by NanoDrop spectrophotometry. Absorption spectra differences before and after the exposure to fructosamine 3-kinase were compared between DM patients with DR and the control group. Results: The absorption of glycated nail protein greater than 83.00% increased the chance of developing DM and DR (OR = 15.909, 95% CI 3.914–64.660, p < 0.001). Absorption of glycated nail protein by ATR–FTIR spectroscopy in patients with DM and DR in vitro glycation was statistically significantly higher than in the control group; also absorption of solution with nails by NanoDrop spectroscopy was statistically significantly higher than in controls in vitro glycation and in vitro deglycation. After exposure to fructosamine 3-kinase, absorption of nail protein in DM + severe/proliferative DR group was statistically significantly lower in comparison with DM + mild/moderate group DR. Conclusions: Evaluation of glycated nail protein could be applied to evaluate the risk of having DM and for long-term observation of DM control.

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CLINICAL STUDY OF RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH RISK FACTORS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i10.668 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Dr Kalpana Singh ◽

Dr Dhiraj Balwir ◽

Dr Jeetendra Singh ◽

Dr Ruchita Raikar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Systemic Complications ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Aim: To study the relationship between severity of diabetic retinopathy (PDR or NPDR) and systemic complications of diabetes mellitus such as Neuropathy, Nephropathy or Cardiovascular manifestation as hypertension. Methods and Materials: This prospective observational study of 100 patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy. Such patients were recruited as a part of the study and further examined for any other systemic abnormality as neuropathy, nephropathy or hypertension. Statistical Analysis: Chi square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. P value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Male: Female ratio of presence of diabetic retinopathy was 2.13: 1. The rate of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1.47 % in persons who had diabetes for less than 5 years to 7.35 % in persons who had diabetes more than 15 years. In our study, it was seen that nephropathy was present in 35.71 % cases with PDR as compared to 8.93% of cases with Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Conclusion: Our study showed that there is a significant correlation between severity of retinopathy and duration in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Maximum number of patients with Diabetes mellitus having cardiovascular involvement, had hypertension (68%).In patients suffering from neuropathy as a complication of DM, maximum number of patients had diabetic foot (56%).It was seen that the severity of diabetic retinopathy had some association with presence of nephropathy. Also it can be postulated that patients with severe NPDR and PDR have high risk of developing nephropathy than patients suffering with mild and moderate NPDR. Hence it can be recommended that all patients of diabetes mellitus suffering from clinically significant neuropathy, nephropathy or hypertension as a complication of diabetes should always be screened for presence of retinopathy. Further studies with larger sample size are to be conducted to further look into this association. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, complications

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Supplementation with a Highly Concentrated Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A 2-Year Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox11010116 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Purificación Piñas García ◽

Francisco Javier Hernández Martínez ◽

Núria Aznárez López ◽

Luis Castillón Torre ◽

Mª Eugenia Tena Sempere

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Nutritional Supplement ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Patients With Diabetes

We assessed the effect of a 2-year supplementation with a highly concentrated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) product with antioxidant activity on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. A total of 170 patients with diabetes were randomly assigned to the DHA group (n = 83) or the placebo group (n = 87). NPDR was diagnosed using non-contact slit lamp biomicroscopy examination, and classified into mild, moderate, and severe stages. Patients in the DHA group received a high rich DHA triglyceride (1050 mg/day) nutritional supplement, and those in the placebo group received olive oil capsules. The percentages of mild NPDR increased from 61.7% at baseline to 75.7% at the end of the study in the DHA group, and from 61.9% to 73.1% in the placebo group. Moderate NPDR stages decreased from 35.1% at baseline to 18.7% at the end of the study in the DHA group, and from 36.8% to 26.0% in the placebo group. In the DHA group, there were five eyes with severe NPDR at baseline, which increased to one more at the end of the study. In the placebo group, of two eyes with severe NPDR at baseline, one eye remained at the end of the study. Changes in visual acuity were not found. There were improvements in the serum levels of HbA1c in both groups, but significant differences between the DHA and the placebo groups were not found. In this study, the use of a DHA triglyceride nutraceutical supplement for 2 years did not appear to influence the slowing of the progression of NPDR.

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The association of serum and vitreous adropin concentrations with diabetic retinopathy

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/0004563218820359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 253-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shipeng Li ◽

Jianling Sun ◽

Wenchao Hu ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Dan Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Assay Method ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients

Objective Adropin, a newly identified regulatory protein encoded by Enho gene, is correlated with insulin sensitivity and diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine whether serum and vitreous adropin concentrations are correlated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Methods A population of 165 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (52 without diabetic retinopathy, 69 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 44 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy) was enrolled in this study. The control group enrolled 68 healthy subjects who had underwent vitrectomy for retinal detachment. Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results Control subjects had significantly higher serum and vitreous adropin concentrations compared with diabetic patients. Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients were significantly reduced compared with those in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. In addition, there were lower serum and vitreous adropin concentrations in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum and vitreous adropin were associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations are negatively associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy.

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