scholarly journals Three-dimensional motion of the patella in French bulldogs with and without medial patellar luxation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia V. Lehmann ◽  
Emanuel Andrada ◽  
Roxana Taszus ◽  
Daniel Koch ◽  
Martin S. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Patellar Kinematics ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Patellar Subluxation ◽  
Narrow Pelvis ◽  
Rectus Femoris Muscle ◽  
Femoris Muscle

Abstract Background French bulldogs exhibit significantly larger femoral external rotation and abduction than other breeds. We were curious as to whether this peculiar leg kinematic affects patellar motion and/or might induce medial patellar subluxation (MPSL) or medial patellar permanent luxation (MPPL). We hypothesized that the more abducted leg posture during stance causes an unusual medial pull direction of the rectus femoris muscle during stance, and that this may facilitate the occurrence of MPSL or even MPPL during locomotion. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed existing stifle-joint X-ray-sequences collected during the treadmill walk and trot of seven adult female French bulldogs. We estimated 3D-patellar kinematics using Scientific Rotoscoping. Results The three-dimensional motion of the patella comprises rotations and translations. From the seven dogs analyzed, three exhibited MPSL and one MPPL during the gait cycle. Medial patellar luxation (MPL) occurred mostly around toe-off in both gaits studied. Patellar position was generally not gait-related at the analyzed timepoints. In dogs with MPL, the patella was placed significantly more distally (p = 0.037) at touch-down (TD) and at midswing (p = 0.024), and significantly more medial at midswing (p = 0.045) compared to dogs without MPL. Conclusions Medial patellar luxation seems to be the consequence of the far from parasagittal position of the stifle joint during stance due to a broad trunk, and a wide pelvis. This peculiar leg orientation leads to a medial sideway pull caused by the rectus femoris muscle and the quadriceps femoris and may initiate plastic deformation of the growing femur and tibia. Thus, a way to avoid MPL could be to control breeding by selecting dogs with lean bodies and narrow pelvis. Actual breeding control programs based on the orthopedic examination are susceptible to errors. Systematic errors arise from the fact that the grading system is highly dependent on the dog’s condition and the veterinarians’ ability to perform the palpation on the stifle. Based on our results, the position of the patella at TD, or even perhaps during stand might offer a possibility of an objective radioscopic diagnostic of the MPL.

scholarly journals Electromyographic Analysis of Traditional and Nontraditional Abdominal Exercises: Implications for Rehabilitation and Training

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael F Escamilla ◽  
Eric Babb ◽  
Ryan DeWitt ◽  
Patrick Jew ◽  
Peter Kelleher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Rectus Femoris Muscle ◽  
Femoris Muscle ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract Background and Purpose. Performing nontraditional abdominal exercises with devices such as abdominal straps, the Power Wheel, and the Ab Revolutionizer has been suggested as a way to activate abdominal and extraneous (nonabdominal) musculature as effectively as more traditional abdominal exercises, such as the crunch and bent-knee sit-up. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of traditional and nontraditional abdominal exercises in activating abdominal and extraneous musculature. Subjects. Twenty-one men and women who were healthy and between 23 and 43 years of age were recruited for this study. Methods. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess muscle activity from the upper and lower rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique, rectus femoris, latissimus dorsi, and lumbar paraspinal muscles while each exercise was performed. The EMG data were normalized to maximum voluntary muscle contractions. Differences in muscle activity were assessed by a 1-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results. Upper and lower rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and latissimus dorsi muscle EMG activity were highest for the Power Wheel (pike, knee-up, and roll-out), hanging knee-up with straps, and reverse crunch inclined 30 degrees. External oblique muscle EMG activity was highest for the Power Wheel (pike, knee-up, and roll-out) and hanging knee-up with straps. Rectus femoris muscle EMG activity was highest for the Power Wheel (pike and knee-up), reverse crunch inclined 30 degrees, and bent-knee sit-up. Lumbar paraspinal muscle EMG activity was low and similar among exercises. Discussion and Conclusion. The Power Wheel (pike, knee-up, and roll-out), hanging knee-up with straps, and reverse crunch inclined 30 degrees not only were the most effective exercises in activating abdominal musculature but also were the most effective in activating extraneous musculature. The relatively high rectus femoris muscle activity obtained with the Power Wheel (pike and knee-up), reverse crunch inclined 30 degrees, and bent-knee sit-up may be problematic for some people with low back problems.

