scholarly journals Ownership and utilization of bed nets and reasons for use or non-use of bed nets among community members at risk of malaria along the Thai-Myanmar border

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasama Pooseesod ◽  
Daniel M. Parker ◽  
Natthani Meemon ◽  
Saranath Lawpoolsri ◽  
Pratap Singhasivanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Heat Perception

Abstract Background With the goal for malaria elimination in Thailand set for 2024, increased coverage and utilization of bed net, especially insecticide-treated net (ITN) or long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) is a key strategy. This study aims to provide the necessary information about bed net ownership and utilization among the population at risk of malaria living along the Thai-Myanmar border in Tak province. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a mixed-method approach in 331 households from 5 hamlets in the villages of the Thai-Myanmar border. The research tools included a questionnaire, bed net inspection, and semi-structured interviews. Logistic regression was used to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with bed net utilization. The qualitative analysis employed a thematic analysis approach. Results This survey found that 98.5% of households had at least one bed net per household, and 74.3% had at least one ITN/LLIN. However, only 30.8% of households reached the standard policy set by the Minister of Public Health of one ITN/LLINs per two persons. Most residents used bed net (92.1% used in the previous night and 80.9% used every day). For those using bed nets, however, 61.9% used ITNs or LLINs the night before and 53.1% used them every day. Nonetheless, the usage rates of bed nets (any type) in the previous night among children and pregnant women were high, reaching 95.3% and 90.0%, respectively. Seven explanatory variables showed statistically significant associations with bed net use every day, including: “not staying overnight in the forest or the field”, “sleeping pattern based on gender”, “sufficient numbers of bed nets to cover all sleeping spaces”, “preference for free bed nets”, “age”, “gender”, and “SES score” showed statistically significant association with bed net use every day. The major reasons for the regular use of bed nets in both household and the forest were to prevent mosquito biting. The reasons for not using bednets in the household were discomfort feelings from heat, perception of unnecessity due to low mosquito density, whereas the reason for not using bed nets in the forest was inconvenience. Conclusion Despite that overall coverage and usage of bed nets was high, only one third reached the standard level specified by the policy. Overnight in the forest, the dissatisfaction with the quality of free bed nets, insufficient number of bed nets, sleeping alone, male gender, age more than 10 years, low socioeconomic status, discomfort from heat, perception of no benefits of bed nets due to low mosquito density, and inconvenience were factors influencing bed net use. Maintaining high coverage and utility rate of bed nets should be a priority for the malaria high-risk population.

scholarly journals Ownership, utilization, and motivations for use or non-use of bed nets among community members at risk of malaria along the Thai-Myanmar border

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasama Pooseesod ◽  
Daniel M. Parker ◽  
Natthani Meemon ◽  
Saranath Lawpoolsri ◽  
Pratap Singhasivanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Heat Perception

Abstract Background With the goal for malaria elimination in Thailand set for 2024, increased coverage and utilization of bed net, especially insecticide-treated net (ITN) or long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) is a key strategy. This study aims to provide the necessary information about bed net ownership and utilization among the population at risk of malaria living along the Thai-Myanmar border in Tak province. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a mixed-method approach in 331 households from 5 hamlets in the villages of the Thai-Myanmar border. The research tools included a questionnaire, bed net inspection, and semi-structured interviews. Log-binomial regression was used to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with bed net utilization. The qualitative analysis employed a thematic analysis approach. Results This survey found that 98.5% of households had at least one bed net per household, and 74.3% had at least one ITN/LLIN. However, only 30.8% of households reached the standard policy set by the Minister of Public Health of one ITN/LLINs per two persons. Most residents used bed net (92.1% used in the previous night and 80.9% used every day). For those using bed nets, however, 61.9% used ITNs or LLINs the night before and 53.1% used them every day. Nonetheless, the usage rates of bed nets (any type) in the previous night among children and pregnant women were high, reaching 95.3% and 90.0%, respectively. Three explanatory variables including “not stay overnight in the forest”, “preference of free bed nets”, and “sufficient numbers of bed nets to cover all sleeping spaces”, showed statistically significant association with bed net use every day. The major reasons for the regular use of bed nets in both household and the forest were to prevent mosquito biting. The reasons for not using bednets in the household were discomfort feelings from heat, perception of unnecessity due to low mosquito density, whereas the reason for not using bednets in the forest was inconvenience. Conclusion Despite that overall coverage and usage of bed nets was high, only one third reached the standard level specified by the policy. Overnight in the forest, the dissatisfaction with the quality of free bed nets, insufficient number of bed nets, discomfort from heat, perception of no benefits of bed nets due to low mosquito density, and inconvenience were factors influencing bed net use. Maintaining high coverage and utility rate of bed nets should be a priority for the malaria high-risk population.

