Total Perineal Prostatectomy: A Retrospective Study in Six Dogs

Perineal hernia refers to the herniation of pelvic and abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous perineal region through a pelvic diaphragm weakness: a concomitant prostatic disease is observed in 25–59% of cases. Prostatectomy involves the removal of the prostate, either partially (partial prostatectomy) or completely (total prostatectomy). In case of complicated perineal hernia, staged procedures are recommended: celiotomy in order to perform colopexy, vasopexy, cystopexy, and/or to treat the prostatic disease, and perineal access in order to repair the perineal hernia. Very few reports relate prostatectomy using a perineal approach and, to the extent of the author’s knowledge, this technique has not been thoroughly investigated in the literature. The aim of this article is to retrospectively describe the total perineal prostatectomy in dogs presenting perineal hernia with concomitant prostatic diseases which required the removal of the gland. The experience in six dogs (three dogs with the prostate within hernial contents and three dogs with intrapelvic prostate) is reported as well as advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of the surgical procedure. In the authors’ clinical practice, total perineal prostatectomy has been a useful surgical approach to canine prostatic diseases, proven to be safe, well tolerated, and effective.

Prevalence and Determinants of Psychiatric Morbidities in Nigerian Men with LUTS Due to Prostatic Diseases

Aims: This study aimed at determining the prevalence and significant factors associated with psychiatric morbidity in men with LUTS secondary to prostatic diseases in a tertiary health centre in a developing country. Study design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. Place and duration: The urology unit of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study period was from 1stJanuary2018 to 31stDecember2019. Methodology: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess for psychiatric morbidity among 224 patients with LUTS. While, International prostate symptom score (IPSS) was used to assess the severity of LUTS. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 17% and 9.8% respectively. The mean IPSS and PSA scores of the respondents were 19.95±8.06 and 31.48±37.03 respectively. The only factors found to be significantly associated with depression were use of alcohol by the respondents (T-test = .058, P = .01, CI = -2.885 ˗˗ -0.391) and high scores on IPSS (T-test = .765, P value = .003, CI = 1.436 ˗˗ 6.995). While the factors found to be associated with anxiety disorders were alcohol use by the respondents (T-test =2.661, P = .033, CI = -2.519 ˗˗ -0.103) and high PSA scores (T-test =9.473, P value = .036, CI = -28.942 ˗˗ -1.068). Conclusion: This study shows that there is a high rate of psychiatric morbidity among patients with LUTS. Main factors associated with these morbidities were alcohol use, severity of the LUTS and high PSA scores. Assessment of psychiatric morbidity in patients with LUTS using simple psychological instruments will help in early detection and prompt treatment of psychological morbidities.

Discovery proteomics defines androgen-regulated glycoprotein networks in prostate cancer cells, as well as putative biomarkers of prostatic diseases

Supraphysiologic androgen (SPA) inhibits cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PCa) cells by transcriptional repression of DNA replication and cell-cycle genes. In this study, quantitative glycoprotein profiling identified androgen-regulated glycoprotein networks associated with SPA-mediated inhibition of PCa cell proliferation, and androgen-regulated glycoproteins in clinical prostate tissues. SPA-regulated glycoprotein networks were enriched for translation factors and ribosomal proteins, proteins that are known to be O-GlcNAcylated in response to various cellular stresses. Thus, androgen-regulated glycoproteins are likely to be targeted for O-GlcNAcylation. Comparative analysis of glycosylated proteins in PCa cells and clinical prostate tissue identified androgen-regulated glycoproteins that are differentially expressed prostate tissues at various stages of cancer. Notably, the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 was found to be an androgen-regulated glycoprotein in PCa cells, with higher expression in cancerous versus non-cancerous prostate tissue. Our glycoproteomics study provides an experimental framework for characterizing androgen-regulated proteins and glycoprotein networks, toward better understanding how this subproteome leads to physiologic and supraphysiologic proliferation responses in PCa cells, and their potential use as druggable biomarkers of dysregulated AR-dependent signaling in PCa cells.

The Impact of SOD3 on Prostatic Diseases: Elevated SOD3 Serves as a Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis

BACKGROUND: Prostate is the most common gland for the three major diseases in male, such as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). However, there is lack of ideal biomarker for diagnosis with prostatic diseases, especially CNP. METHODS AND RESULTS: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) levels in serum or expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) with CNP, and in the prostate tissues of rat CNP modules, BPH, and PCa was quantified, which showed that SOD3 was significantly increased in CNP and BPH, but decreased in PCa compared to controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis suggested that SOD3 was an efficient diagnosis biomarker discriminating CNP versus normal controls (accuracy= 0.831, 95%CI: 0.726-0.937, P＜0.001), CNP III versus CNP IV (accuracy=0.868, 95%CI: 0.716-0.940, P＜0.001). SOD3 were associated with the clinical characteristics of patients with CNP including pelvic pain, blood pressure, and lecithin/leukocyte in EPS. Multiple bioinformatic analysis showed that SOD3 mainly participated in superoxide radicals degradation, apoptotic execution phase, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, etc. Furthermore, the structural features of SOD3 and the interacting proteins were evaluated by molecular docking, and hotspot analysis indicated that better affinities between SOD3 and its interacting molecules were associated with the presence of Arginine (Arg) in the binding site. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, it can be concluded that SOD3 plays an important role in prostatic diseases, and it may potentially serve as an ideal diagnostic biomarker for CNP.