Ultrasonographic Morphologic Changes of the Central Aponeurosis of the Rectus Femoris Muscle in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Kyoji Okada ◽  
Akira Saito ◽  
Isao Saito ◽  
Kazuo Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Rectus Femoris Muscle ◽  
Femoris Muscle ◽  
Morphologic Changes

scholarly journals Reliability Limits Of The Modified Thomas Test For Assessing Rectus Femoris Muscle Flexibility About The Knee Joint

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Peeler ◽  
Judy E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Method Error ◽  
Statistical Reliability ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Rectus Femoris Muscle ◽  
Femoris Muscle

Abstract Context: The modified Thomas test is commonly used in the clinical setting to assess flexibility about the thigh region. Objective: To evaluate the clinical reliability of the modified Thomas test for evaluating the flexibility of the rectus femoris muscle about the knee joint. Design: Descriptive laboratory study using a test-retest design. Setting: Institution-based clinical orthopaedic setting. Patients Or Other Participants: Fifty-seven individuals between the ages of 18 and 45 years with no history of trauma participated. Of those, 54 completed the study. Intervention(s): Three Board-certified athletic therapists with an average of 12.67 years of sport medicine expertise assessed rectus femoris flexibility using pass/fail and goniometer scoring systems. A retest session was completed 7 to 10 days later. Main Outcome Measure(s): Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to compare participants' test-retest results. Results: Chance-corrected κ values (intrarater x¯  =  0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  0.30, 0.54; interrater x¯  =  0.33, 95% CI  =  0.23, 0.41) indicated generally poor levels of reliability for pass/fail scoring. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values (intrarater x¯  =  0.67, 95% CI  =  0.55, 0.76; interrater x¯  =  0.50, 95% CI  =  0.40, 0.60) indicated fair to moderate levels of reliability for goniometer data. Measurement error values (standard error of measurement  =  7°, method error  =  6°, and coefficient of variation  =  13%) and Bland-Altman plots (with 95% limits of agreement) further demonstrated the degree of intrarater variance for each examiner when conducting the test. Conclusions: These results call into question the statistical reliability of the modified Thomas test and provide clinicians with important information regarding its reliability limits when used to clinically assess flexibility of the rectus femoris muscle about the knee joint in a physically active population. More research is needed to ascertain the variables that may confound the statistical reliability of this orthopaedic technique.

Distribution of Injected Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Plasma and Muscle of the Rat

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Fluorimetric Method ◽  
Rectus Femoris Muscle ◽  
Femoris Muscle

The Weil-Malherbe and Bone fluorimetric method of determining adrenaline and noradrenaline was adapted for measuring these hormones in small samples of blood plasma and muscle in the rat. The endogenous levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline, respectively, for rat plasma are 6.7 ± 0.08 and 17.7 ± 0.06 µg/l.; for the rectus femoris muscle 0.020 ± 0.002 and 0.149 ± 0.011 µg/gm tissue. Ten micrograms l-adrenaline and 20 µg d,l-noradrenaline/100 gm body weight were injected intraperitoneally, and plasma and muscle samples analyzed for these hormones at timed intervals thereafter. The injection of adrenaline effects a prompt increase in both plasma and muscle noradrenaline; a significant increase in adrenaline level was found 6 minutes after injection in the plasma, and at 60 minutes in the muscle tissue. A return to initial levels occurred at approximately 10 minutes and 90 minutes, respectively. The injection of noradrenaline resulted in an immediate increase in the plasma and muscle levels of this hormone; coincidently the adrenaline levels remained relatively unchanged.

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