scholarly journals Analysis of Immunity to Febrile Malaria in Children That Distinguishes Immunity from Lack of Exposure

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1917-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bejon ◽  
George Warimwe ◽  
Claire L. Mackintosh ◽  
Margaret J. Mackinnon ◽  
Sam M. Kinyanjui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Malaria Episodes

ABSTRACT In studies of immunity to malaria, the absence of febrile malaria is commonly considered evidence of “protection.” However, apparent “protection” may be due to a lack of exposure to infective mosquito bites or due to immunity. We studied a cohort that was given curative antimalarials before monitoring began and documented newly acquired asymptomatic parasitemia and febrile malaria episodes during 3 months of surveillance. With increasing age, there was a shift away from febrile malaria to acquiring asymptomatic parasitemia, with no change in the overall incidence of infection. Antibodies to the infected red cell surface were associated with acquiring asymptomatic infection rather than febrile malaria or remaining uninfected. Bed net use was associated with remaining uninfected rather than acquiring asymptomatic infection or febrile malaria. These observations suggest that most uninfected children were unexposed rather than “immune.” Had they been immune, we would have expected the proportion of uninfected children to rise with age and that the uninfected children would have been distinguished from children with febrile malaria by the protective antibody response. We show that removing the less exposed children from conventional analyses clarifies the effects of immunity, transmission intensity, bed nets, and age. Observational studies and vaccine trials will have increased power if they differentiate between unexposed and immune children.

scholarly journals Use of Bed Nets and Factors That Influence Bed Net Use among Jinuo Ethnic Minority in Southern China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e103780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-wei Xu ◽  
Yuan-mei Liao ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ren-hua Nie ◽  
Joshua Havumaki
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Net Use

scholarly journals Effect of bed net colour and shape preferences on bed net usage: a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie Mategula ◽  
Latif Ndeketa ◽  
Judy Gichuki ◽  
Boston Zimba ◽  
Wilson Ching’ani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Malaria Indicator Survey

Abstract Background Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric population in Malawi. Insecticide-treated bed nets are a key vector malaria control intervention, however, advancement towards universal access is progressing slowly. Malawi Malaria indicator surveys (MMIS) show diverse user preferences of bed net shape and colour. The objective of this work was to understand if bed net shape and colour preferences affect usage. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from households that participated in the 2016–2017 MMIS. The main outcome variable was net usage defined, at net level, whether someone slept under a particular net on the night before the survey. The main exposure variables were preference attributes, whether a particular net is of a preferred colour or shape as defined by the household respondent. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to determine the association between the exposure and outcome variables. Results A total of 3729 households with 16,755 individuals were included in this analysis. There were a total 7710 bed nets in households that participated in the survey of which 5435 (70.5%) of these nets had someone sleep under them the previous night before the survey. Bed nets that are of a preferred shape have 3.55 times higher odds of being used than those not preferred [AOR 3.55 (95% CI 2.98, 4.23; p value < 0.001)]. Bed nets that are of a preferred colour have 1.61 times higher odds of being used than those that are not of a preferred colour [AOR 1.61 (95% CI 1.41, 1.84; p value < 0.001]. Conclusions The results indicate that if a bed net is of a preferred colour or shape, it is more likely to be used. Bed net purchase by malaria stakeholders need to balance more factors on top of preferences such as price and efficacy.

scholarly journals Household Predictors of Malaria Episode in Northern Uganda: Its Implication for Future Malaria Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Echodu ◽  
William Sam Oyet ◽  
Tereza Iwiru ◽  
Felister Apili ◽  
Julius Julian Lutwama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Malaria Episodes

