The Traditional Practices of Mothers in Caring of Neonates Affected by Hyperbilirubinemia

Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the mothers’ traditional practice in caring for newborns with jaundice; we want to determine the association between mothers’ practices and their demographic characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 mothers from inpatient pediatric wards of Babylon Teaching Hospital for maternal and pediatric care. They were selected by non-probability, purposive sampling method. The study data were collected by a three-part tool: demographic data sheet related to mothers and children, mothers’ knowledge concerning neonatal jaundice, and the mother’s knowledge and home practices concerning neonatal jaundice. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22. Results: Most mothers (67%) were younger than 30 years, and 10% had college or institute educational level. Also, 87% of mothers knew that jaundice is a common problem for neonates; 25% did not know that jaundice is abnormal if it occurs within the first 36 hours. About 17% of mothers did not agree that maternal and fetal blood group differences lead to jaundice. Besides, 47% of mothers were uncertain that severe jaundice could lead to deafness, and 78% knew that phototherapy is the treatment for jaundice. Discussion: The majority of respondents in the study were aged 29 years or less. Most of them adopted breast and formula as the type of feeding. The most recognizable outcome of this study was the adequate knowledge and practices of mothers concerning traditional caring for neonates with jaundice.

Developing a Persian Verbal Fluency Test and Comparing the Results Between Healthy Persian Speakers and Persian Speakers Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objectives: Phonemic and semantic fluency tasks are used for verbal fluency (VF) evaluation. The present study aimed to select the most appropriate semantic categories and the most frequent phonemes of Persian as items for the VF test. Then, we determine the test results in differentiation between cognitively intact people and those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer Disease (AD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 people (60 cognitively intact, 30 with AD, and 30 with MCI) in two phases. In phase one, linguists determine the most frequent phonemes at the beginning of Persian words and the most frequent semantic categories based on a survey. In phase two, the verbal fluency test was administered to cognitively intact people and those with cognitive impairment (patients with AD and MCI). One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The normal subjects scored significantly higher in all phonemic and semantic fluency tasks than the patients with AD and people with MCI (P<0.05). Regarding the phonemic VF task, the phonemes /sh/, /s/, and then /a/ were better in differentiating the MCI and AD groups from the normal group. Regarding the semantic VF task, the animals’ category was better differentiated the MCI and AD groups from the normal group. Discussion: Comparing frequent phonemes and semantic categories of Persian across three groups of normal, AD, and MCI showed that some phonemes and semantic categories can be more differentiating in the VF task. However, it is a preliminary validation study, and this topic needs more investigation in the future.

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Ideas for Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Subacute Stroke

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the outcome of an Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) rehabilitation intervention on the lung function, functional mobilization, balance, and peripheral muscle strength of the paretic side in patients with subacute stroke. Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial study was conducted on patients with stable subacute stroke. For 8 weeks, the intervention group (n=16) received 40% intensity IMT while the control group (n=16) received 10% intensity IMT. We assessed the patients’ lung function (spirometer) before and after the intervention, as well as their pulmonary muscle strength (micro-respiratory pressure meter [RPM]), quadriceps strength (handheld dynamometer), grip strength (Jamar), walking speed (10-m walk test), balance (Berg Balance Scale [BBS]), and functional mobilization (sit-to-stand test). Results: There were significant differences between the intervention group and the control group after IMT for forced vital capacity (FVC)% (P<0.01; d=3.20), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/FVC (P<0.001; d=2.55), FEV1% (P<0.001; d=5.10), walking speed (P<0.05; d=1.62), hand grip (P<0.001; d=2.45), quadriceps strength (P<0.001; d=4.18), functional mobilization (P<0.01; d=2.41), and maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (P<0.001; d=1.62), but no significant changes were seen in balance (P=0.304; d=0.57). Discussion: IMT improved lung function, functional mobilization, handgrip strength, and quadriceps strength on the paretic side of subacute stroke patients and is expected to improve functional status and allow the patient to participate in social activities. IMT exercise can be included in the rehabilitation program for subacute stroke patients.

