Optimizing stimulation parameters in functional electrical stimulation of denervated muscles: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Infectious and tropical diseases (ID) physicians are needed now more than ever to tackle existing and emerging global threats. However, in many countries, ID is not recognized as a qualifying specialty. The creation of ID residency in 2017 in France offers the opportunity to know how and why the specialty is chosen by medical students. Methods We first analyzed the choice of specialty of all French medical students in 2017 and 2018 according to their rank at the national exam that ends medical studies. A web questionnaire was then sent in January 2019 to all ID residents in France (n = 100) to assess the factors influencing their choice of specialty and their career plan. Results We analyzed the choice of 17,087 medical students. ID was the first-chosen specialty with a median national rank of 526/8539, followed by plastic surgery and ophthalmology. The questionnaire was completed by 90% of the French ID residents (n = 100). The most encouraging factors to choose ID were the multi-system approach of the specialty, the importance of diagnostic medicine and having done an internship in ID during medical school. The potential deterrents were the work-life balance, the workload and the salary. Conclusions The recent recognition of ID as a qualifying specialty in France can be considered a success insofar as the specialty is the most popular among all medical and surgical specialties. Individuals who choose ID are attracted by the intellectual stimulation of the specialty but express concerns about the working conditions and salaries.

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Functional Electrical Stimulation of Denervated Muscles: An Experimental Evaluation

Artificial Organs ◽

10.1111/j.1525-1594.2008.00608.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 597-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Stanley Salmons ◽

Jonathan C. Jarvis

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽

Experimental Evaluation ◽

Denervated Muscles ◽

Stimulation Of

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Functional Electrical Stimulation of Denervated Muscles: Basic Issues

Artificial Organs ◽

10.1111/j.1525-1594.2005.29034.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 199-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Stanley Salmons ◽

Zoe Ashley ◽

Hazel Sutherland ◽

Michael F. Russold ◽

Feng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽

Denervated Muscles ◽

Stimulation Of

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How and why do French medical students choose the specialty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases? A national cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.17620/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Peiffer-Smadja ◽

François-Daniel Ardellier ◽

Pauline Thill ◽

Anne-Lise Beaumont ◽

Gaud Catho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tropical Diseases ◽

Intellectual Stimulation ◽

Medical Studies ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Balance ◽

Know How ◽

Stimulation Of

Abstract Background Infectious and tropical diseases (ID) physicians are needed now more than ever to tackle existing and emerging global threats. However, in many countries, ID is not recognized as a qualifying specialty. The creation of ID residency in 2017 in France offers the opportunity to know how and why the specialty is chosen by medical students.Methods We first analyzed the choice of specialty of all French medical students in 2017 and 2018 according to their rank at the national exam that ends medical studies. A web questionnaire was then sent in January 2019 to all ID residents in France (n=100) to assess the factors influencing their choice of specialty and their career plan. Results We analyzed the choice of 17,087 medical students. ID was the first-chosen specialty with a median national rank of 526/8539, followed by plastic surgery and ophthalmology. The questionnaire was completed by 90% of the French ID residents (n=100). The most encouraging factors to choose ID were the multi-system approach of the specialty, the importance of diagnostic medicine and having done an internship in ID during medical school. The potential deterrents were the work-life balance, the workload and the salary. Conclusions The recent recognition of ID as a qualifying specialty in France can be considered a success insofar as the specialty is the most popular among all medical and surgical specialties. Individuals who choose ID are attracted by the intellectual stimulation of the specialty but express concerns about the working conditions and salaries.

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Comparing the Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation With and Without Ankle-foot Orthosis on the Balance and Walking Ability of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.32598/irj.19.3.1474.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 307-314

Author(s):

Parisa Aslani ◽

◽

Alireza Khaghani ◽

Taher Babaee ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Walking Ability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽

Study Results ◽

Foot Orthosis

Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is the second leading cause of nerve failure in young adults. One of the clinical manifestations of MS is impaired balance and gait. Ankle-foot Orthosis (AFO) and Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) are the most common rehabilitation interventions to improve the patients’ gait and balance. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of using an FES system and an AFO equipped with FES on the gait and balance of patients with MS. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. The patients were included in the study who were diagnosed with MS, had a score of lower than five on the expanded disability status scale, had a history of drop foot for at least three months, aged 20-50 years, and prescribed an AFO or FES, or both. The participants were asked to wear the FES system to evaluate their balance and ability to walk using the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest). Then, the participants were asked to wear an AFO equipped with FES, and their balance and ability to walk were assessed again. Results: The AFO equipped with FES provides more gait stability than FES alone condition (P <0.05). The ability of patients to use the FES alone was greater than using the AFO equipped with FES (P<0.05). Discussion: The study results showed that the walking ability of MS patients using an FES system is greater than that of AFO equipped with FES. This outcome can be due to the difficulty and limiting effect of using an orthosis on their performance. However, the patient’s postural response during stepping back and forth in the condition of AFO equipped with the FES system was better than the FES system alone.

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In complete SCI patients, long-term functional electrical stimulation of permanent denervated muscles increases epidermis thickness

Neurological Research ◽

10.1080/01616412.2018.1436877 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Giovanna Albertin ◽

Christian Hofer ◽

Sandra Zampieri ◽

Michael Vogelauer ◽

Stefan Löfler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽

Denervated Muscles ◽

Stimulation Of

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Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation Rescues Permanently Denervated Muscles in Paraplegic Patients With Complete Lower Motor Neuron Lesion

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/1545968310366129 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 709-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Helmut Kern ◽

Ugo Carraro ◽

Nicoletta Adami ◽

Donatella Biral ◽

Christian Hofer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽

Cauda Equina ◽

Ultrastructural Organization ◽

Mass Force ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Home Based ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Denervated Muscles

Background. Spinal cord injury causes muscle wasting and loss of function, which are especially severe after complete and permanent damage to lower motor neurons. In a previous cross-sectional study, long-standing denervated muscles were rescued by home-based functional electrical stimulation (h-bFES) training. Objective. To confirm results by a 2-year longitudinal prospective study of 25 patients with complete conus/cauda equina lesions. Methods. Denervated leg muscles were stimulated by h-bFES using a custom-designed stimulator and large surface electrodes. Muscle mass, force, and structure were determined before and after 2 years of h-bFES using computed tomography, measurements of knee torque during stimulation, and muscle biopsies analyzed by histology and electron microscopy. Results. Twenty of 25 patients completed the 2-year h-bFES program, which resulted in ( a) a 35% cross-sectional increase in area of the quadriceps muscle from 28.2 ± 8.1 to 38.1 ± 12.7 cm 2 ( P < .001), a 75% increase in mean diameter of muscle fibers from 16.6 ± 14.3 to 29.1 ± 23.3 μm ( P < .001), and improvements of the ultrastructural organization of contractile material; and ( b) a 1187% increase in force output during electrical stimulation from 0.8 ± 1.3 to 10.3 ± 8.1 N m ( P < .001). The recovery of quadriceps force was sufficient to allow 25% of the subjects to perform FES-assisted stand-up exercises. Conclusions. Home-based FES of denervated muscle is an effective home therapy that results in rescue of muscle mass and tetanic contractility. Important immediate benefits for the patients are the improved cosmetic appearance of lower extremities and the enhanced cushioning effect for seating.

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Patients' understanding of words used to describe lumps: a cross-sectional study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215105006481 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Neil K Chadha ◽

Costa Repanos

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd20.1.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evelyn R. Klein ◽

Barbara J. Amster

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Graduate Programs ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Graduate Course ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fluency Disorders ◽

Introductory Course ◽

Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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