scholarly journals The characteristics and factors of the internalizing and externalizing behaviours of children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ding ◽  
Huiyun Gao ◽  
Jiying Jiang ◽  
Mengyao Zhai ◽  
Huan Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Background The behavioral characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not only affected by their disease, but also by their parenting environment. HR-ASD has the risk of developing internalization and externalization problems. How the early development of these behavioral problems is affected by parent-child interaction is worth exploring. We tested whether parent-child interactions and parenting characteristics were associated with behavioural problems during the infant periods. Methods This study collected data from 91 infants at high risk for ASD and 68 matched typically developing (TD) infants, about their internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems and engagement states (i.e. positive, negative, and parent-child interactions), using free play paradigm. Parent measures were assessed using the Broad Autism Phenotypic Questionnaire (BAPQ) and Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF) questionnaire. The core symptoms of ASD were assessed using the the Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule (ADOS). Results During free play, infants in the HR-ASD group showed more internalizing (P < 0.001) and externalizing (P < 0.05) behaviours and less positive engagement (P < 0.01) than the TD group. In the regression analysis, we found that parenting stress had an impact on the infants’ externalizing behaviours (△R2 = 0.215). Parent negative engagement had an impact on the infants’ internalizing behaviours (△R2 = 0.451). Conclusions The present study revealed that children at high risk for ASD exhibited more severe internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems than TD group. The parent negative engagement is associated with behavioural problems. The findings on the contribution of parents’ factors to behavioural problems suggests that the parenting stress and parent-child interactions are important factors for mitigating behavioural problems.

scholarly journals The characteristics and factors of the internalizing and externalizing behaviours of children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ding ◽  
Yanling Ren ◽  
Jiying Jiang ◽  
Mengyao Zhai ◽  
Huan Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Positive Engagement ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk of developing internalizing and externalizing problems. However, information on the early development of behavioural problems and the contributing role of parent-child interactions among infants at high risk for ASD is lacking. We tested whether parent-child interactions and parenting characteristics were associated with behavioural problems during the infant and toddler periods and examined the effects of the intervention on behavioural problems.Methods: This study collected data from 91 infants at high for risk ASD and 68 matched typically developing (TD) infants. At baseline, behavioural observation was performed during free play with all the enrolled families, and in the ASD group, a second behavioural observation was performed after 12 weeks of the Play-based Communication and Behavior Intervention (PCBI). The coding of parent-child interactions was based on the behaviour of parents and children during free play. These data included the child’s engagement with each parent and behavioural problems.Results: During free play, infants in the ASD group showed more internalizing behaviours (p<0.001) and externalizing behaviours (p<0.05) and less positive engagement (p<0.01) than TD infants. After 12 weeks of intervention, we found that infants at high for risk ASD had reduced internalizing behaviours (p<0.001), increased parent positive engagement (p<0.001), and improved parent-child interactions (p<0.001). In the regression analysis, we found that parenting stress had an impact on infants’ externalizing behaviours (△R2 = 0.215). Parent negative engagement had an impact on infants’ internalizing behaviours (△R2 = 0.451).Conclusions: The findings on the contribution of both parent negative engagement and parent-child interactions to behavioural problems suggests that the amelioration of parent negative engagement is an important factor for the mitigation of behavioural problems. The amelioration of parenting stress is associated with externalizing behaviours. Early intervention and parental factors are important for preventing behavioural problems and possible comorbidity problems in the future.

Joint trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Vaillancourt ◽  
John D. Haltigan ◽  
Isabel Smith ◽  
Lonnie Zwaigenbaum ◽  
Peter Szatmari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Disorder Symptom ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractThe co-occurring development of internalizing and externalizing problems were examined in an inception cohort of 392 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at age 3 who were assessed on four occasions. Results indicated that internalizing and externalizing problems were stable over time and highly comorbid. Joint trajectory analysis suggested that 13% of the sample followed a dual high-risk trajectory. High risk was not found to be associated with intellectual ability or autism spectrum disorder symptom severity but was linked to lower income and gender: more girls than boys were found in the high/stable internalizing problems trajectory. The results suggest that 1 in 4 preschoolers followed a trajectory of internalizing or externalizing problems (or a combination of the two) that could be characterized as clinically elevated.

scholarly journals Parent Training Interventions for Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrée Jeanne Beaudoin ◽  
Guillaume Sébire ◽  
Mélanie Couture
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parent Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Parent Child

Background. Now that early identification of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is possible, efforts are being made to develop interventions for children under three years of age. Most studies on early intervention have focused on intensive and individual interventions. However, parent training interventions that help parents interact and communicate with their toddlers with ASD might be a good alternative to promote the development of their child’s sociocommunicative skills.Objective. This review aims to systematically examine (1) the use of parent training interventions for children with ASD under three years of age and (2) their effects on children’s development, parents’ well-being and parent-child interactions.Methods. Systematic searches were conducted to retrieve studies in which at least one parent was trained to implement ASD-specific techniques with their toddlers (0–36 months old) with a diagnosis of or suspected ASD.Results. Fifteen studies, involving 484 children (mean age: 23.26 months), were included in this review. Only two of them met criteria for conclusive evidence. Results show that parents were able to implement newly learned strategies and were generally very satisfied with parent training programs. However, findings pertaining to the children’s communication and socioemotional skills, parent-child interactions, and parental well-being were inconclusive.

scholarly journals Parent–child interaction and oxytocin production in pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Feldman ◽  
Ofer Golan ◽  
Yael Hirschler-Guttenberg ◽  
Sharon Ostfeld-Etzion ◽  
Orna Zagoory-Sharon
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Parent Child

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with genetic risk on the oxytocin system, suggesting oxytocin involvement in ASD; yet oxytocin functioning in young children with ASD is unknown.AimsTo assess baseline oxytocin in pre-schoolers with ASD and test whether oxytocin production may be enhanced by parent–child contact.MethodForty pre-schoolers with high-functioning ASD were matched with 40 typically developing controls. Two home visits included an identical 45-minute social battery once with the mother and once with the father. Four saliva oxytocin samples were collected from each parent and the child during each visit.ResultsChildren with ASD had lower baseline oxytocin. Following 20 min of parent–child interactions, oxytocin normalised and remained high during social contact. Fifteen minutes after contact, oxytocin fell to baseline. Oxytocin correlated with parent–child social synchrony in both groups.ConclusionsOxytocin dysfunction in ASD is observed in early childhood. The quick improvement in oxytocin production following parent–child contact underscores the malleability of the system and charts future directions for attachment-based behavioural and pharmacological interventions.

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