Abstract Background: Uses of indoor residual spraying (IRS), long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINS) and treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) are greatly promoted in northern part of Uganda as mitigating strategies for malaria episodes. Unfortunately, the region still records the highest malaria prevalence of 63%. This study assesses household predicators of malaria in the region and their impact on malaria episodes at the household levels.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of Gulu, Oyam, Kitgum and Agago covering sixteen villages in northern Uganda. In total, 193 households were surveyed. Data was collected through pre-tested structured questionnaire and systematically coded for analysis using R software.Results:Women headed 58% of the 193 households surveyed. Six hundred and five (605) individuals were declared to have spent the previous night in these households. On average, there were two bed nets per household and 502 (86%) spent the night prior to interview under a bed net. Overall, malaria episodes were strongly related to lack of bed nets or lack of use thereof, and directly linked to the number of individuals in a household. Children were prone to malaria more than adults by a ratio of 2:1. When given a choice between insecticides (IRS) and treated bed nets, 1 in 3 households preferred treated bed nets. At the same time, data suggests that bed nets were perceived unnecessary once IRS was applied. If true, the driving force to spraying insecticides indoor then becomes lack of a bed net. Conclusions:Household predicators of incidence of malaria in northern Uganda includes bed nets, use of treated bed nets, and indoor residual spraying with households not practicing any of these bearing the heaviest burden of malaria. Hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) clusters households into four types in northern Uganda, 1) household that use bed nets and sleep in houses sprayed with insecticides; 2) households that use bed nets but no indoor residual spraying with insecticides; 3) households that have no bed nets and no indoor residual spraying; and 4) test bed nets before use. Malaria incidence was higher in children as compared to the adults.

scholarly journals Anopheline and human drivers of malaria risk in northern coastal, Ecuador: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Martin ◽  
Allison L. Hendershot ◽  
Iván Alejandro Saá Portilla ◽  
Daniel J. English ◽  
Madeline Woodruff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

Abstract Background Understanding local anopheline vector species and their bionomic traits, as well as related human factors, can help combat gaps in protection. Methods In San José de Chamanga, Esmeraldas, at the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, anopheline mosquitoes were sampled by both human landing collections (HLCs) and indoor-resting aspirations (IAs) and identified using both morphological and molecular methods. Human behaviour observations (HBOs) (including temporal location and bed net use) were documented during HLCs as well as through community surveys to determine exposure to mosquito bites. A cross-sectional evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections was conducted alongside a malaria questionnaire. Results Among 222 anopheline specimens captured, based on molecular analysis, 218 were Nyssorhynchus albimanus, 3 Anopheles calderoni (n = 3), and one remains unidentified. Anopheline mean human-biting rate (HBR) outdoors was (13.69), and indoors (3.38) (p = 0.006). No anophelines were documented resting on walls during IAs. HBO-adjusted human landing rates suggested that the highest risk of being bitten was outdoors between 18.00 and 20.00 h. Human behaviour-adjusted biting rates suggest that overall, long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) only protected against 13.2% of exposure to bites, with 86.8% of exposure during the night spent outside of bed net protection. The malaria survey found 2/398 individuals positive for asymptomatic P. falciparum infections. The questionnaire reported high (73.4%) bed net use, with low knowledge of malaria. Conclusion The exophagic feeding of anopheline vectors in San Jose de Chamanga, when analysed in conjunction with human behaviour, indicates a clear gap in protection even with high LLIN coverage. The lack of indoor-resting anophelines suggests that indoor residual spraying (IRS) may have limited effect. The presence of asymptomatic infections implies the presence of a human reservoir that may maintain transmission.

scholarly journals Ownership and disuse of bed nets in Kenyan children under five years of age

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacey Ernst ◽  
Mona Arora ◽  
Stephen Munga
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Llin Use

Recent campaigns to increase the percentage of households owning a bed net have been very successful yet there remains a subset of the population who do not sleep under bed nets. We used data from the 2008 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) to compare children under the age of five years of age who slept under any bed net to children sleeping without a bed net who resided in households with: i) no bed net; ii) all bed nets used (intra-household access); and iii) at least one unused bed net. Ownership, intra-household access, and non-use of available bed nets were all associated with the child&rsquo;s age and the mother&rsquo;s relationship to the head of the household. Intra-household access was strongly associated with provincial residence, where the child was born and frequency of reading newspapers. Furthermore, disuse of available nets for children was associated with marital status, bed net use of the head of the household, and residing in rural communities at higher elevations. Improving bed net/long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLIN) use in Kenya requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses the complexity of the behavioral, social and economic drivers of non-use.

scholarly journals Long Lasting Insecticide-treated Bed Net Ownership, Utilization and Associated Factors Among School-age Children in Dara Mallo and Uba Debretsehay Districts, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerihun Zerdo ◽  
Hilde Bastiaens ◽  
Sibyl Anthierens ◽  
Fekadu Massebo ◽  
Matios Masine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Previous Night

