scholarly journals Altered spatiotemporal consistency in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with and without psychotic symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijia Gao ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
Qing Jiao ◽  
Linyan Su ◽  
Guangming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spatiotemporal Consistency

Abstract Objective Psychotic symptoms are quite common in patients with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and may affect the symptom severity and prognosis of PBD. However, the potential mechanisms are less well elucidated until now. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the brain functional differences between PBD patients with and without psychotic symptoms. Method A total of 71 individuals including: 27 psychotic PBD (P-PBD), 25 nonpsychotic PBD (NP-PBD), and 19 healthy controls were recruited in the present study. Each subject underwent 3.0 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Four-dimensional (spatiotemporal) Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) was employed to detect the local brain activity changes. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to reveal brain regions with significant differences among three groups groups of individuals, and inter-group comparisons were assessed using post hoc tests. Results The ANOVA obtained significant among-group FOCA differences in the left triangular inferior frontal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, left precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus. Compared with the control group, the P-PBD group showed decreased FOCA in the left supplementary motor area and bilateral superior frontal gyrus and showed increased FOCA in the left triangular inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, the NP-PBD group exhibited decreased FOCA in the right superior occipital gyrus and right postcentral gyrus and showed increased FOCA in the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus. Compared to the NP-PBD group, the P-PBD group showed decreased FOCA in the right superior frontal gyrus. Conclusion The present findings demonstrated that the two groups of PBD patients exhibited segregated brain functional patterns, providing empirical evidence for the biological basis of different clinical outcomes between PBD patients with and without psychotic symptoms.

Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome caused by a disconnection between the right pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and the supplementary motor area

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Martino ◽  
Enrique Marco de Lucas ◽  
Francisco Javier Ibáñez-Plágaro ◽  
José Manuel Valle-Folgueral ◽  
Alfonso Vázquez-Barquero
Keyword(s):  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Orofacial Movement ◽  
Pars Opercularis ◽  
The Right

Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome (FCMS) is a rare type of suprabulbar palsy characterized by an automaticvoluntary dissociation of the orofacial musculature. Here, the authors report an original case of FCMS that occurred intraoperatively while resecting the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus. This 25-year-old right-handed man with an incidentally diagnosed right frontotemporoinsular tumor underwent surgery using an asleep-awake-asleep technique with direct cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation and a transopercular approach to the insula. While resecting the anterior part of the pars opercularis the patient suffered sudden anarthria and bilateral facial weakness. He was unable to speak or show his teeth on command, but he was able to voluntarily move his upper and lower limbs. This syndrome lasted for 8 days. Postoperative diffusion tensor imaging tractography revealed that connections of the pars opercularis of the right inferior frontal gyrus with the frontal aslant tract (FAT) and arcuate fasciculus (AF) were damaged. This case supplies evidence for localizing the structural substrate of FCMS. It was possible, for the first time in the literature, to accurately correlate the occurrence of FCMS to the resection of connections between the FAT and AF, and the right pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus. The FAT has been recently described, but it may be an important connection to mediate supplementary motor area control of orofacial movement. The present case also contributes to our knowledge of complication avoidance in operculoinsular surgery. A transopercular approach to insuloopercular gliomas can generate FCMS, especially in cases of previous contralateral lesions. The prognosis is favorable, but the patient should be informed of this particular hazard, and the surgeon should anticipate the surgical strategy in case the syndrome occurs intraoperatively in an awake patient.

scholarly journals Resting State Functional Connectivity Predicts Future Changes in Sedentary Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Morris ◽  
Aaron Kucyi ◽  
Sheeba Arnold Anteraper ◽  
Maiya Rachel Geddes ◽  
Alfonso Nieto-Castañon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Right

AbstractInformation about a person’s available energy resources is integrated in daily behavioral choices that weigh motor costs against expected rewards. It has been posited that humans have an innate attraction towards effort minimization and that executive control is required to overcome this prepotent disposition. With sedentary behaviors increasing at the cost of millions of dollars spent in health care and productivity losses due to physical inactivity-related deaths, understanding the predictors of sedentary behaviors will improve future intervention development and precision medicine approaches. In 64 healthy older adults participating in a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention, we use neuroimaging (resting state functional connectivity), baseline measures of executive function and accelerometer measures of time spent sedentary to predict future changes in objectively measured time spent sedentary in daily life. Using cross-validation and bootstrap resampling, our results demonstrate that functional connectivity between 1) the anterior cingulate cortex and the supplementary motor area and 2) the right anterior insula and the left temporoparietal/temporooccipital junction, predict changes in time spent sedentary, whereas baseline cognitive, behavioral and demographic measures do not. Previous research has shown activation in and between the anterior cingulate and supplementary motor area as well as in the right anterior insula during effort avoidance and tasks that integrate motor costs and reward benefits in effort-based decision making. Our results add important knowledge toward understanding mechanistic associations underlying complex sedentary behaviors.

