The role of tobacco smoking and illicit drug use in adolescent acute alcohol intoxication

Abstract Background This study aims to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and illicit drug use among Dutch adolescents admitted to hospital for acute alcohol intoxication treatment. Furthermore, socio-demographic predictors for smoking and illicit drug use in the sample population will be studied. The relationship between illicit drug use and specific characteristics of intoxication, such as blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and duration of reduced consciousness is also investigated. Methods The national Dutch Paediatric Surveillance Unit was used to prospectively register cases of acute alcohol intoxication from 2007 through 2017. Cases were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: BAC > 0.0 g/L, aged between 10 to 18 years old and requiring hospital treatment due to reduced consciousness. Questionnaires were sent to paediatricians to obtain clinical information. Results During the period 2007–2017, 5322 cases that met the inclusion criteria were reported. In this patient group, the prevalence of tobacco smoking was 22.2% (CI 21.0–23.5%), while the prevalence of illicit drug use was 11.8% (CI 10.9–12.7%). The predictors for smoking were the absence of alcohol-specific parental rule-setting, lower educational level, non-traditional family structure and positive drug screening. The predictors for illicit drug use were the absence of alcohol-specific parental rule-setting and smoking. Illicit drug use was also associated with a lower BAC at the time of admission. Conclusions Assessing smoking and illicit drug use among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication is important in acute cases of intoxication, for outpatient follow-up and for the purposes of prevention. The relationship between simultaneous illicit drug use and a lower BAC is of relevance for paediatricians’ attempts to diagnose acute intoxication. With respect to outpatient follow-up and preventive measures, it is important to be aware that adolescents’ alcohol consumption, tobacco and illicit drug use are related and, ultimately, increase the odds of using other substances.

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Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-021-02118-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emina Mehanović ◽

Federica Vigna-Taglianti ◽

Fabrizio Faggiano ◽

Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽

Barbara Zunino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Large Population ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

European Countries ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

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Cannabis use, subsequent other illicit drug use and drug use disorders: A 16-year follow-up study among Swedish adults

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 106390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rynaz Rabiee ◽

Andreas Lundin ◽

Emilie Agardh ◽

Yvonne Forsell ◽

Peter Allebeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Drug Use Disorders

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Correction: Tobacco Smoking and Its Association with Illicit Drug Use among Young Men Aged 15-24 Years Living in Urban Slums of Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0091618 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e91618

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Young Men ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Urban Slums

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What predicts illicit drug use and drug offending? The Finnish 'from a boy to a man' follow-up study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.644 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. S195

Author(s):

S. Niemela ◽

A. Sourander ◽

P. Wu ◽

K. Poikolainen ◽

H. Elonheimo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Follow Up Study

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Follow-up results of Supportive versus Behavioral Therapy for illicit drug use

Behaviour Research and Therapy ◽

10.1016/0005-7967(95)00049-4 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

N.H. Azrin ◽

R. Acierno ◽

E.S. Kogan ◽

B. Donohue ◽

V.A. Besalel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Illicit Drug Use

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A twin study of early cannabis use and subsequent use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704002545 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1227-1237 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

ARPANA AGRAWAL ◽

MICHAEL C. NEALE ◽

CAROL A. PRESCOTT ◽

KENNETH S. KENDLER

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Strong Association ◽

Model Fitting ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Twin Design ◽

The Relationship ◽

Discordant Twin

Introduction. Cannabis use is strongly associated with the use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs. Gateway and common liabilities models have been employed to explain this relationship. We sought to examine this association using a combination of the discordant twin design and modeling methods.Method. We assess the relationship between early cannabis use and the subsequent use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs in a population-based sample of male and female twin pairs using four analyses: (i) analysis of the association between early cannabis use and other illicit drug use and abuse/dependence in the entire sample of twins, (ii) assessment of the influence of early cannabis use in twin 1 on twin 2's use or abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs, (iii) use of twin pairs discordant for early cannabis use in a discordant twin design and (iv) a model-fitting procedure.Results. We found: (i) a strong association between early cannabis use and use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs in the sample, (ii) twin 1's early cannabis use is significantly associated with the twin 2's other illicit drug use, (iii) the role of correlated genetic factors with some evidence for a causal influence, and (iv) the correlated liabilities model fits the data well.Conclusions. Early cannabis use is strongly associated with other illicit drug use and abuse/dependence. The relationship arises largely due to correlated genetic and environmental influences with persisting evidence for some causal influences.

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The Role of Drugs in Workplace Injuries: Is Drug Testing Appropriate?