Abstract Background Malaria is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among school-aged children (SAC) in Sub-Saharan Africa. SAC account for more than 60% of the reservoir of malaria transmission, but they were given less emphasis on prioritizing malaria prevention interventions. This study was aimed at assessing the ownership of bed nets, its utilization and factors associated with ownership of bed nets by households and bed net utilization among SAC in malaria prone areas of Dara Mallo and Uba Debretsehay districts in Southern Ethiopia, October to December 2019. Methods This study is part of baseline assessment in a cluster randomized controlled trial. The data were collected through interview and observation following structured questionnaire from 2261 SAC households. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the association between bed net ownership or utilization and potential predictor variables. Odds Ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were used to determine the strength and statistical significance of association. Results The ownership of at least one bed net by households of SAC was about 19.3% (95% CI: 17.7%-21.0%). It was affected by living in altitude ranged from 1100 to 1250 meters above sea level with Adjusted OR (AOR) of 0.5 (95%CI: 0.3–0.9) and presence of child age less than 5 years (AOR = 2.1; 95%CI: 1.2–3.7). About 7.8% (95% CI: 6.7%-10.0%) of all SAC participated in the study and 40.4% (95% CI: 57.4% − 66.7%) of children in households owning at bed net passed the previous night under bed net. Bed net utilization by SAC conditional to its presence was lower among children age > 9 years (AOR = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.03–0.8); higher in children with mothers who had an education level above grade six (AOR = 5.2; 95%CI: 1.8–17.0); and when the household size to bed net ratio was ≤ 2 (AOR = 37.8; 95%CI: 4.1–1106). Conclusion Ownership of bed net was lower than universal coverage of at least one bed net for two individuals. It is important to monitor replacement needs and educate mothers with low education level and their SAC on the benefit of consistent utilization of bed nets.

scholarly journals Insecticide-treated bed net access and use among preschool children in Nouna District, Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Ali Sié ◽  
Mamadou Bountogo ◽  
Mamadou Ouattara ◽  
Pascal Zabre ◽  
Cheik Bagagnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Bed Net Access

Abstract Background We evaluated universal insecticide-treated bed net access and use in children &lt;5 y of age in a rural area of Burkina Faso. Methods A door-to-door enumerative census was conducted in Nouna District, Burkina Faso in December 2018 through April 2019. The most recent mass bed net distribution campaign occurred in June 2016. Heads of households were interviewed about household bed net ownership and use by children &lt;5 y of age. We evaluated the relationship between demographic and socio-economic factors and household universal bed net access and use by children. Results In 23 610 households with at least one child &lt;5 y of age, 71 329 bed nets were reported (94.5% insecticide-treated). One-third (35.2%) of households had universal access and two-thirds (67.0%) of children slept under an insecticide-treated net the previous night. Children in households with universal access more often slept under a net the previous night (adjusted odds ratio 4.81 [95% confidence interval 4.39–5.26]). Conclusions Bed net coverage was substantially less than the 80% World Health Organization target for universal coverage in Nouna District. Insecticide-treated nets were used preferentially for children, but important gaps remain in consistent bed net use in this population. Structural and behavioural interventions are needed to close these gaps.

scholarly journals Mosquito Net Ownership, Utilization, and Preferences among Mobile and Migrant Populations Sleeping in Forests and Farms in Central Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Canavati ◽  
Gerard C. Kelly ◽  
Thuan Huu Vo ◽  
Long Khanh Tran ◽  
Thang Duc Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Net Use

Strengthening vector control measures among mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) is crucial to malaria elimination, particularly in areas with multidrug-resistant malaria. Although a global priority, providing access and ensuring high coverage of available tools such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) among these vulnerable groups remains a significant challenge. We assessed mosquito net ownership, utilization, and preference among individuals who slept in a forest and/or on a farm against those residing only in village “home” settings in a priority malaria elimination area of Vietnam. Proportions of respondents owning bed nets were similar among forest, farm, and home sleeping sites, ranging between 96% and 98%. The proportion of respondents owning hammock nets was higher for the forest group (92%), whereas ownership of hammocks in general was significantly lower for the home group (55%). Most respondents (97%) preferred to bring hammock nets to their remote sleeping site, whereas a smaller proportion (25%) also considered bed nets as an option. Respondent preferences included thick hammock nets with zippers (53%), hammocks with a flip cover (17%), and thin hammock nets with zippers (15%), with none choosing polyethylene (hard) LLINs. Although there is high coverage and access to nets for this high-priority MMP, there was a noted gap between coverage and net use, potentially undermining the effectiveness of net-related interventions that could impact malaria prevention and elimination efforts in Vietnam. The design and material of nets are important factors for user preferences that appear to drive net use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document