Avoidance of urinary drainage during perioperative period of open elective colonic resection within enhanced recovery after surgery programme

Background Urinary catheterization (UC) is a conventional perioperative measure for major abdominal operation. Optimization of perioperative catheter management is an essential component of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of urinary retention (UR) after open colonic resection within the ERAS protocol and to assess the feasibility of avoiding urinary drainage during the perioperative period. Methods A total of 110 colonic-cancer patients undergoing open elective colonic resection between July 2014 and May 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated within our ERAS protocol during the perioperative period. Data on patients’ demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, and perioperative outcomes were collected and analysed retrospectively. Results Sixty-eight patients (61.8%) underwent surgery without any perioperative UC. Thirty patients (27.3%) received indwelling UC during the surgical procedure. Twelve (10.9%) cases developed UR after surgery necessitating UC. Although patients with intraoperative UC had a lower incidence of post-operative UR [0% (0/30) vs 15% (12/80), P = 0.034], intraoperative UC was not testified as an independent protective factor in multivariate logistic analysis. The history of prostatic diseases and the body mass index were strongly associated with post-operative UR. Six patients were diagnosed with post-operative urinary-tract infection, among whom two had intraoperative UC and four were complicated with post-operative UR requiring UC. Conclusion Avoidance of urinary drainage for open elective colonic resection is feasible with the implementation of the ERAS programme as the required precondition. Obesity and a history of prostatic diseases are significant predictors of post-operative UR.

Oxidative Stress Links Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases and Prostatic Diseases

The incidence of chronic aging-associated diseases, especially cardiovascular and prostatic diseases, is increasing with the aging of society. Evidence indicates that cardiovascular diseases usually coexist with prostatic diseases or increase its risk, while the pathological mechanisms of these diseases are unknown. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and prostatic diseases. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers are higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and these also contribute to the development of prostatic diseases, suggesting cardiovascular diseases may increase the risk of prostatic diseases via oxidative stress. This review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular and prostatic diseases and also focuses on the main shared pathways underlying these diseases, in order to provide potential prevention and treatment targets.

Prostatic Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Protective Effect or Risk Factor?

The relationship between prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) and prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear and controversial. Some authors reported that a history of chronic prostatitis may be correlated with PCa induction, while others associate chronic inflammation with less aggressive disease or consider inflammation as a possible protective factor against PCa. Four different types of prostatitis are known: bacterial acute prostatic inflammation, bacterial chronic prostatic inflammation, abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and asymptomatic prostatic chronic inflammation. Prostatic inflammation is underestimated during daily clinical practice, and its presence and degree often go unmentioned in the pathology report of prostate biopsies. The goal of this report is to further our understanding of how PCI influences the biology of PCa. We investigated the main pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for prostatic inflammation, including the cellular response and inflammatory mediators to describe how inflammation modifies the prostatic environment and can lead to benign or malignant prostatic diseases. We found that prostatic inflammation might have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of prostatic diseases. Details about PCI in all prostate biopsy reports should be mandatory. This will help us better understand the prostatic microenvironment pathways involved in PCa biology, and it will allow the development of specific risk stratification and a patient-tailored therapeutic approach to prostatic diseases.

The Etiology and Pathophysiology Genesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer: A New Perspective

Background: The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are unknown, with ageing being the greatness risk factor. Methods: This new perspective evaluates the available interdisciplinary evidence regarding prostate ageing in terms of the cell biology of regulation and homeostasis, which could explain the timeline of evolutionary cancer biology as degenerative, inflammatory and neoplasm progressions in these multifactorial and heterogeneous prostatic diseases. Results: This prostate ageing degeneration hypothesis encompasses the testosterone-vascular-inflamm-ageing triad, along with the cell biology regulation of amyloidosis and autophagy within an evolutionary tumorigenesis microenvironment. Conclusions: An understanding of these biological processes of prostate ageing can provide potential strategies for early prevention and could contribute to maintaining quality of life for the ageing individual along with substantial medical cost savings.

OBSERVATION OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVEL ON ENLARGED PROSTATE IN RIMS RANCHI.

Aim and objective- To differentiate between physiological and pathological elevation of of PSA, importance of PSA level in various prostatic diseases, and monitoring the efcacy of therapy. Patient And Method- study conducted in department of surgery, Rajendra institute of medical sciences, Ranchi. Study in 60 patients in OPD and in ward patient. Result And Conclusion- There is physiological increase in serum PSA Level with increase in age in absence of any prostatic disease and symptom. Increase in PSA level in carcinoma prostate, monitoring of response of treatment and disease recurrence