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204269502500404 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 703-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Scott Macdonald

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Drug Testing ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Household Survey ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Alcohol Problems ◽

Age Group ◽

Workplace Injuries ◽

The Relationship

In the past decade, many employers have adopted drug-testing programs to reduce workplace injuries. However, little scientific evidence shows that drug use is a significant and substantial cause of total workplace injuries. The purpose of this study was to empirically assess the role of drugs and alcohol in causing workplace injuries. Questionnaires were received from 882 Ontario employees in a household survey. Results showed that many variables were significantly related to job injuries. The variables were ranked according to the relative importance of each variable's contribution to total job injuries. Alcohol problems, licit drug use, and illicit drug use ranked 7, 11, and 12 respectively among a group of 12 significant variables. In order to examine the likelihood that drug use was a cause of job injuries, the relationship between job injuries and alcohol problems, licit drug use, and illicit drug use was examined across categories of third variables. For age, the relationship between drug use and injuries remained strong for the youngest age group, but disappeared for the oldest age group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the plausibility of noncausal explanations of job injuries for illicit drug use, but not for alcohol problems or licit drug use. Overall, the results indicated that illicit drug use does not appear to be a major cause of job injuries. The implications of these results for drug-testing programs are discussed.

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Adapting the ASSIST model of informal peer-led intervention delivery to the Talk to FRANK drug prevention programme in UK secondary schools (ASSIST + FRANK): intervention development, refinement and a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

Public Health Research ◽

10.3310/phr05070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 1-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James White ◽

Jemma Hawkins ◽

Kim Madden ◽

Aimee Grant ◽

Vanessa Er ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drug Use ◽

Health Research ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Drug Prevention ◽

Smoking Prevention ◽

Prevention Intervention

BackgroundIllicit drug use increases the risk of poor physical and mental health. There are few effective drug prevention interventions.ObjectiveTo assess the acceptability of implementing and trialling two school-based peer-led drug prevention interventions.DesignStage 1 – adapt ASSIST, an effective peer-led smoking prevention intervention to deliver information from the UK national drug education website [see www.talktofrank.com (accessed 29 August 2017)]. Stage 2 – deliver the two interventions, ASSIST + FRANK (+FRANK) and FRANK friends, examine implementation and refine content. Stage 3 – four-arm pilot cluster randomised control trial (cRCT) of +FRANK, FRANK friends, ASSIST and usual practice, including a process evaluation and an economic assessment.SettingFourteen secondary schools (two in stage 2) in South Wales, UK.ParticipantsUK Year 8 students aged 12–13 years at baseline.Interventions+FRANK is a UK informal peer-led smoking prevention intervention provided in Year 8 followed by a drug prevention adjunct provided in Year 9. FRANK friends is a standalone informal peer-led drug prevention intervention provided in Year 9. These interventions are designed to prevent illicit drug use through training influential students to disseminate information on the risks associated with drugs and minimising harms using content from www.talktofrank.com. Training is provided off site and follow-up visits are made in school.OutcomesStage 1 – +FRANK and FRANK friends intervention manuals and resources. Stage 2 – information on the acceptability and fidelity of delivery of the interventions for refining manuals and resources. Stage 3 – (a) acceptability of the interventions according to prespecified criteria; (b) qualitative data from students, staff, parents and intervention teams on implementation and receipt of the interventions; (c) comparison of the interventions; and (d) recruitment and retention rates, completeness of primary, secondary and intermediate outcome measures and estimation of costs.Results+FRANK and FRANK friends were developed with stakeholders [young people, teachers (school management team and other roles), parents, ASSIST trainers, drug agency staff and a public health commissioner] over an 18-month period. In the stage 2 delivery of +FRANK, 12 out of the 14 peer supporters attended the in-person follow-ups but only one completed the electronic follow-ups. In the pilot cRCT, 12 schools were recruited, randomised and retained. The student response rate at the 18-month follow-up was 93% (1460/1567 students). Over 80% of peer supporters invited were trained and reported conversations on drug use and contact with trainers. +FRANK was perceived less positively than FRANK friends. The prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use was 4.1% at baseline and 11.6% at follow-up, with low numbers of missing data for all outcomes. The estimated cost per school was £1942 for +FRANK and £3041 for FRANK friends. All progression criteria were met.ConclusionsBoth interventions were acceptable to students, teachers and parents, but FRANK friends was preferred to +FRANK. A limitation of the study was that qualitative data were collected on a self-selecting sample. Future work recommendations include progression to a Phase III effectiveness trial of FRANK friends.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN14415936.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 5, No. 7. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The work was undertaken with the support of the Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer). Joint funding (MR/KO232331/1) from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, the Economic and Social Research Council, the Medical Research Council, the Welsh Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK CRC, is gratefully acknowledged.

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