The Early Prelinguistic Skills in Iranian Infants and Toddlers

Objectives: The prelinguistic skills which pave the way for language development have always been an area of research in the Speech Therapy field. Although studying these skills is important, there is a study gap among Persian children. Therefore, this study explored prelinguistic skills among a sample of Persian-speaking children aged 6 to 24 months and made a comparison between different age groups. We also studied the effects of gender and family history of speech-language disorders on children’s prelinguistic abilities. Methods: In the present study, 277 mothers of Iranian Persian-speaking children aged 6 to 24 months were asked to fill a research-made checklist that evaluated the prelinguistic skills of their children. This study was cross-sectional and was conducted in Tehran City, Iran, in 2021. Children’s abilities in different age groups were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffe test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the post-hoc test. The differences between the total scores of the two genders were also determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Comparing the prelinguistic skills in different age groups indicated a statistically significant increase in the scores as children grow up. Children with a positive family history of speech-language disorders scored lower on the checklist than the others (91.03±17.37). Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences between the two genders in developing gesture, vocalization, first words, social interaction, imitation, and play; girls had higher scores. Conclusion: Based on the studies conducted in different countries, prelinguistic skills develop as children grow up; these skills facilitate language acquisition and other social skills. The present study also demonstrated the development of these skills alongside children’s development. This similarity between Persian-speaking children and other children from different cultures and languages, as well as better performance in children with a negative family history of speech-language impairments, confirm the role of genetic factors in children’s development. Moreover, the differences in the development of some prelinguistic skills between girls and boys reveal the impact of various factors, such as social factors, on prelinguistic skills development.

Feasibility, Satisfaction With, and Attitude Toward Telerehabilitation During COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of Iranian Rehabilitation Professionals

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences highlighted the importance of using telerehabilitation systems and affected the professional’s attitude toward it. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, satisfaction, and attitude of rehabilitation professionals toward telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the feasibility, satisfaction, and attitude of rehabilitation professionals toward virtual training and telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 118 occupational therapists, speech therapists, audiologists, psychologists, and educators completed the study questionnaires. Results: The findings indicate that the correlations among satisfaction, feasibility, advantages, and compatibility were significant (r ranging from 0.418 to 0.717). There were significant but weak positive correlations between years of working experience and scores of feasibility and advantages. In addition, the mean scores of feasibility, advantages, compatibility, and complexity in participants who provided telerehabilitation before the COVID-19 pandemic were higher than other respondents. Discussion: Because of the positive role of telerehabilitation in a situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic, health care systems should create mechanisms for its optimal use, protocol preparation, health professionals training, and infrastructure acquisition.

The Effect of Aquatic and Non-aquatic Balance Training on the Fall Risk of Patients With Grade 2 and 3 Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of balance exercises in the aquatic and Non-aquatic environments compared with control in patients with grade 2 or 3 knee Osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: For this single-blind, randomized control trial study, 43 women with mild to moderate knee OA were recruited through a simple non-probability sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the aquatic balance exercise group (n=15), Non-aquatic balance exercise group (n=15), and a control group (n=13). The intervention programs comprised aquatic and Non-aquatic balance training. Fall risk, the primary outcome, was measured by the Biodex balance system before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA and paired sample t-test were used for analyzing data. Results: After 4 weeks training, the Mean±SD fall risk score significantly decreased from 3.49±1.14 to 2.59±1.22 (P<0.001) in the aquatic balance training group, from 3.21±0.62 to 2.19±0.62 (P<0.001) in the Non-aquatic balance training group, and from 3.77±1.13 to 3.17±1.22 (P<0.001) in the control group. Regarding between-group comparisons, we found significant differences between the Non-aquatic balance training group and the control group (P=0.03). Discussion: Despite the environment, the balance exercise program significantly improved fall risk scores among patients with grade 2 or 3 knee osteoarthritis.

Comparing Spinomed® and Elderly Spinal Orthosis Use on Kyphosis Angle, Back Pain, and Quality of Life in Elderly With Thoracic Hyperkyphosis

Objectives: Thoracic hyperkyphosis is one of the most common conditions in the elderly. The use of orthosis and exercise is one of the most effective treatments suggested, but unfortunately, there is little evidence to support this treatment. The study aimed to compare the effect of Spinomed® orthosis and elderly spinal orthosis with exercise and exercise alone on the angle of kyphosis, quality of life, and pain in the elderly with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Methods: In this study, 40 older adults aged 60 years and older with a kyphosis angle of more than 50 degrees were recruited. The participants were allocated into three groups: Spinomed® orthosis and exercise (n=14), elderly spinal orthosis and exercise (n=15), and exercise only (n=11). The groups were treated for three months. Results: There was a significant decrease in the kyphosis angle of participants in the Spinomed® orthosis and exercise groups (P=0.005). Pain score was significantly decreased in the Spinomed® orthosis and exercise group (P=0.023). There was only a significant increase in the physical component summary in the Spinomed® orthosis and exercise group (P=0.03) and the elderly spinal orthosis and exercise group (P=0.04) . Discussion: The combination of Spinomed® orthosis with exercise is the best choice to correct the kyphosis angle, reduce pain, and increase the quality of life. Elderly spinal orthosis and exercise can also improve the quality of life scores.