Psychotic symptoms in pediatric bipolar disorder and family history of psychiatric illness

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rende ◽  
Boris Birmaher ◽  
David Axelson ◽  
Michael Strober ◽  
Mary Kay Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Brain Structural Signature of Familial Predisposition for Bipolar Disorder: Replicable Evidence For Involvement of the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Hajek ◽  
Jeffrey Cullis ◽  
Tomas Novak ◽  
Miloslav Kopecek ◽  
Ryan Blagdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
Structural Signature ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Language supplementary motor area syndrome correlated with dynamic changes in perioperative task-based functional MRI activations: case report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Quirarte ◽  
Vinodh A. Kumar ◽  
Ho-Ling Liu ◽  
Kyle R. Noll ◽  
Jeffrey S. Wefel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Anterior Aspect ◽  
Sma Syndrome ◽  
The Right

Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is well known; however, the mechanism underlying recovery from language SMA syndrome is unclear. Herein the authors report the case of a right-handed woman with speech aphasia following resection of an oligodendroglioma located in the anterior aspect of the left superior frontal gyrus. The patient exhibited language SMA syndrome, and functional MRI (fMRI) findings 12 days postoperatively demonstrated a complete shift of blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) activation to the contralateral right language SMA/pre-SMA as well as coequal activation and an increased volume of activation in the left Broca’s area and the right Broca’s homolog. The authors provide, to the best of their knowledge, the first description of dynamic changes in task-based hemispheric language BOLD fMRI activations across the preoperative, immediate postoperative, and more distant postoperative settings associated with the development and subsequent complete resolution of the clinical language SMA syndrome.

scholarly journals Shared And Specific Patterns Of Structural And Functional Thalamo-Frontal Disturbances In Manic And Euthymic Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Bing Guo ◽  
Wei-Jia Gao ◽  
Zhi-Liang Long ◽  
Wei-Fang Cao ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Clinical Indices ◽  
Left Thalamus

Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is clinically defined by alternating depressive and manic episodes with a separated period of euthymia. Thalamo-frontal loop plays vital role in psychotic symptoms, altered motor control and executive difficulties in BD. It remains unclear that structural and functional alteration of thalamo-frontal loop among the different mood states in BD, especially in pediatric BD(PBD).Twenty manic PBD(mPBD), 20 euthymic PBD(ePBD) and 19 healthy controls were included in the study. By analyzing the T1 images and fMRI signals, thalamus volume and frontal grey matter cortical thickness were tested, and functional connectivity(FC) between bilateral thalamus and frontal cortex was calculated. Relationship between clinical indices and thalamo-frontal FC was also evaluated in mPBD and ePBD adolescents.Compared to HCs, the cortical thickness of left MFG, bilateral superior frontal gyrus(SFG) was significantly decreased in both mPBD and ePBD patients, and volume of left thalamus and cortical thickness of right middle frontal gyrus(MFG) significantly decreased in mPBD patients. It was shown that thalamo-frontal hyperconnectivity with MFG in mPBD compared to HCs and ePBD subjects, and thalamo-frontal hypoconnectivity with precentral gyrus/SFG in ePBD subjects compared with that of HCs. In ePBD patients, episode times positively correlated with FC values between thalamus and precentral gyrusThe findings of the present study demonstrate detailed knowledge regarding shared and specific structural and functional disruption in thalamo-frontal loop in mPBD and ePBD subjects. Thalamo-frontal abnormalities reported in adult BD subjects were also observed in adolescent BD patients, and thalamo-frontal dysfunction may be a crucial treatment target in BD.

scholarly journals Right inferior frontal gyrus implements motor inhibitory control via beta-band oscillations in humans

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schaum ◽  
Edoardo Pinzuti ◽  
Alexandra Sebastian ◽  
Klaus Lieb ◽  
Pascal Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Band Power ◽  
The Right ◽  
Band Activity

Motor inhibitory control implemented as response inhibition is an essential cognitive function required to dynamically adapt to rapidly changing environments. Despite over a decade of research on the neural mechanisms of response inhibition, it remains unclear, how exactly response inhibition is initiated and implemented. Using a multimodal MEG/fMRI approach in 59 subjects, our results reliably reveal that response inhibition is initiated by the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) as a form of attention-independent top-down control that involves the modulation of beta-band activity. Furthermore, stopping performance was predicted by beta-band power, and beta-band connectivity was directed from rIFG to pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), indicating rIFG’s dominance over pre-SMA. Thus, these results strongly support the hypothesis that rIFG initiates stopping, implemented by beta-band oscillations with potential to open up new ways of spatially localized oscillation-based interventions.

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