scholarly journals The role of adipose triglyceride lipase in lipid and glucose homeostasis: lessons from transgenic mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Trites ◽  
Robin D. Clugston
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Fat Reserves

AbstractThe ability of mammals to store and draw on fat reserves has been a driving force throughout evolution in an environment with intermittent nutrient availability. The discovery of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) as a triglyceride lipase provided a heightened understanding of the mechanisms governing mobilization of fat reserves from adipose tissue. ATGL catalyses the initial step in adipose triglyceride lipolysis, working in concert with other enzymes to mobilize triglyceride for energy production. In addition to the role of ATGL in adipose tissue triglyceride mobilization, ATGL plays crucial roles in regulating lipid homeostasis in other tissues. These roles have been characterized primarily using transgenic mice with tissue-specific ATGL ablation. For example, the global ATGL knockout induces a severe cardiac defect that results in premature mortality that is mimicked by inducible cardiomyocyte-specific ATGL knockout. Global- and adipose-specific ATGL ablation induces a whole-body shift from lipid metabolism to glucose metabolism to satisfy metabolic demand primarily facilitated by an increase in glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Generation of liver-specific ATGL knockouts has implicated hepatic lipolysis as a critical component of normal liver function. Analysis of β-cell ATGL knockouts implicates the necessity of pancreatic ATGL in insulin secretion. The objective of this review is to discuss the contributions of ATGL to systemic lipid- and glucose-homeostasis discovered through the study of transgenic mice.

Role of perivascular adipose tissue in endothelial dysfunction of adipose triglyceride lipase-deficient mice

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S21
Author(s):  
Karoline Dörffel ◽  
Sarah Winkler ◽  
Günter Hämmerle ◽  
Rudolf Zechner ◽  
Alois Lametschwandtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Deficient Mice

scholarly journals Fat specific adipose triglyceride lipase is necessary for iron-mediated lipolysis and lipid mobilization in response to negative energy balance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia R Romero ◽  
Andre Mu ◽  
Janelle S Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Triglyceride Lipase

Maintenance of energy balance is essential for the overall health of an organism. In mammals, both negative and positive energy balance are associated with disease states. To maintain their energy balance within a defined homeostatic setpoint, mammals have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms that control energy intake and expenditure. Traditionally, studies have focused on understanding the role of macronutrient physiology in energy balance. In the present study, we examined the role of the essential micronutrient iron in regulating energy balance. Using a dietary model, we found that a short course of excess dietary iron caused a negative energy balance resulting in a severe whole body wasting phenotype. This disruption in energy balance was due to an iron dependent increase in energy expenditure caused by a heightened basal metabolic rate and activity level. Using a transgenic mouse model lacking adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) specifically in fat tissue, we found that to meet the increased energetic demands, dietary iron caused increased lipid utilization that required fat specific ATGL-mediated lipid mobilization and wasting of subcutaneous white adipose tissue deposits. When fed dietary iron, mice lacking fat-specific ATGL activity were protected from fat wasting, and developed a severe cachectic response that is necessary to meet the increased energetic demands caused by the dietary regimen. Our work highlights the multi-faceted role of iron regulation of organismal metabolism and provides a novel in vivo mechanism for micronutrient control of lipolysis that is necessary for regulating mammalian energy balance.

scholarly journals Role of perivascular adipose tissue in endothelial dysfunction of adipose triglyceride lipase-deficient mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Pail ◽  
Sarah Winkler ◽  
Gerald Wölkart ◽  
Günter Hämmerle ◽  
Rudolf Zechner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Deficient Mice

LB-OR-5 THE ROLE OF ADIPOSE TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE (ATGL) IN HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE LIPOLYSIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
M. Schweiger ◽  
G. Schoiswohl ◽  
A. Lass ◽  
G. Haemmerle ◽  
R. Zechner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction in adipose triglyceride lipase deficiency: role of perivascular adipose tissue

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Mussbacher ◽  
Karoline Pail ◽  
Gerald Wölkart ◽  
Günter Hämmerle ◽  
Alois Lametschwandtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Triglyceride Lipase

scholarly journals Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism–related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Zhuang ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Ojanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

AbstractAerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and compared the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT) at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months of age, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months of age. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on the ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The effects of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction were studied via regression analysis. Our results showed that high aerobic capacity is associated with an accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in muscle and serum at rest, which is likely due to more efficient leucine catabolism in muscle. With aging, several amino acids were downregulated in muscle, indicating more efficient amino acid metabolism, whereas in WAT less efficient amino acid metabolism and decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation were observed. Our results further revealed that high aerobic capacity and aging interactively affect lipid metabolism in muscle and WAT, possibly combating unfavorable aging-related changes in whole body metabolism. Our results highlight the significant role of WAT metabolism for healthy aging.

scholarly journals The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Jamie I. van der van der Vaart ◽  
Mariëtte R. Boon ◽  
Riekelt H. Houtkooper
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Metabolic Stresses ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Body Energy

Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation.

Insulin resistance: cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, through free fatty acids, liver X receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α signaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Louise Olson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

AbstractSkeletal muscle and adipose tissue play a major role in the regulation of whole-body glucose homeostasis. Much of the coordinated regulation of whole-body glucose homeostasis results from the regulation of lipid storage and release by adipose tissue and efficient switching between glucose oxidation and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. A control point for these biochemical actions center around the regulation of the insulin responsive glucose transporter, GLUT4. This review examines the regulation of GLUT4 in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, in the context of the steroid nuclear hormone receptor signaling.

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