Vestibular Rehabilitation in Isolated Otolith Dysfunction After Covid-19: A Case Report

A 56-year-old female with dizziness, imbalance, and a slight floating sensation was evaluated. Her symptoms started after infection with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Routine auditory test (pure tone audiometry), vestibular assessment (videonystagmography), and neurologic test results were in the normal range, but the otolith evaluations, such as cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and subjective visual vertical tests, showed abnormal findings. The patient underwent a ten-session individualized vestibular rehabilitation program (one session per week). After completing rehabilitation sessions, her chief complaints were alleviated, the performance on computerized posturography was improved, and the abnormal cVEMP amplitude asymmetry between ears disappeared. In conclusion, vestibular disorders can happen after COVID-19 infection, presenting exclusively with isolated otolith dysfunction. In these patients, functional integrity assessment of the whole vestibular system is crucial, and vestibular rehabilitation may be beneficial.

Ambulatory and Social Performance Status After Transfemoral Prosthetic Rehabilitation Regarding Age, Gender, and Marital Status

Objectives: This study aims to determine the association of ambulatory and social performance status of transfemoral prosthetic users with their age, gender, and marital status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 transfemoral prosthesis users. A sample was recruited from both genders aged 10-60 years using the prosthesis for at least one year. They were selected using the non-probability convenience sampling method from the Pakistan Institute of Prosthetic and Orthotic Sciences from July 2019 to December 2019. Lower extremity functional scale and short form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) were used for data collection, followed by statistical analysis. Results: Ambulatory status (as measured by the total lower extremity functional scale) revealed significant association (P<0.001) with age. The highest score belonged to the 10-30 years age group. Also, there was a significant association (P=0.003) with marital status with the highest scores for unmarried ones. However, no significant (P=0.705) gender association was noted though scores were higher for the male gender. As regards, the social performance was measured by SF-36. The findings revealed a significant association (P<0.05) of most domains of SF-36 with age groups, with the highest scores for the age group of 10-30 years. Also, a significant association with the gender with higher scores in females was noted in most domains. In contrast, no significant association with marital status was reported in most domains. Discussion: Ambulatory status has a significant association with age and marital status with no significant gender association. While social performance has a significant association with gender, most domains had significant associations with age groups. However, no association with marital status was present.

The Association of Depressive Symptoms With Plasma C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Under Treatment

Objectives: This study evaluates the relationship between plasma high sensitive c-reactive protein (HSCRP) in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) under therapy. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 patients with MDD that had been diagnosed previously to confirm their matching «DSM-5 criteria for MDD version 7.0.2,» employing the «mini-international neuropsychiatric interview.» Also, they were on antidepressants prescriptions for at least 4 months. The criteria of MDD were based on the self-administered inquiry forms for evaluating depression severity, comprising the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression module. A venous blood sample was collected from all participants for White Blood Cells (WBCs) counts and HSCRP assays. Besides their BMI calculations, SPSS v. 23, was used for all statistical tests. Results: HSCRP mean serum levels were within normal ranges among MDD patients. The Mean±SD age of the MDD patients was 39.5±0.9 years, and most of them were obese; their Mean±SD BMI was 32.9±15.8 kg/m2. The mean WBCs count of the participants was within the normal ranges. The ratio of male/female participants in this study was 1.64:1. There was a non-significant difference between the sexes in all study parameters: no significant variations in the distribution of HSCRP levels according to the scores of depression severity. There was no significant variation in the distribution of WBCs counts according to the severity of depressive thoughts. A receiver operating characteristic curve (when tested for the diagnostic ability of HSCRP) revealed poor predictability to distinguish those with severe MDD from those with no or mild depressive thoughts: area under the curve=0.484, sensitivity=0.52, specificity=0.46, and P>0.05. Discussion: The outcomes of our study highlighted the importance of low-grade inflammation as a risk factor of the onset or even worsening of depression in patients with MDD. This finding is reflected by a significant difference in the mean levels of serum HSCRP between those having mild and severe PHQ-9 scores. However, the mean serum levels of HSCRP were not correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms.