Evaluation of canine prostate volume in calculated tomographic images - comparison of two assessment methods

Abstract Background Since most prostatic diseases are associated with the organ’s enlargement, evaluation of prostatic size is a main criterion in the diagnosis of prostatic state of health. While enlargement is a non-uniform process, volumetric measurements are believed to be advantageous to any single dimensional parameter for the diagnosis of prostatomegaly. In a previous study, volume was analysed with a slice addition technique (SAT), which was validated as highly accurate. Irrespective of high accuracy, SAT represents a complex and time-consuming procedure, which limits its clinical use. Thus, demand exists for more practical volume assessment methods. In this study, the prostatic volume of 95 canine patients (58 intact males, 37 neutered males) were analysed retrospectively by using the ellipsoid formula (Formula) and an imaging “wrap” function tool (Wrap) to help assess accuracy and applicability. Accuracy was checked against phantom measurements and results were compared to SAT measurements of the same patient pool obtained from a previously published paper. Patients were grouped according to prostatic structure (H = homogeneous, I = inhomogeneous, C = cystic) and volume using the SAT (volume group = vg: 1, 2 and 3). Results High correlation between the Formula or Wrap volume and the phantom volume was found, the values being higher for the Formula. Mean Formula volumes (vg 1: 2.2 cm3, vg 2: 14.5 cm3, vg 3: 109.4 cm3, respectively) were significantly underestimated, while mean Wrap volumes (vg 1: 3.8 cm3, vg 2: 19.5 cm3, vg 3: 159.2 cm3) were statistically equivalent to SAT measurements (vg 1: 3.1 cm3, vg 2: 18.6 cm3, vg 3: 157.2 cm3, respectively). Differences between Formula and SAT volumes ranged from 22.4–31.1%, while differences between Wrap and SAT volumes were highest in small prostates (vg 1: 22.1%) and fell with increasing prostatic size (vg 3: 1.3%). Conclusion The Wrap function is highly accurate, less time-consuming and complex compared to SAT and could serve as beneficial tool for measuring prostatic volume in clinical routine after further validation in future studies. The Formula method cannot be recommended as an alternative for volumetric measurements of the prostate gland due to its underestimation of volumes compared to SAT results.

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Correlation Between Transabdominal Sonographically Measured Prostate Volume with Anthropometric Factor in Normal Healthy Subjects

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v2i1.12359 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Mahmuda Monowara ◽

Akhter Uddin Ahmed ◽

Abu Saleh Mohiuddin ◽

Mohammad Abu Taher ◽

Zinat Nasrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Prostate Volume ◽

Prostate Gland ◽

P Value ◽

Prostatic Volume ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anthropometric Factor

To investigate the relationship between total prostate volume with anthropometric factor like age, height, weight and BMI. This can be useful in assessing the normality of prostate gland.Method: In 42 normal healthy subjects the length, anteroposterior and transverse diameters of prostate gland were measured & prostate volumes were calculated by using prolate ellipse formula. Age, height, weight of the subjects were recorded and body mass index calculated accordingly.Result: Correlation co-efficient or r test was used to find out the relationship between the variables. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Total prostatic volume correlation coefficient with age, weight and BMI were 0.907, 0.883 and 0.352 (p<0.001) respectively, but no significant correlation (r=0.133; p>0.05) was found between prostatic volume and height.Conclusion: Total prostate volume has a strong significant linear relationship & age, weight & BMI. But height does not correlate significantly with total prostate volume. Thus anthropometric factors like age, weight, BMI can therefore be used to predict prostate volume prior to ultrasound. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i1.12359 Birdem Med J 2012; 2(1) 29-32

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205 Utility of Non-Invasive Volume Assessment Methods to Predict Acute Blood Loss in Spontaneously Breathing Volunteers

Annals of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. S79

Author(s):

A. Tomo ◽

M. Pekdemir ◽

I.U. Ozturan ◽

N.O. Dogan ◽

E. Yaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Assessment Methods ◽

Acute Blood Loss ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Volume Assessment ◽

Spontaneously Breathing

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The risk of development of prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in patients presenting with acromegalia

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl201056530-32 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 30-32

Author(s):

R V Rozhivanov ◽

A A Fabrichnova ◽

A E Lepetukhin ◽

S A Dubskiĭ ◽

D G Kurbatov

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

General Population ◽

Prostate Gland ◽

Age Groups ◽

Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Present Review ◽

Prostatic Diseases

The objective of the present review was to consider the available data on the risk of development of prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in patients presenting with acromegalia. It is shown that the incidence of prostatic diseases in acromegalic patients is significantly higher than in the general population. Prostatic hyperplasia occurs in patients of all age groups presenting with acromegalia while its treatment reduces the volume of the prostate gland. The reviewed publications do not report cases of prostate cancer.

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Pharmacogenetic analysis of human steroid 5α reductase type II: comparison of finasteride and dutasteride

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/jme.1.01725 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 617-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nick Makridakis ◽

Juergen K V Reichardt

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Prostate Gland ◽

Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Type Ii ◽

Reductase Inhibitors ◽

Dependent Inhibition ◽

Prostatic Diseases

Human steroid 5α-reductase type II is a prostate-specific, membrane-associated enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the most potent androgen in the prostate gland. Genetic variants of this enzyme have been associated with both the development and the progression of prostate cancer. Both finasteride and dutasteride are competitive inhibitors of the type II steroid 5α-reductase that have been effectively used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride has also been successfully utilized for prostate cancer chemoprevention. We here investigate 5α-reductase inhibition assays in vitro to measure the effect of incubation time on the apparent inhibition constant (Ki) for both constitutional and somatic (prostate cancer) enzyme variants. Our systematic pharmacogenetic analysis shows that both finasteride and dutasteride are slow, time-dependent inhibitors of steroid 5α-reductase type II, and that the inhibition kinetics depend on the 5α-reductase genotype. We also show that, overall, dutasteride is a more efficient steroid 5α-reductase inhibitor than finasteride. Based on our data, we are able to map areas of the enzyme that are responsible for this time-dependent inhibition for either (or both) enzyme inhibitor(s). This comprehensive pharmacogenetic analysis of steroid 5α-reductase variants unveiled significant pharmacogenetic variation for both finasteride and dutasteride and thus should be taken into account when designing protocols for treatment and/or chemoprevention of prostatic diseases with either one of these 5α-reductase inhibitors since there is considerable pharmacogenetic variation for both drugs.

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Use of noninvasive volume assessment methods to predict acute blood loss in spontaneously breathing volunteers

Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine ◽

10.15441/ceem.20.021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Asim Tomo ◽

Murat Pekdemir ◽

Ibrahim Ulas Ozturan ◽

Nurettin Ozgur Dogan ◽

Elif Yaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Assessment Methods ◽

Acute Blood Loss ◽

Volume Assessment ◽

Spontaneously Breathing

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The Demonstration of Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (Pap) With Phosphorylcholine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100090427 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 88-89

Author(s):

José A. Serrano ◽

Hannah L. Wasserkrug ◽

Anna A. Serrano ◽

Arnold M. Seligman

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Prostate Gland ◽

Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽

Human Prostate ◽

Rat Tissues ◽

Specific Substrate ◽

Acid Phosphatases ◽

Lysosomal Acid ◽

Cacodylate Buffer

As previously reported (1, 2) phosphorylcholine (PC) is a specific substrate for prostatatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as opposed to other acid phosphatases, e.g., lysosomal acid phosphatase. The specificity of PC for PAP is due to the pentavalent nitrogen in PC, a feature that renders PC resistant to hydrolysis by all other acid phosphatases. Detailed comparative cytochemical results in rat tissues are in press. This report deals with ultracytochemical results applying the method to normal and pathological human prostate gland.Fresh human prostate was obtained from 7 patients having transurethral resections or radical prostatectomies. The tissue was fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde- 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) for 15 min, sectioned at 50 μm on a Sorvall TC-2 tissue sectioner, refixed for a total of 2 hr, and rinsed overnight in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4)-7.5% sucrose.

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